Early surgical resection and chemotherapy of bone cancer are commonly used in the treatment of bone tumor,but it is still highly challenging to prevent recurrence and fill the bone defect caused by the resection site....Early surgical resection and chemotherapy of bone cancer are commonly used in the treatment of bone tumor,but it is still highly challenging to prevent recurrence and fill the bone defect caused by the resection site.In this work,we report a rational integration of photonic-responsive two-dimensional(2D)ultrathin niobium carbide(Nb2C)MXene nanosheets(NSs)into the 3D-printed bone-mimetic scaffolds(NBGS)for osteosarcoma treatment.The integrated 2D Nb2C-MXene NSs feature specific photonic response in the second near-infrared(NIR-II)biowindow with high tissue-penetrating depth,making it highly efficient in killing bone cancer cells.Importantly,Nb-based species released by the biodegradation of Nb2C MXene can obviously promote the neogenesis and migration of blood vessels in the defect site,which can transport more oxygen,vitamins and energy around the bone defect for the reparative process,and gather more immune cells around the defect site to accelerate the degradation of NBGS.The degradation of NBGS provides sufficient space for the bone remodeling.Besides,calcium and phosphate released during the degradation of the scaffold can promote the mineralization of new bone tissue.The intrinsic multifunctionality of killing bone tumor cell and promoting angiogenesis and bone regeneration makes the engineered Nb2C MXeneintegrated composite scaffolds a distinctive implanting biomaterial on the efficient treatment of bone tumor.展开更多
Experimental investigations into the compressive behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite at high strain rates were carried out using a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)setup.The GFRP laminates were ...Experimental investigations into the compressive behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite at high strain rates were carried out using a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)setup.The GFRP laminates were made from E-glass fibers and epoxy resins by vacuum assisted compression molding machine.The results of the compressive tests indicated that the mechanical behavior of the GFRP composite depends highly on the strain rate.The compressive peak stress,toughness and Young's modulus of the GFRP composite increased with the increase of strain rate,while the strain level at the initial stages of damage was shortened with the increase of strain rate.In addition,the dynamic deformation behavior and failure process of the specimens were observed directly by using a high-speed camera.Following the experiments,the fracture morphologies and damage modes were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)to explore the possible failure mechanisms of the specimens.The results showed that multiple failure mechanisms appeared,such as matrix crack,fiber-matrix debonding,fiber failure and shear fracture.展开更多
The original version of this article unfortunately contain some mistakes in figure.The authors found that the curves in Fig.1f,g were missing.The corrected version of Fig.1 is given below:Fig.1 Fabrication and charact...The original version of this article unfortunately contain some mistakes in figure.The authors found that the curves in Fig.1f,g were missing.The corrected version of Fig.1 is given below:Fig.1 Fabrication and characterization of ultrathin 2D Nb2C MXene NSs.a,b SEM images of Nb2AlC ceramics with corresponding element mapping(Nb,Al and C).c,d SEM images of multilayered Nb2C MXene and the corresponding element mapping(Nb,Al and C).展开更多
As the crucial powerhouse for cell metabolism and tissue survival,the mitochondrion frequently undergoes morphological or positional changes when responding to various stresses and energy demands.In addition to intrac...As the crucial powerhouse for cell metabolism and tissue survival,the mitochondrion frequently undergoes morphological or positional changes when responding to various stresses and energy demands.In addition to intracellular changes,mitochondria can also be transferred intercellularly.Besides restoring stressed cells and damaged tissues due to mitochondrial dysfunction,the intercellular mitochondrial transfer also occurs under physiological conditions.In this review,the phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer is described according to its function under both physiological and pathological conditions,including tissue homeostasis,damaged tissue repair,tumor progression,and immunoregulation.Then,the mechanisms that contribute to this process are summarized,such as the trigger factors and transfer routes.Furthermore,various perspectives are explored to better understand the mysteries of cell-cell mitochondrial trafficking.In addition,potential therapeutic strategies for mitochondria-targeted application to rescue tissue damage and degeneration,as well as the inhibition of tumor progression,are discussed.展开更多
●Soil pH was a key driver of N2O emission and sources in acidic soils.●N2O emission was significantly positively associated with the ratio of ITS to 16S.●N2O was significantly correlated with bacterial and fungal c...●Soil pH was a key driver of N2O emission and sources in acidic soils.●N2O emission was significantly positively associated with the ratio of ITS to 16S.●N2O was significantly correlated with bacterial and fungal community composition.●Fungi contributed to N2O in highly acidic tea plantations and vegetable fields.Acidic soil is a main source of global nitrous oxide(N2O)emissions.However,the mechanism behind the high N2O emissions from acidic soils remains a knowledge gap.The objective of this microcosm incubation study was to pin-point the microbial mechanisms involved in N2O production processes in acidic soils.For that purpose,the isotopic signatures and microbial community structure and composition of four soil samples were examined.The results showed that highly acid soils(pH=3.51)emitted 89 times more N2O than alkaline soils(pH=7.95)under the same nitrogen(N)inputs.Fungal denitrification caused high N2O emissions in acidic soils.ITS to 16S abundance ratio was positively correlated with cumulative N2O emissions from the tested soils.The highly acid soils(pH<4.5)showed greater fungal nirK gene abundance and lower abundance of AOA-amoA,AOB-amoA,nirK,nosZ I and nosZ II genes.The unclassified Aspergillaceae fungi(63.65%)dominated the highly acidic soils and was the most strongly correlated genus with N2O emissions.These findings highlight that soil microbial community structures,denitrifying fungi in particular,shaped by low pH(pH<4.5)lead to high N2O emissions from acidic soils.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0203700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51872185,51722211,51672303,81672131,81672143,82072417 and 81802247)+2 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(Grant No.18XD1404300)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2018YFC1106303)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.17060502400).
文摘Early surgical resection and chemotherapy of bone cancer are commonly used in the treatment of bone tumor,but it is still highly challenging to prevent recurrence and fill the bone defect caused by the resection site.In this work,we report a rational integration of photonic-responsive two-dimensional(2D)ultrathin niobium carbide(Nb2C)MXene nanosheets(NSs)into the 3D-printed bone-mimetic scaffolds(NBGS)for osteosarcoma treatment.The integrated 2D Nb2C-MXene NSs feature specific photonic response in the second near-infrared(NIR-II)biowindow with high tissue-penetrating depth,making it highly efficient in killing bone cancer cells.Importantly,Nb-based species released by the biodegradation of Nb2C MXene can obviously promote the neogenesis and migration of blood vessels in the defect site,which can transport more oxygen,vitamins and energy around the bone defect for the reparative process,and gather more immune cells around the defect site to accelerate the degradation of NBGS.The degradation of NBGS provides sufficient space for the bone remodeling.Besides,calcium and phosphate released during the degradation of the scaffold can promote the mineralization of new bone tissue.The intrinsic multifunctionality of killing bone tumor cell and promoting angiogenesis and bone regeneration makes the engineered Nb2C MXeneintegrated composite scaffolds a distinctive implanting biomaterial on the efficient treatment of bone tumor.
基金Supported by the Ministerial Level Key Task Project of China(MS201507A0132)
文摘Experimental investigations into the compressive behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite at high strain rates were carried out using a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)setup.The GFRP laminates were made from E-glass fibers and epoxy resins by vacuum assisted compression molding machine.The results of the compressive tests indicated that the mechanical behavior of the GFRP composite depends highly on the strain rate.The compressive peak stress,toughness and Young's modulus of the GFRP composite increased with the increase of strain rate,while the strain level at the initial stages of damage was shortened with the increase of strain rate.In addition,the dynamic deformation behavior and failure process of the specimens were observed directly by using a high-speed camera.Following the experiments,the fracture morphologies and damage modes were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)to explore the possible failure mechanisms of the specimens.The results showed that multiple failure mechanisms appeared,such as matrix crack,fiber-matrix debonding,fiber failure and shear fracture.
文摘The original version of this article unfortunately contain some mistakes in figure.The authors found that the curves in Fig.1f,g were missing.The corrected version of Fig.1 is given below:Fig.1 Fabrication and characterization of ultrathin 2D Nb2C MXene NSs.a,b SEM images of Nb2AlC ceramics with corresponding element mapping(Nb,Al and C).c,d SEM images of multilayered Nb2C MXene and the corresponding element mapping(Nb,Al and C).
基金supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81820108020 and 81672143)Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.2020PJD039)the fund from China Scholarship Council.
文摘As the crucial powerhouse for cell metabolism and tissue survival,the mitochondrion frequently undergoes morphological or positional changes when responding to various stresses and energy demands.In addition to intracellular changes,mitochondria can also be transferred intercellularly.Besides restoring stressed cells and damaged tissues due to mitochondrial dysfunction,the intercellular mitochondrial transfer also occurs under physiological conditions.In this review,the phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer is described according to its function under both physiological and pathological conditions,including tissue homeostasis,damaged tissue repair,tumor progression,and immunoregulation.Then,the mechanisms that contribute to this process are summarized,such as the trigger factors and transfer routes.Furthermore,various perspectives are explored to better understand the mysteries of cell-cell mitochondrial trafficking.In addition,potential therapeutic strategies for mitochondria-targeted application to rescue tissue damage and degeneration,as well as the inhibition of tumor progression,are discussed.
基金support of Professor Yuzhong Li from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences for the technical assistance in the isotope signature determination.This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42007031).
文摘●Soil pH was a key driver of N2O emission and sources in acidic soils.●N2O emission was significantly positively associated with the ratio of ITS to 16S.●N2O was significantly correlated with bacterial and fungal community composition.●Fungi contributed to N2O in highly acidic tea plantations and vegetable fields.Acidic soil is a main source of global nitrous oxide(N2O)emissions.However,the mechanism behind the high N2O emissions from acidic soils remains a knowledge gap.The objective of this microcosm incubation study was to pin-point the microbial mechanisms involved in N2O production processes in acidic soils.For that purpose,the isotopic signatures and microbial community structure and composition of four soil samples were examined.The results showed that highly acid soils(pH=3.51)emitted 89 times more N2O than alkaline soils(pH=7.95)under the same nitrogen(N)inputs.Fungal denitrification caused high N2O emissions in acidic soils.ITS to 16S abundance ratio was positively correlated with cumulative N2O emissions from the tested soils.The highly acid soils(pH<4.5)showed greater fungal nirK gene abundance and lower abundance of AOA-amoA,AOB-amoA,nirK,nosZ I and nosZ II genes.The unclassified Aspergillaceae fungi(63.65%)dominated the highly acidic soils and was the most strongly correlated genus with N2O emissions.These findings highlight that soil microbial community structures,denitrifying fungi in particular,shaped by low pH(pH<4.5)lead to high N2O emissions from acidic soils.
