Nickel-based alloys are the primary structural materials in steam generators of high-temperature gas reactors.To understand the irradiation effect of nickel-based alloys,it is necessary to examine dislocation movement...Nickel-based alloys are the primary structural materials in steam generators of high-temperature gas reactors.To understand the irradiation effect of nickel-based alloys,it is necessary to examine dislocation movement and its interaction with irradiation defects at the microscale.Hardening due to voids and Ni_(3)Al precipitates may significantly impact irradiation damage in nickel-based alloys.This paper employs the molecular dynamics method to analyze the interaction between edge dislocations and irradiation defects(void and Ni_(3)Al precipitates)in face-centered cubic nickel.The effects of temperature and defect size on the interaction are also explored.The results show that the interaction process of the edge dislocation and irradiation defects can be divided into four stages:dislocation free slip,dislocation attracted,dislocation pinned,and dislocation unpinned.Interaction modes include the formation of stair-rod dislocations and the climbing of extended dislocation bundles for voids,as well as the generation of stair-rod dislocation and dislocation shear for precipitates.Besides,the interactions of edge dislocations with voids and Ni_(3)Al precipitates are strongly influenced by temperature and defect size.展开更多
For dissimilar metal welds(DMWs)involving nickel-based weld metal(WM)and ferritic heat resistant steel base metal(BM)in power plants,there must be an interface between WM and BM,and this interface suffers mechanical a...For dissimilar metal welds(DMWs)involving nickel-based weld metal(WM)and ferritic heat resistant steel base metal(BM)in power plants,there must be an interface between WM and BM,and this interface suffers mechanical and microstructure mismatches and is often the rupture location of premature failure.In this study,a new form of WM/BM interface form,namely double Y-type interface was designed for the DMWs.Creep behaviors and life of DMWs containing double Y-type interface and conventional I-type interface were compared by finite element analysis and creep tests,and creep failure mechanisms were investigated by stress-strain analysis and microstructure characterization.By applying double Y-type interface instead of conventional I-type interface,failure location of DMW could be shifted from the WM/ferritic heat-affected zone(HAZ)interface into the ferritic HAZ or even the ferritic BM,and the failure mode change improved the creep life of DMW.The interface premature failure of I-type interface DMW was related to the coupling effect of microstructure degradation,stress and strain concentrations,and oxide notch on the WM/HAZ interface.The creep failure of double Y-type interface DMW was the result of Type IV fracture due to the creep voids and micro-cracks on fine-grain boundaries in HAZ,which was a result of the matrix softening of HAZ and lack of precipitate pinning at fine-grain boundaries.The double Y-type interface form separated the stress and strain concentrations in DMW from the WM/HAZ interface,preventing the trigger effect of oxide notch on interface failure and inhibiting the interfacial microstructure cracking.It is a novel scheme to prolong creep life and enhance reliability of DMW,by means of optimizing the interface form,decoupling the damage factors from WM/HAZ interface,and then changing the failure mechanism and shifting the failure location.展开更多
This study analysed the failure of dissimilar metal welds(DMWs)between ferritic heat resistant steels and austenitic stainless steels and investigated its influencing factors by means of numerical simulation,microstru...This study analysed the failure of dissimilar metal welds(DMWs)between ferritic heat resistant steels and austenitic stainless steels and investigated its influencing factors by means of numerical simulation,microstructure characterization and mechanical property test.Under the long-term high-temperature service condition in practical power plant,the DMW failure mode was along the interface between nickel-based weld metal(WM)and ferritic heat resistant steel,and the failure mechanism was stress/strain concentration,microstructure degradation and oxidation coupling acting on the interface.The numerical simulation results show that interface stress/strain concentration was due to the differences in coefficient of thermal expansion and creep strength,and the degree of stress/strain concentration was related to service time.The ferrite band formed at the WM/ferritic steel interface was prone to cracking,attracting the fracture along the interface.The interface crack allowed oxidation to develop along the WM/ferritic steel interface.During long-term service,the interface stress/strain concentration,microstructure and oxidation all evolved,which synergistically promoted interface failure of DMW.However,only under the long-term service of low stress conditions could trigger the interface failure of DMW.Meanwhile,long-term service would reduce the mechanical strength and plasticity of DMW.展开更多
F321 austenitic stainless steel,well known for its excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance,is widely used as a structural component in the pipelines and pumps of light water reactors(LWRs)and generation IV(GenlV)...F321 austenitic stainless steel,well known for its excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance,is widely used as a structural component in the pipelines and pumps of light water reactors(LWRs)and generation IV(GenlV)reactors.However,the material failure arising from the high-temperature softening of the 300 series austenitic stainless steels has recently received significant attention.In this study,we conducted uniaxial tensile tests on F321 stainless steel at different temperatures.P\irthermore,we developed a face-centered cubic(FCC)crystal plasticity method emphasizing the temperature factor of the evolution of dislocations inferred by the physical mechanisms at the microscopic level to simulate the polycrystalline mechanical response and model the high-temperature softening phenomenon of F321 austenitic stainless steel.Subsequently,this model was implemented using the ABAQUS finite-element platform.On this basis,the crystal plastic finite-element method(CPFEM)of F321 stainless steel was established.The calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental results,which validated the effectiveness of this numerical method.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China(grant number TC220A04W-7,203)CNNC Youth Elite Scientific Research Project,the National Key R&D Plan of China(grant number 2020YFB1901600)the National Science Technology Major Project of China(grant numbers 2017ZX06902012 and 2017ZX06901024).
文摘Nickel-based alloys are the primary structural materials in steam generators of high-temperature gas reactors.To understand the irradiation effect of nickel-based alloys,it is necessary to examine dislocation movement and its interaction with irradiation defects at the microscale.Hardening due to voids and Ni_(3)Al precipitates may significantly impact irradiation damage in nickel-based alloys.This paper employs the molecular dynamics method to analyze the interaction between edge dislocations and irradiation defects(void and Ni_(3)Al precipitates)in face-centered cubic nickel.The effects of temperature and defect size on the interaction are also explored.The results show that the interaction process of the edge dislocation and irradiation defects can be divided into four stages:dislocation free slip,dislocation attracted,dislocation pinned,and dislocation unpinned.Interaction modes include the formation of stair-rod dislocations and the climbing of extended dislocation bundles for voids,as well as the generation of stair-rod dislocation and dislocation shear for precipitates.Besides,the interactions of edge dislocations with voids and Ni_(3)Al precipitates are strongly influenced by temperature and defect size.
基金Supported by Youth Elite Project of CNNC and Modular HTGR Super-critical Power Generation Technology Collaborative Project between CNNC and Tsinghua University Project of China(Grant No.ZHJTIZYFGWD20201).
文摘For dissimilar metal welds(DMWs)involving nickel-based weld metal(WM)and ferritic heat resistant steel base metal(BM)in power plants,there must be an interface between WM and BM,and this interface suffers mechanical and microstructure mismatches and is often the rupture location of premature failure.In this study,a new form of WM/BM interface form,namely double Y-type interface was designed for the DMWs.Creep behaviors and life of DMWs containing double Y-type interface and conventional I-type interface were compared by finite element analysis and creep tests,and creep failure mechanisms were investigated by stress-strain analysis and microstructure characterization.By applying double Y-type interface instead of conventional I-type interface,failure location of DMW could be shifted from the WM/ferritic heat-affected zone(HAZ)interface into the ferritic HAZ or even the ferritic BM,and the failure mode change improved the creep life of DMW.The interface premature failure of I-type interface DMW was related to the coupling effect of microstructure degradation,stress and strain concentrations,and oxide notch on the WM/HAZ interface.The creep failure of double Y-type interface DMW was the result of Type IV fracture due to the creep voids and micro-cracks on fine-grain boundaries in HAZ,which was a result of the matrix softening of HAZ and lack of precipitate pinning at fine-grain boundaries.The double Y-type interface form separated the stress and strain concentrations in DMW from the WM/HAZ interface,preventing the trigger effect of oxide notch on interface failure and inhibiting the interfacial microstructure cracking.It is a novel scheme to prolong creep life and enhance reliability of DMW,by means of optimizing the interface form,decoupling the damage factors from WM/HAZ interface,and then changing the failure mechanism and shifting the failure location.
基金Supported by Youth Elite Project of CNNC and Modular HTGR Super-critical Power Generation Technology collaborative project between CNNC and Tsinghua University Project (Grant No.ZHJTIZYFGWD20201)。
文摘This study analysed the failure of dissimilar metal welds(DMWs)between ferritic heat resistant steels and austenitic stainless steels and investigated its influencing factors by means of numerical simulation,microstructure characterization and mechanical property test.Under the long-term high-temperature service condition in practical power plant,the DMW failure mode was along the interface between nickel-based weld metal(WM)and ferritic heat resistant steel,and the failure mechanism was stress/strain concentration,microstructure degradation and oxidation coupling acting on the interface.The numerical simulation results show that interface stress/strain concentration was due to the differences in coefficient of thermal expansion and creep strength,and the degree of stress/strain concentration was related to service time.The ferrite band formed at the WM/ferritic steel interface was prone to cracking,attracting the fracture along the interface.The interface crack allowed oxidation to develop along the WM/ferritic steel interface.During long-term service,the interface stress/strain concentration,microstructure and oxidation all evolved,which synergistically promoted interface failure of DMW.However,only under the long-term service of low stress conditions could trigger the interface failure of DMW.Meanwhile,long-term service would reduce the mechanical strength and plasticity of DMW.
文摘F321 austenitic stainless steel,well known for its excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance,is widely used as a structural component in the pipelines and pumps of light water reactors(LWRs)and generation IV(GenlV)reactors.However,the material failure arising from the high-temperature softening of the 300 series austenitic stainless steels has recently received significant attention.In this study,we conducted uniaxial tensile tests on F321 stainless steel at different temperatures.P\irthermore,we developed a face-centered cubic(FCC)crystal plasticity method emphasizing the temperature factor of the evolution of dislocations inferred by the physical mechanisms at the microscopic level to simulate the polycrystalline mechanical response and model the high-temperature softening phenomenon of F321 austenitic stainless steel.Subsequently,this model was implemented using the ABAQUS finite-element platform.On this basis,the crystal plastic finite-element method(CPFEM)of F321 stainless steel was established.The calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental results,which validated the effectiveness of this numerical method.
