Understanding the effect of immunosuppressive agents on intestinal microbiota is important to reduce the mortality and morbidity from orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We investigated the relationship between th...Understanding the effect of immunosuppressive agents on intestinal microbiota is important to reduce the mortality and morbidity from orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We investigated the relationship between the commonly used immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CSA) and the intestinal microbial variation in an OLT model. The rat samples were divided as follows:(1) N group (normal control);(2) I group (isograft LT, Brown Norway [BN] rat to BN);(3) R group (allograft LT, Lewis to BN rat);and (4) CSA group (R group treated with CSA). The intestinal microbiota was assayed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles and by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The liver histopathology and the alanine/aspartate aminotransferase ratio after LT were both ameliorated by CSA. In the CSA group, the numbers of rDNA gene copies of Clostridium cluster I, Clostridium cluster XIV, and Enterobacteriaceae decreased, whereas those of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increased compared with the R group. Cluster analysis indicated that the samples from the N, I, and CSA groups were clustered, whereas the other clusters contained the samples from the R group. Hence, CSA ameliorates hepatic graft injury and partially restores gut microbiota following LT, and these may benefit hepatic graft rejection.展开更多
Background and Aims:Perivascular epithelioid cell neo-plasms(PEComas)are a rare type of mesenchymal neo-plasm and their preoperative diagnosis is challenging.In this study,we summarized the experience from a single me...Background and Aims:Perivascular epithelioid cell neo-plasms(PEComas)are a rare type of mesenchymal neo-plasm and their preoperative diagnosis is challenging.In this study,we summarized the experience from a single medical center to study the examinations,clinical presen-tations,and pathological and histological characteristics of PEComas in the liver in order to optimize overall un-derstanding of the diagnosis and treatment of these neo-plasms.Methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics as well as imaging presentations of 75 patients diagnosed with hepatic PEComa in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhe-jiang University between April 2010 and April 2020.Re-sults:Among the 75 patients,52 were women,and the median age was 48 years.Most patients had no specific symptoms,and two were admitted to the hospital for a second time owing to relapse.All patients underwent surgi-cal resection.Histologically,38 patients had classical angio-myolipoma(AML)and 37 had epithelioid AML.The PECo-mas were accompanied by positive immunohistochemical expression of HMB45,Melan-A,and smooth muscle actin.Follow-up data were obtained from 47 of the total 75 pa-tients,through October 2020.Two patients had metastasis after surgery.Conclusions:AML is the most common type of hepatic PEComa.There are no specific symptoms of he-patic PEComa,and serological examinations and imaging modalities for accurate preoperative diagnosis are lacking.Epithelioid AML should be considered a tumor of uncertain malignant potential;however,the prognosis of PEComa af-ter resection is promising.展开更多
Dear Editor,The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is increasing in many countries due to hepatic virus infection and unhealthy diet habits,and the unsatisfactory overall survival rate calls for novel treatment...Dear Editor,The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is increasing in many countries due to hepatic virus infection and unhealthy diet habits,and the unsatisfactory overall survival rate calls for novel treatments with higher efficacy.1 Recent studies have shown that RNA modifications are likely to participate in the progression of HCC,2 suggesting new methods for tumor growth control.Specifically,5-methylcytosine(m5C)is one of the most interesting RNA modification types,as accumulating evidence suggests its role in the promotion of HCC tumorigenesis.3 The RNA methyltransferase Aly/REF export factor(ALYREF)is considered one type of“reader”protein located in the nucleus that recognizes and binds directly with m5C sites in RNA and facilitates the export of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.4 Notably,ALYREF is considered a promising target for diagnosis and prognosis prediction.5 However,until now,the low number of related studies has limited the understanding of the mechanism of the HCC-promoting effects of ALYREF.展开更多
Dear Editor,Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which ranks globally as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths,is highly prevalent,and most patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage cancer when treatments are lar...Dear Editor,Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which ranks globally as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths,is highly prevalent,and most patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage cancer when treatments are largely ineffective.1 Thus,there is an urgent need for earlier diagnosis to improve HCC patient outcomes.Although many types of tumors have intratumor bacteria,the tumor microbiome is poorly characterized because of limitations in the technology for detection.Recently,Nejman et al.展开更多
There is a theory that the unavoidable graft damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)during liver transplantation(LT)can lead to severe IRI-related inflammation and trigger an early activation of the innate i...There is a theory that the unavoidable graft damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)during liver transplantation(LT)can lead to severe IRI-related inflammation and trigger an early activation of the innate immune response mediated by T-cells,which potentially worsening the acute cellular rejection(ACR)cascade.As a result,machine perfusion(MP)has been placed great expectations for the potential to diminish post-LT ACR and other related immune responses by alleviating IRI through removing harmful substances and restoring cellular metabolism homeostasis(1,2).However,there has been much debate about MP’s benefits on ACR as relative data is limited.展开更多
Liver transplantation is a lifesaving procedure for patients with end-stage liver diseases.With the development of surgical technique,imaging,and immunosuppressant agents,postoperative survival rate has increased stea...Liver transplantation is a lifesaving procedure for patients with end-stage liver diseases.With the development of surgical technique,imaging,and immunosuppressant agents,postoperative survival rate has increased steadily.However,organ shortage is still a major concern.To solve the organ shortage crisis,extended criteria donors are used which include aged donors,fatty donors,and cardiac death donors;these donors need more protection.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2017M610374)Zhejiang Medical Health Technology Project (No. 2019313269)+2 种基金Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81421062)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81470891)Science and Technology Bureau of Zhejiang Province, China (No. 2016C33145).
文摘Understanding the effect of immunosuppressive agents on intestinal microbiota is important to reduce the mortality and morbidity from orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We investigated the relationship between the commonly used immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CSA) and the intestinal microbial variation in an OLT model. The rat samples were divided as follows:(1) N group (normal control);(2) I group (isograft LT, Brown Norway [BN] rat to BN);(3) R group (allograft LT, Lewis to BN rat);and (4) CSA group (R group treated with CSA). The intestinal microbiota was assayed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles and by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The liver histopathology and the alanine/aspartate aminotransferase ratio after LT were both ameliorated by CSA. In the CSA group, the numbers of rDNA gene copies of Clostridium cluster I, Clostridium cluster XIV, and Enterobacteriaceae decreased, whereas those of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increased compared with the R group. Cluster analysis indicated that the samples from the N, I, and CSA groups were clustered, whereas the other clusters contained the samples from the R group. Hence, CSA ameliorates hepatic graft injury and partially restores gut microbiota following LT, and these may benefit hepatic graft rejection.
基金This work was supported by Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(LQ20H030005)Zhejiang Health Technology Project(2020KY126/2019RC153).
文摘Background and Aims:Perivascular epithelioid cell neo-plasms(PEComas)are a rare type of mesenchymal neo-plasm and their preoperative diagnosis is challenging.In this study,we summarized the experience from a single medical center to study the examinations,clinical presen-tations,and pathological and histological characteristics of PEComas in the liver in order to optimize overall un-derstanding of the diagnosis and treatment of these neo-plasms.Methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics as well as imaging presentations of 75 patients diagnosed with hepatic PEComa in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhe-jiang University between April 2010 and April 2020.Re-sults:Among the 75 patients,52 were women,and the median age was 48 years.Most patients had no specific symptoms,and two were admitted to the hospital for a second time owing to relapse.All patients underwent surgi-cal resection.Histologically,38 patients had classical angio-myolipoma(AML)and 37 had epithelioid AML.The PECo-mas were accompanied by positive immunohistochemical expression of HMB45,Melan-A,and smooth muscle actin.Follow-up data were obtained from 47 of the total 75 pa-tients,through October 2020.Two patients had metastasis after surgery.Conclusions:AML is the most common type of hepatic PEComa.There are no specific symptoms of he-patic PEComa,and serological examinations and imaging modalities for accurate preoperative diagnosis are lacking.Epithelioid AML should be considered a tumor of uncertain malignant potential;however,the prognosis of PEComa af-ter resection is promising.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(81790631)Zhejiang Province Health Department Program(2021KY657).
文摘Dear Editor,The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is increasing in many countries due to hepatic virus infection and unhealthy diet habits,and the unsatisfactory overall survival rate calls for novel treatments with higher efficacy.1 Recent studies have shown that RNA modifications are likely to participate in the progression of HCC,2 suggesting new methods for tumor growth control.Specifically,5-methylcytosine(m5C)is one of the most interesting RNA modification types,as accumulating evidence suggests its role in the promotion of HCC tumorigenesis.3 The RNA methyltransferase Aly/REF export factor(ALYREF)is considered one type of“reader”protein located in the nucleus that recognizes and binds directly with m5C sites in RNA and facilitates the export of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.4 Notably,ALYREF is considered a promising target for diagnosis and prognosis prediction.5 However,until now,the low number of related studies has limited the understanding of the mechanism of the HCC-promoting effects of ALYREF.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(81790631)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(U20A20343)Zhejiang University Academic Award for Outstanding Doctoral Candidates(2020055)。
文摘Dear Editor,Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which ranks globally as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths,is highly prevalent,and most patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage cancer when treatments are largely ineffective.1 Thus,there is an urgent need for earlier diagnosis to improve HCC patient outcomes.Although many types of tumors have intratumor bacteria,the tumor microbiome is poorly characterized because of limitations in the technology for detection.Recently,Nejman et al.
文摘There is a theory that the unavoidable graft damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)during liver transplantation(LT)can lead to severe IRI-related inflammation and trigger an early activation of the innate immune response mediated by T-cells,which potentially worsening the acute cellular rejection(ACR)cascade.As a result,machine perfusion(MP)has been placed great expectations for the potential to diminish post-LT ACR and other related immune responses by alleviating IRI through removing harmful substances and restoring cellular metabolism homeostasis(1,2).However,there has been much debate about MP’s benefits on ACR as relative data is limited.
基金This study was supported by grants from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M610374)the Zhejiang Health Technology Youth Talent Project(2019RC153).
文摘Liver transplantation is a lifesaving procedure for patients with end-stage liver diseases.With the development of surgical technique,imaging,and immunosuppressant agents,postoperative survival rate has increased steadily.However,organ shortage is still a major concern.To solve the organ shortage crisis,extended criteria donors are used which include aged donors,fatty donors,and cardiac death donors;these donors need more protection.
