Soil nitrogen(N)cycling is one of the most critical biogeochemical cycles,and N cycling-related microorganisms are the primary driving force behind N cycling in natural environments.The large karst sinkholes in China,...Soil nitrogen(N)cycling is one of the most critical biogeochemical cycles,and N cycling-related microorganisms are the primary driving force behind N cycling in natural environments.The large karst sinkholes in China,known as Tiankengs,harbor abundant unique biological resources due to their particular environmental conditions.However,N cycling-related microorganisms in Tiankeng soils and their connection to ecosystem processes remain poorly studied.In this study,we investigated the distribution patterns and genomic diversity of N cycling-related microorganisms both inside and outside the Luohun cave Tiankeng in Guizhou,China,utilizing high-throughput sequencing and other techniques.The results indicated that the diversities and abundances of denitrifying bacteria,ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,and ammonia-oxidizing archaea communities inside the Tiankeng were higher than those outside the Tiankeng;however,the microbial network relationships were more fragile inside the Tiankeng.The most abundant species of denitrifying bacteria,ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,and ammonia-oxidizing archaea inside the Tiankeng were unclassified_p_Proteobacteria(47.8%),unclassified_k_norank(AOB,OTU121,37.3%),and unclassified_g_norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_environmental_samples(55.7%),respectively;outside the Tiankeng,they were unclassified_k_norank_d_bacteria(54.5%),unclassified_k_norank(AOB,OTU121,48.1%),and unclassified_k_norank(AOA,OTU70,49.6%),respectively.Additionally,the N content inside the Tiankeng was significantly lower(P<0.05)under the influence of these N cycling-related microorganisms,whereas the nutrient contents were higher than that outside the Tiankeng.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report on the crucial microbial distribution patterns driving N cycling in karst Tiankengs and provides new insights into the structure and potential functions of N cycling-related microorganisms in the unique ecological environment of fragile Tiankeng ecosystems.展开更多
Attributable to the complex distribution of tactile vesicles under the skin and the ability of the brain to process specific tactile parameters(shape,hardness,and surface texture),human skin can have the capacity for ...Attributable to the complex distribution of tactile vesicles under the skin and the ability of the brain to process specific tactile parameters(shape,hardness,and surface texture),human skin can have the capacity for tactile spatial reconstruction and visualization of complex object geometry and surface texture.However,current haptic sensor technologies are predominantly point sensors,which do not have an interlaced distribution structure similar to that of haptic vesicles,limiting their potential in human-computer interaction applications.Here,we report an optical microfiber array skin(OMAS)imitating tactile vesicle interlaced structures for tactile visualization and object reconstruction sensing.This device is characterized by high sensitivity(−0.83 N/V)and fast response time(38 ms).We demonstrate that combining the signals collected by the OMAS with appropriate artificial intelligence algorithms enables the recognition of objects with different hardnesses and shapes with 100%accuracy.It also allows for the classification of fabrics with different surface textures with 98.5%accuracy and Braille patterns with 99%accuracy.As a proof-of-concept,we integrated OMAS into a robot arm to select mahjong among six common objects and successfully recognize its suits by touch,which provides a new solution for tactile sensory processing for human-computer interaction.展开更多
Most multispectral compatible infrared camouflage devices primarily focus on achieving low emissivity but neglect environmental emissivity matching when environmental emissivity exceeds that of the devices,this create...Most multispectral compatible infrared camouflage devices primarily focus on achieving low emissivity but neglect environmental emissivity matching when environmental emissivity exceeds that of the devices,this creates a"low-emissivity exposure"risk.To address this issue,we develop a tunable multispectral compatible infrared camouflage device using phase change material In3SbTe2(IST).Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that in both the amorphous(aIST)and crystalline(cIST)states,the device achieves simulated plant infrared camouflage and ultra-low emissivity infrared camouflage within the atmospheric window bands(3–5μm and 8–14μm).To address thermal management,it utilizes two non-atmospheric window bands(2.5–3μm and 5–8μm)for heat dissipation.Additionally,laser stealth is realized at three specific wavelengths(1.064μm,1.55μm,and 10.6μm).In the visible spectrum,high absorptivity enables effective visible light camouflage.Adjusting the geometric parameters of top layer structure enables color variation.This work not only highlights potential applications in reversible switching,reconfigurable imaging,and dynamic coding using IST but also offers an effective strategy to counter multispectral detection technology.展开更多
The 2D/3D heterojunction perovskites have garnered increasing attention due to their exceptional moisture and thermal stability.However,few works have paid attention to the influence of the subsequent change process o...The 2D/3D heterojunction perovskites have garnered increasing attention due to their exceptional moisture and thermal stability.However,few works have paid attention to the influence of the subsequent change process of 2D/3D heterojunction PSC on the stability of PSCs.Moreover,the evolution of the interface and carrier dynamic behavior of the 2D/3D perovskite films with long-term operation has not been systematically developed befo re.In this work,the effects of 2D/3 D heterojunction evolution on the interface of perovskite films and different carrier dynamics during 2D/3D evolution are systematically analyzed for the first time.The decomposition of 2D/3D heterojunction in the perovskite film will have a certain impact on the surface and carrier dynamics behavior of perovskite.During the evolution of 2D/3D heterojunction,PbI_(2)crystals will appear,which will improve the interfacial energy level matching between the electron transport layer and perovskite film.With a long evolution time,some holes will appear on the surface of perovskite film.The open circuit voltage(V_(OC))of PSCs increased from 1.14 to1.18 V and the PCE increased to 23.21%after 300 h storage in the nitrogen atmosphere,and maintained 89%initial performance for with 3000 h stability test in N_(2)box.This discovery has a significant role in promoting the development of inverted heterojunction PSCs and constructing the revolution mechanism of charge carrier dynamic.展开更多
Hydrogen,meeting the requirements of sustainable development,is regarded as the ultimate energy in the 21st century.Due to the inexhaustible and feasible of solar energy,solar water splitting is an immensely promising...Hydrogen,meeting the requirements of sustainable development,is regarded as the ultimate energy in the 21st century.Due to the inexhaustible and feasible of solar energy,solar water splitting is an immensely promising strategy for environmental-friendly hydrogen production,which not only overcomes the fluctuation and intermittency but also contributes to achieving the mission of global“Carbon Neutrality and Carbon Peaking”.However,there is still a lack of a comprehensive overview focusing on hydrogen progress with a discussion of development from solar energy to solar cells.Herein,we emphasize several solar-to-hydrogen pathways from the basic concepts and principles and focus on photovoltaic-electrolysis and photoelectrochemical/photovoltaic systems,which have achieved solar-to-hydrogen(STH)efficiency of over 10%and have extremely promising for large-scale application.In addition,we summarize the challenges and opportunities faced in this field including configuration design,electrode materials,and performance evaluation.Finally,perspectives on the potential commercial application and scientific research for the further development of solar-to-hydrogen are analyzed and presented.展开更多
Panax stipuleanatus(Araliaceae) is an endangered and medicinally important plant endemic to China.However, phylogenetic relationships within the genus Panax have remained unclear. In this study, we sequenced the compl...Panax stipuleanatus(Araliaceae) is an endangered and medicinally important plant endemic to China.However, phylogenetic relationships within the genus Panax have remained unclear. In this study, we sequenced the complete plastome of P. stipuleanatus and included previously reported Panax plastomes to better understand the relationships between species and plastome evolution within the genus Panax.The plastome of P. stipuleanatus is 156,069 base pairs(bp) in length, consisting of a pair of inverted repeats(IRs, each 25,887 bp) that divide the plastome into a large single copy region(LSC, 86,126 bp) and a small single copy region(SSC, 8169 bp). The plastome contains 114 unigenes(80 protein-coding genes,30 tRNA genes, and 4 r RNA genes). Comparative analyses indicated that the plastome gene content and order, as well as the expansion/contraction of the IR regions, are all highly conserved within Panax. No significant positive selection in the plastid protein-coding genes was observed across the eight Panax species, suggesting the Panax plastomes may have undergone a strong purifying selection. Our phylogenomic analyses resulted in a phylogeny with high resolution and supports for Panax. Nine proteincoding genes and 10 non-coding regions presented high sequence divergence, which could be useful for identifying different Panax species.展开更多
Recent sequencing efforts have broadly uncovered the evolutionary trajectory of plastid genomes(plastomes)of flowering plants in diverse habitats,yet our knowledge of the evolution of plastid posttranscriptional modif...Recent sequencing efforts have broadly uncovered the evolutionary trajectory of plastid genomes(plastomes)of flowering plants in diverse habitats,yet our knowledge of the evolution of plastid posttranscriptional modifications is limited.In this study,we generated 11 complete plastomes and performed ultra-deep transcriptome sequencing to investigate the co-evolution of plastid RNA editing and genetic variation in Cymbidium,a genus with diverse trophic lifestyles.Genome size and gene content is reduced in terrestrial and green mycoheterotrophic orchids relative to their epiphytic relatives.This could be partly due to extensive losses and pseudogenization of ndh genes for the plastid NADH dehydrogenase-like complex,but independent pseudogenization of ndh genes has also occurred in the epiphyte C.mannii,which was reported to use strong crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis.RNA editing sites are abundant but variable in number among Cymbidium plastomes.The nearly twofold variation in editing abundance is mainly due to extensive reduction of ancestral editing sites in ndh transcripts of terrestrial,mycoheterotrophic,and C.mannii plastomes.The co-occurrence of editing reduction and pseudogenization in ndh genes suggests functional constraints on editing machinery may be relaxed,leading to nonrandom loss of ancestral edited sites via reduced editing efficiency.This study represents the first systematic examination of RNA editing evolution linked to plastid genome variation in a single genus.We also propose an explanation for how genomic and posttranscriptional variations might be affected by lifestyle-associated ecological adaptation strategies in Cymbidium.展开更多
We study that the different-mode(waveguide-connected)power splitter[(W)PS]can provide different-mode testing points for the optical testing.With the PS or WPS providing two different-mode testing points,the measured i...We study that the different-mode(waveguide-connected)power splitter[(W)PS]can provide different-mode testing points for the optical testing.With the PS or WPS providing two different-mode testing points,the measured insertion losses(ILs)of the three-channel and dual-mode waveguide crossing(WC)for both the fundamental transverse electric(TE0)and TE1 modes are less than 1.8 dB or 1.9 dB from 1540 nm to 1560 nm.At the same time,the crosstalks(CTs)are lower than-17.4 dB or-18.2 dB.The consistent test results indicate the accuracy of the(W)PS-based testing circuit.Additionally,combining the tunable tap couplers,the(W)PS can provide multiple testing points with different modes and different transmittances.展开更多
In this Letter,we explore the interplay between topological defects and resonant phenomena in photonic crystal slabs,focusing on quasi-flatband resonances and bound states in the continuum(BICs).We identify anisotropi...In this Letter,we explore the interplay between topological defects and resonant phenomena in photonic crystal slabs,focusing on quasi-flatband resonances and bound states in the continuum(BICs).We identify anisotropic quasi-flatband resonances and isotropic quasi-flatband symmetry-protected BICs that exist in coupled topological defects characterized by nontrivial 2D Zak phases,originating from monopole,dipole,and quadrupole corner modes within second-order topological insulator systems.These topological defect modes,whose band structures are described using a tight-binding model,exhibit distinctive radiative behavior due to their symmetry and multipolar characteristics.Through far-field excitation analysis,we demonstrate the robustness and accessibility of these modes in terms of angular and spectral stability.Furthermore,we investigate potential applications of the quasi-flatband resonances in light-matter interactions,including optical forces,second-harmonic generation,and strong coupling,which exhibit robust performance under varying illumination angles.These findings offer new opportunities for precise control over light-matter interactions.展开更多
Bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)are promising channel materials for state-of-the-art transistors,due to their smaller bandgap,higher carrier mobility,and better electrostatic control than those of the m...Bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)are promising channel materials for state-of-the-art transistors,due to their smaller bandgap,higher carrier mobility,and better electrostatic control than those of the monolayer counterparts.Epitaxial growth and controllable doping of wafer-scale bilayer TMDCs single crystals are two pivotal tasks to meet the practical applications of high-performance electronic devices.Despite considerable efforts have been made,addressing such fundamental issues simultaneously has yet to be realized.Here we design an ingenious Fe-assisted epitaxial strategy to synthesize centimeter-size uniform bilayer tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))with unidirectional alignment on industry-compatible c-plane sapphire.The introduction of Fe promotes the formation of parallel steps on sapphire surfaces to induce the edge-nucleation of unidirectionally aligned bilayer WS_(2)and the evolution of centimeter-size uniform films.The ionic liquid gated transistors with ultrahigh electron mobility(169 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1))and remarkable on/off current ratio(10^(8))are constructed based on the centimeter-size bilayer Fe-WS_(2),due to the reduction of Schottky barrier width induced by Fe doping.This work provides a simple and general approach for synthesizing and doping of wafer-scale bilayer TMDCs,which should accelerate the further device downscaling to extend Moore’s law.展开更多
Epitaxy growth and accurate doping of wafer-scale two-dimensional(2D)semiconductor single crystals are two crucial issues to break the scaling limitation of transistors.Despite remarkable progresses have been realized...Epitaxy growth and accurate doping of wafer-scale two-dimensional(2D)semiconductor single crystals are two crucial issues to break the scaling limitation of transistors.Despite remarkable progresses have been realized in preparing large-area 2D n-type semiconductor single crystals,the epitaxy growth of wafer-scale p-type semiconductor single crystals have yet to be realized.Here an in-situ hole doping strategy is proposed to control the domain orientation and modulate the electronic property of monolayer MoS_(2),which enable the achievement of centimeter-sized ptype semiconductor single crystals.The introduction of hole dopants(e.g.,V_(2)O_(5),NH_(4)VO_(3),and VCl_(3))contributes to the parallel steps formation on sapphire surfaces to induce the unidirectional monolayer MoS_(2) domains nucleation.Meanwhile,the electronic property of monolayer MoS_(2) is also changed from n-type semiconducting to p-type.Benefiting from the different doping abilities of V_(2)O_(5),NH_(4)VO_(3),and VCl_(3),the V doping concentrations can be regulated within a large range from 0.36 to 12.60 at%,which delivers an excellent hole mobility(17.6 cm^(2)·V^(–1)·s^(–1)).This work provides a new avenue for synthesizing wafer-scale 2D p-type semiconductor single crystals,which will enrich the device functions and extend Moore’s law.展开更多
Y-junction photonic power splitters are essential in photonic integrated circuits.In this paper,a tunable Y-junction splitter is introduced using a standard silicon-on-insulator platform.It features a single-point con...Y-junction photonic power splitters are essential in photonic integrated circuits.In this paper,a tunable Y-junction splitter is introduced using a standard silicon-on-insulator platform.It features a single-point control mechanism of both the turnability of power splitting ratios and the non-volatility with optical phase change materials(O-PCMs).This nonvolatile Yjunction splitter has a broadband of 350 nm(from 1300 to 1650 nm)with an about 0.7 dB low insertion loss.Using the direct binary search(DBS)inverse design algorithm,a circular point was identified to fill the phase change material Sb_(2)S_(3)within the coupling area of the Y-junction photonic power splitter.Six example power splitting ratios of 1.86,1.70,1.50,1.34,1.21,and 1.14 were realized under single-point control using phase changes at 1550 nm with a 0.35 dB low insertion loss.Furthermore,we also implemented a five-stage cascaded array,with the final stage consisting of 16 Y-junction splitters.These results are useful for significantly simplifying the control of photonic circuits.展开更多
The biological functions of the epitranscriptomic modification N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)in plants are not fully understood.CPSF30-L is a predominant isoform of the polyadenylation factor CPSF30 and consists of CPS...The biological functions of the epitranscriptomic modification N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)in plants are not fully understood.CPSF30-L is a predominant isoform of the polyadenylation factor CPSF30 and consists of CPSF30-S and an m^(6)A-binding YTH domain.Little is known about the biological roles of CPSF30-L and the molecular mechanism underlying its m^(6)A-binding function in alternative polyadenylation.Here,we charac-terized CPSF30-L as an Arabidopsis m^(6)A reader whose m^(6)A-binding function is required for the floral tran-sition and abscisic acid(ABA)response.We found that the m^(6)A-binding activity of CPSF30-L enhances the formation of liquid-like nuclear bodies,where CPSF30-L mainly recognizes m*A-modified far-upstream elements to control polyadenylation site choice.Deficiency of CPSF30-L lengthens the 3'untranslated region of three phenotypes-related transcripts,thereby accelerating their mRNA degradation and leading to late flowering and ABA hypersensitivity.Collectively,this study uncovers a new molecular mechanism for m^(6)A-driven phase separation and polyadenylation in plants.展开更多
The mRNA modification N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)plays vital roles in plant development and biotic and abiotic stress responses.The RNA m^(6)A demethylase ALKBH9 B can remove m^(6)A in alfalfa mosaic virus RNA and p...The mRNA modification N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)plays vital roles in plant development and biotic and abiotic stress responses.The RNA m^(6)A demethylase ALKBH9 B can remove m^(6)A in alfalfa mosaic virus RNA and plays roles in alfalfa mosaic virus infection in Arabidopsis.However,it is unknown whether ALKBH9 B also exhibits demethylation activity and has a biological role in endogenous plant mRNA.We demonstrated here that mRNA m^(6)A modification is induced by the phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA)and that ALKBH9 B has m^(6)A demethylation activity on endogenous mRNA.Knocking out ALKBH9 B led to hypersensitivity to ABA treatment during seed germination and early seedling development.We further showed that ALKBH9 B removes the m^(6)A modification in the ABA INSENSITIVE 1(ABI1)and BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1(BES1)transcripts following ABA treatment,affecting the stability of these mRNAs.Furthermore,we determined that ALKBH9 B acts genetically upstream of the transcription factors ABI3 and ABI5,and its regulatory function in ABA responses depended on ABI3 and ABI5.Our findings reveal the important roles of the m^(6)A modification in ABA responses and highlight the role of ALKBH9 Bmediated m^(6)A demethylation in regulating ABA responses post-transcriptionally.展开更多
In order to meet the practical needs of all-fiber conductivity-temperature-depth sensors with high sensitivity,compact structure,and easy packaging,this Letter uses a microfiber coupler combined with fiber loop(MCFL)r...In order to meet the practical needs of all-fiber conductivity-temperature-depth sensors with high sensitivity,compact structure,and easy packaging,this Letter uses a microfiber coupler combined with fiber loop(MCFL)reflective photonic device to conduct salinity,temperature,and deep sensing experiments.These MCFLs’dynamic range and resolution of salinity,temperature,and depth can meet the requirements of actual marine environment monitoring.This structure opens up a new design idea for the practical research of microfiber coupler-based marine environmental parameter sensors.展开更多
Based on the traditional directional coupler, we proposed a scheme to design on-chip polarization beam splitters using an inverse design method. In our scheme, the coupling area of the designed devices are only 0.48 ...Based on the traditional directional coupler, we proposed a scheme to design on-chip polarization beam splitters using an inverse design method. In our scheme, the coupling area of the designed devices are only 0.48 μm× 6.4 μm. By manipulating the refractive index of the coupling region, the devices can work in C-band,L-band, O-band, or any other communication band. Different from conventional design methods, which need to adjust the design parameters artificially, if the initial conditions are determined, the proposed scheme can automatically adjust the design parameters of devices according to specific requirements. The simulation results show that the insertion losses of the designed polarization beam splitters can be less than 0.4 dB(0.35 dB) for TE(TM)mode at the wavelengths of 1310, 1550, and 1600 nm, and the extinction ratios are larger than 19.9 dB for the TE and TM modes at all three wavelengths. Besides, the extinction ratios of both polarization states are more than 14.5 dB within the wavelength range of 1286–1364 nm, 1497–1568 nm, and 1553–1634 nm. At the same time,the insertion losses are smaller than 0.46 dB.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors are emerging as promising candidates for the next-generation nanoelectronics.As a type of unique channel materials,2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs),such as Mo...Two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors are emerging as promising candidates for the next-generation nanoelectronics.As a type of unique channel materials,2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs),such as MoS2 and WS2,exhibit great potential for the state-of-the-art fieldeffect transistors owing to their atomically thin thicknesses,dangling-band free surfaces,and abundant band structures.Even so,the device performances of 2D semiconducting TMDCs are still failing to reach the theoretical values so far,which is attributed to the intrinsic defects,excessive doping,and daunting contacts between electrodes and channels.In this article,we review the up-to-date three strategies for improving the device performances of 2D semiconducting TMDCs:(i)the controllable synthesis of wafer-scale 2D semiconducting TMDCs single crystals to reduce the evolution of grain boundaries,(ii)the ingenious doping of 2D semiconducting TMDCs to modulate the band structures and suppress the impurity scatterings,and(iii)the optimization design of interfacial contacts between electrodes and channels to reduce the Schottky barrier heights and contact resistances.In the end,the challenges regarding the improvement of device performances of 2D semiconducting TMDCs are highlighted,and the further research directions are also proposed.We believe that this review is comprehensive and insightful for downscaling the electronic devices and extending the Moore’s law.展开更多
To achieve photon-pair generation scaling, we optimize the quality factor of microring resonators for efficient continuous-wave-pumped spontaneous four-wave mixing. Numerical studies indicate that a high intrinsic qua...To achieve photon-pair generation scaling, we optimize the quality factor of microring resonators for efficient continuous-wave-pumped spontaneous four-wave mixing. Numerical studies indicate that a high intrinsic quality factor makes high pair rate and pair brightness possible, in which the maximums take place under overcoupling and critical-coupling conditions, respectively. We fabricate six all-pass-type microring resonator samples on a silicon-on-insulator chip involving gap width as the only degree of freedom. The signal count rate, pair brightness,and coincidence rate of all the samples are characterized, which are then compared with the modified simulations by taking the detector saturation and nonlinear loss into account. Being experimentally validated for the first time to the best of our knowledge, this work explicitly demonstrates that reducing the round-trip loss in a ring cavity and designing the corresponding optimized gap width are more effective to generate high-rate or high-brightness photon pairs than the conventional strategy of simply increasing the quality factor.展开更多
In this paper, a binary blazed grating-based polarization independent filter on silicon on insulator （SOI） under full conical incidence is presented. The properties of the grating filter are investigated by rigorous...In this paper, a binary blazed grating-based polarization independent filter on silicon on insulator （SOI） under full conical incidence is presented. The properties of the grating filter are investigated by rigorous coupled-wave analysis. It＇s shown that the filter demonstrates high reflectivity （R 〉 99%） at its resonant wavelength, which stays the same under three different polarization states. It indicates that this grating filter is polarization-independent. The final data shows its polarization-dependent loss （PDL） is only 0.04 dB and the full width at half maximums （FWHMs） of the transverse electric （TE-） and transverse magnetic （TM-） polarized light are 0.24 and 0.46nm, respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31860023)the Light of West China Program of Chinese Academic of Sciences(No.[2019]90)+1 种基金the Basic Research Fund of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,China(No.CQZ-D-1904)the Fundamental Research Fund of the Guangxi Institute of Botany,China(Guizhiye Nos.24010 and 24012).
文摘Soil nitrogen(N)cycling is one of the most critical biogeochemical cycles,and N cycling-related microorganisms are the primary driving force behind N cycling in natural environments.The large karst sinkholes in China,known as Tiankengs,harbor abundant unique biological resources due to their particular environmental conditions.However,N cycling-related microorganisms in Tiankeng soils and their connection to ecosystem processes remain poorly studied.In this study,we investigated the distribution patterns and genomic diversity of N cycling-related microorganisms both inside and outside the Luohun cave Tiankeng in Guizhou,China,utilizing high-throughput sequencing and other techniques.The results indicated that the diversities and abundances of denitrifying bacteria,ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,and ammonia-oxidizing archaea communities inside the Tiankeng were higher than those outside the Tiankeng;however,the microbial network relationships were more fragile inside the Tiankeng.The most abundant species of denitrifying bacteria,ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,and ammonia-oxidizing archaea inside the Tiankeng were unclassified_p_Proteobacteria(47.8%),unclassified_k_norank(AOB,OTU121,37.3%),and unclassified_g_norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_environmental_samples(55.7%),respectively;outside the Tiankeng,they were unclassified_k_norank_d_bacteria(54.5%),unclassified_k_norank(AOB,OTU121,48.1%),and unclassified_k_norank(AOA,OTU70,49.6%),respectively.Additionally,the N content inside the Tiankeng was significantly lower(P<0.05)under the influence of these N cycling-related microorganisms,whereas the nutrient contents were higher than that outside the Tiankeng.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report on the crucial microbial distribution patterns driving N cycling in karst Tiankengs and provides new insights into the structure and potential functions of N cycling-related microorganisms in the unique ecological environment of fragile Tiankeng ecosystems.
基金supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China grant No.62275269.
文摘Attributable to the complex distribution of tactile vesicles under the skin and the ability of the brain to process specific tactile parameters(shape,hardness,and surface texture),human skin can have the capacity for tactile spatial reconstruction and visualization of complex object geometry and surface texture.However,current haptic sensor technologies are predominantly point sensors,which do not have an interlaced distribution structure similar to that of haptic vesicles,limiting their potential in human-computer interaction applications.Here,we report an optical microfiber array skin(OMAS)imitating tactile vesicle interlaced structures for tactile visualization and object reconstruction sensing.This device is characterized by high sensitivity(−0.83 N/V)and fast response time(38 ms).We demonstrate that combining the signals collected by the OMAS with appropriate artificial intelligence algorithms enables the recognition of objects with different hardnesses and shapes with 100%accuracy.It also allows for the classification of fabrics with different surface textures with 98.5%accuracy and Braille patterns with 99%accuracy.As a proof-of-concept,we integrated OMAS into a robot arm to select mahjong among six common objects and successfully recognize its suits by touch,which provides a new solution for tactile sensory processing for human-computer interaction.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF0706005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272407,62275269,62275271,62305387)+3 种基金Foundation of NUDT(ZK23-03)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2022JJ40552,2023JJ40683)State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing,NUDT(202201-12)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China(CX20230009).
文摘Most multispectral compatible infrared camouflage devices primarily focus on achieving low emissivity but neglect environmental emissivity matching when environmental emissivity exceeds that of the devices,this creates a"low-emissivity exposure"risk.To address this issue,we develop a tunable multispectral compatible infrared camouflage device using phase change material In3SbTe2(IST).Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that in both the amorphous(aIST)and crystalline(cIST)states,the device achieves simulated plant infrared camouflage and ultra-low emissivity infrared camouflage within the atmospheric window bands(3–5μm and 8–14μm).To address thermal management,it utilizes two non-atmospheric window bands(2.5–3μm and 5–8μm)for heat dissipation.Additionally,laser stealth is realized at three specific wavelengths(1.064μm,1.55μm,and 10.6μm).In the visible spectrum,high absorptivity enables effective visible light camouflage.Adjusting the geometric parameters of top layer structure enables color variation.This work not only highlights potential applications in reversible switching,reconfigurable imaging,and dynamic coding using IST but also offers an effective strategy to counter multispectral detection technology.
基金financial support provided by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022NSFSC0226)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023ZYD0163)+6 种基金the Production-Education Integration Demonstration Project of Sichuan Provincethe Photovoltaic Industry Production-Education Integration Comprehensive Demonstration Base of Sichuan Province(Sichuan Financial Education[2022]No.106)China Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory Science and Technology Key Project(2023KJGG15)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803300)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(IS23037)the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero(project ID:NEXTCCUS)the ACT program(Accelerating CCS Technologies,Horizon2020 project NO.691712)。
文摘The 2D/3D heterojunction perovskites have garnered increasing attention due to their exceptional moisture and thermal stability.However,few works have paid attention to the influence of the subsequent change process of 2D/3D heterojunction PSC on the stability of PSCs.Moreover,the evolution of the interface and carrier dynamic behavior of the 2D/3D perovskite films with long-term operation has not been systematically developed befo re.In this work,the effects of 2D/3 D heterojunction evolution on the interface of perovskite films and different carrier dynamics during 2D/3D evolution are systematically analyzed for the first time.The decomposition of 2D/3D heterojunction in the perovskite film will have a certain impact on the surface and carrier dynamics behavior of perovskite.During the evolution of 2D/3D heterojunction,PbI_(2)crystals will appear,which will improve the interfacial energy level matching between the electron transport layer and perovskite film.With a long evolution time,some holes will appear on the surface of perovskite film.The open circuit voltage(V_(OC))of PSCs increased from 1.14 to1.18 V and the PCE increased to 23.21%after 300 h storage in the nitrogen atmosphere,and maintained 89%initial performance for with 3000 h stability test in N_(2)box.This discovery has a significant role in promoting the development of inverted heterojunction PSCs and constructing the revolution mechanism of charge carrier dynamic.
基金financial support from the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022NSFSC0226)Open Fund(PLN2021–17)of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation(Southwest Petroleum University)Science and Technology Project of Southwest Petroleum University(No.2021JBGS08).
文摘Hydrogen,meeting the requirements of sustainable development,is regarded as the ultimate energy in the 21st century.Due to the inexhaustible and feasible of solar energy,solar water splitting is an immensely promising strategy for environmental-friendly hydrogen production,which not only overcomes the fluctuation and intermittency but also contributes to achieving the mission of global“Carbon Neutrality and Carbon Peaking”.However,there is still a lack of a comprehensive overview focusing on hydrogen progress with a discussion of development from solar energy to solar cells.Herein,we emphasize several solar-to-hydrogen pathways from the basic concepts and principles and focus on photovoltaic-electrolysis and photoelectrochemical/photovoltaic systems,which have achieved solar-to-hydrogen(STH)efficiency of over 10%and have extremely promising for large-scale application.In addition,we summarize the challenges and opportunities faced in this field including configuration design,electrode materials,and performance evaluation.Finally,perspectives on the potential commercial application and scientific research for the further development of solar-to-hydrogen are analyzed and presented.
基金financially supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31590823)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31070297)
文摘Panax stipuleanatus(Araliaceae) is an endangered and medicinally important plant endemic to China.However, phylogenetic relationships within the genus Panax have remained unclear. In this study, we sequenced the complete plastome of P. stipuleanatus and included previously reported Panax plastomes to better understand the relationships between species and plastome evolution within the genus Panax.The plastome of P. stipuleanatus is 156,069 base pairs(bp) in length, consisting of a pair of inverted repeats(IRs, each 25,887 bp) that divide the plastome into a large single copy region(LSC, 86,126 bp) and a small single copy region(SSC, 8169 bp). The plastome contains 114 unigenes(80 protein-coding genes,30 tRNA genes, and 4 r RNA genes). Comparative analyses indicated that the plastome gene content and order, as well as the expansion/contraction of the IR regions, are all highly conserved within Panax. No significant positive selection in the plastid protein-coding genes was observed across the eight Panax species, suggesting the Panax plastomes may have undergone a strong purifying selection. Our phylogenomic analyses resulted in a phylogeny with high resolution and supports for Panax. Nine proteincoding genes and 10 non-coding regions presented high sequence divergence, which could be useful for identifying different Panax species.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDB31010000)by the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.2017-LSF-GBOWS-02)+1 种基金by an open research project for“Cross-Cooperative Team”of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciencesby the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program(to A.Z.).
文摘Recent sequencing efforts have broadly uncovered the evolutionary trajectory of plastid genomes(plastomes)of flowering plants in diverse habitats,yet our knowledge of the evolution of plastid posttranscriptional modifications is limited.In this study,we generated 11 complete plastomes and performed ultra-deep transcriptome sequencing to investigate the co-evolution of plastid RNA editing and genetic variation in Cymbidium,a genus with diverse trophic lifestyles.Genome size and gene content is reduced in terrestrial and green mycoheterotrophic orchids relative to their epiphytic relatives.This could be partly due to extensive losses and pseudogenization of ndh genes for the plastid NADH dehydrogenase-like complex,but independent pseudogenization of ndh genes has also occurred in the epiphyte C.mannii,which was reported to use strong crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis.RNA editing sites are abundant but variable in number among Cymbidium plastomes.The nearly twofold variation in editing abundance is mainly due to extensive reduction of ancestral editing sites in ndh transcripts of terrestrial,mycoheterotrophic,and C.mannii plastomes.The co-occurrence of editing reduction and pseudogenization in ndh genes suggests functional constraints on editing machinery may be relaxed,leading to nonrandom loss of ancestral edited sites via reduced editing efficiency.This study represents the first systematic examination of RNA editing evolution linked to plastid genome variation in a single genus.We also propose an explanation for how genomic and posttranscriptional variations might be affected by lifestyle-associated ecological adaptation strategies in Cymbidium.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0706005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12272407,62275269,62275271,and 62305387)+4 种基金Foundation of National University of Defense Technology of China(Grant No.ZK23-03)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.2022JJ40552 and 2023JJ40683)State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing,National University of Defense Technology of China(Grant No.202201-12)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China(Grant No.CX20230009)State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing,National University of Defense Technology of China(Grant No.202201-12).
文摘We study that the different-mode(waveguide-connected)power splitter[(W)PS]can provide different-mode testing points for the optical testing.With the PS or WPS providing two different-mode testing points,the measured insertion losses(ILs)of the three-channel and dual-mode waveguide crossing(WC)for both the fundamental transverse electric(TE0)and TE1 modes are less than 1.8 dB or 1.9 dB from 1540 nm to 1560 nm.At the same time,the crosstalks(CTs)are lower than-17.4 dB or-18.2 dB.The consistent test results indicate the accuracy of the(W)PS-based testing circuit.Additionally,combining the tunable tap couplers,the(W)PS can provide multiple testing points with different modes and different transmittances.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0706005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62305387,12272407,62275269,and 62275271)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ40683)the National University of Defense Technology(No.ZK23-03)。
文摘In this Letter,we explore the interplay between topological defects and resonant phenomena in photonic crystal slabs,focusing on quasi-flatband resonances and bound states in the continuum(BICs).We identify anisotropic quasi-flatband resonances and isotropic quasi-flatband symmetry-protected BICs that exist in coupled topological defects characterized by nontrivial 2D Zak phases,originating from monopole,dipole,and quadrupole corner modes within second-order topological insulator systems.These topological defect modes,whose band structures are described using a tight-binding model,exhibit distinctive radiative behavior due to their symmetry and multipolar characteristics.Through far-field excitation analysis,we demonstrate the robustness and accessibility of these modes in terms of angular and spectral stability.Furthermore,we investigate potential applications of the quasi-flatband resonances in light-matter interactions,including optical forces,second-harmonic generation,and strong coupling,which exhibit robust performance under varying illumination angles.These findings offer new opportunities for precise control over light-matter interactions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1200800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24A2055, 92164103)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFA052)Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research,No.2023010201010067)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kf0187)。
文摘Bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)are promising channel materials for state-of-the-art transistors,due to their smaller bandgap,higher carrier mobility,and better electrostatic control than those of the monolayer counterparts.Epitaxial growth and controllable doping of wafer-scale bilayer TMDCs single crystals are two pivotal tasks to meet the practical applications of high-performance electronic devices.Despite considerable efforts have been made,addressing such fundamental issues simultaneously has yet to be realized.Here we design an ingenious Fe-assisted epitaxial strategy to synthesize centimeter-size uniform bilayer tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))with unidirectional alignment on industry-compatible c-plane sapphire.The introduction of Fe promotes the formation of parallel steps on sapphire surfaces to induce the edge-nucleation of unidirectionally aligned bilayer WS_(2)and the evolution of centimeter-size uniform films.The ionic liquid gated transistors with ultrahigh electron mobility(169 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1))and remarkable on/off current ratio(10^(8))are constructed based on the centimeter-size bilayer Fe-WS_(2),due to the reduction of Schottky barrier width induced by Fe doping.This work provides a simple and general approach for synthesizing and doping of wafer-scale bilayer TMDCs,which should accelerate the further device downscaling to extend Moore’s law.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24A2055 and 92164103)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1200800)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFA052)the Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan or Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(No.2023010201010067)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kf0187).
文摘Epitaxy growth and accurate doping of wafer-scale two-dimensional(2D)semiconductor single crystals are two crucial issues to break the scaling limitation of transistors.Despite remarkable progresses have been realized in preparing large-area 2D n-type semiconductor single crystals,the epitaxy growth of wafer-scale p-type semiconductor single crystals have yet to be realized.Here an in-situ hole doping strategy is proposed to control the domain orientation and modulate the electronic property of monolayer MoS_(2),which enable the achievement of centimeter-sized ptype semiconductor single crystals.The introduction of hole dopants(e.g.,V_(2)O_(5),NH_(4)VO_(3),and VCl_(3))contributes to the parallel steps formation on sapphire surfaces to induce the unidirectional monolayer MoS_(2) domains nucleation.Meanwhile,the electronic property of monolayer MoS_(2) is also changed from n-type semiconducting to p-type.Benefiting from the different doping abilities of V_(2)O_(5),NH_(4)VO_(3),and VCl_(3),the V doping concentrations can be regulated within a large range from 0.36 to 12.60 at%,which delivers an excellent hole mobility(17.6 cm^(2)·V^(–1)·s^(–1)).This work provides a new avenue for synthesizing wafer-scale 2D p-type semiconductor single crystals,which will enrich the device functions and extend Moore’s law.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0706005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61805278,12272407,62275269,62275271,and 62305387)+4 种基金the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(No.CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0033)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M633704)the Foundation of NUDT(No.ZK23-03)the Natural Science FoundationofHunanProvince(Nos.2023JJ40683,2022JJ40552,and 2020JJ5646)the Hunan Provincial InnovationFoundationforPostgraduate,China(No.CX20230009)。
文摘Y-junction photonic power splitters are essential in photonic integrated circuits.In this paper,a tunable Y-junction splitter is introduced using a standard silicon-on-insulator platform.It features a single-point control mechanism of both the turnability of power splitting ratios and the non-volatility with optical phase change materials(O-PCMs).This nonvolatile Yjunction splitter has a broadband of 350 nm(from 1300 to 1650 nm)with an about 0.7 dB low insertion loss.Using the direct binary search(DBS)inverse design algorithm,a circular point was identified to fill the phase change material Sb_(2)S_(3)within the coupling area of the Y-junction photonic power splitter.Six example power splitting ratios of 1.86,1.70,1.50,1.34,1.21,and 1.14 were realized under single-point control using phase changes at 1550 nm with a 0.35 dB low insertion loss.Furthermore,we also implemented a five-stage cascaded array,with the final stage consisting of 16 Y-junction splitters.These results are useful for significantly simplifying the control of photonic circuits.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21822702,21820102008,92053109,and 21432002)the National Basic Research Program of China(2017YFA0505201 and 2019YFA0802201).
文摘The biological functions of the epitranscriptomic modification N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)in plants are not fully understood.CPSF30-L is a predominant isoform of the polyadenylation factor CPSF30 and consists of CPSF30-S and an m^(6)A-binding YTH domain.Little is known about the biological roles of CPSF30-L and the molecular mechanism underlying its m^(6)A-binding function in alternative polyadenylation.Here,we charac-terized CPSF30-L as an Arabidopsis m^(6)A reader whose m^(6)A-binding function is required for the floral tran-sition and abscisic acid(ABA)response.We found that the m^(6)A-binding activity of CPSF30-L enhances the formation of liquid-like nuclear bodies,where CPSF30-L mainly recognizes m*A-modified far-upstream elements to control polyadenylation site choice.Deficiency of CPSF30-L lengthens the 3'untranslated region of three phenotypes-related transcripts,thereby accelerating their mRNA degradation and leading to late flowering and ABA hypersensitivity.Collectively,this study uncovers a new molecular mechanism for m^(6)A-driven phase separation and polyadenylation in plants.
基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship of Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciencessupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.22225704,21820102008,92053109)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2019YFA0802201)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z200010)。
文摘The mRNA modification N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)plays vital roles in plant development and biotic and abiotic stress responses.The RNA m^(6)A demethylase ALKBH9 B can remove m^(6)A in alfalfa mosaic virus RNA and plays roles in alfalfa mosaic virus infection in Arabidopsis.However,it is unknown whether ALKBH9 B also exhibits demethylation activity and has a biological role in endogenous plant mRNA.We demonstrated here that mRNA m^(6)A modification is induced by the phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA)and that ALKBH9 B has m^(6)A demethylation activity on endogenous mRNA.Knocking out ALKBH9 B led to hypersensitivity to ABA treatment during seed germination and early seedling development.We further showed that ALKBH9 B removes the m^(6)A modification in the ABA INSENSITIVE 1(ABI1)and BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1(BES1)transcripts following ABA treatment,affecting the stability of these mRNAs.Furthermore,we determined that ALKBH9 B acts genetically upstream of the transcription factors ABI3 and ABI5,and its regulatory function in ABA responses depended on ABI3 and ABI5.Our findings reveal the important roles of the m^(6)A modification in ABA responses and highlight the role of ALKBH9 Bmediated m^(6)A demethylation in regulating ABA responses post-transcriptionally.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0405503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61805278)+1 种基金the Equipment Pre-Research Field Foundation(No.61404140304)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M633704).
文摘In order to meet the practical needs of all-fiber conductivity-temperature-depth sensors with high sensitivity,compact structure,and easy packaging,this Letter uses a microfiber coupler combined with fiber loop(MCFL)reflective photonic device to conduct salinity,temperature,and deep sensing experiments.These MCFLs’dynamic range and resolution of salinity,temperature,and depth can meet the requirements of actual marine environment monitoring.This structure opens up a new design idea for the practical research of microfiber coupler-based marine environmental parameter sensors.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(60907003)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(13JJ3001)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET)(NCET-12-0142)Foundation of NUDT(JC13-02-13)
文摘Based on the traditional directional coupler, we proposed a scheme to design on-chip polarization beam splitters using an inverse design method. In our scheme, the coupling area of the designed devices are only 0.48 μm× 6.4 μm. By manipulating the refractive index of the coupling region, the devices can work in C-band,L-band, O-band, or any other communication band. Different from conventional design methods, which need to adjust the design parameters artificially, if the initial conditions are determined, the proposed scheme can automatically adjust the design parameters of devices according to specific requirements. The simulation results show that the insertion losses of the designed polarization beam splitters can be less than 0.4 dB(0.35 dB) for TE(TM)mode at the wavelengths of 1310, 1550, and 1600 nm, and the extinction ratios are larger than 19.9 dB for the TE and TM modes at all three wavelengths. Besides, the extinction ratios of both polarization states are more than 14.5 dB within the wavelength range of 1286–1364 nm, 1497–1568 nm, and 1553–1634 nm. At the same time,the insertion losses are smaller than 0.46 dB.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0703700 and 2021YFA1200800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91964203 and 92164103)+1 种基金the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(Grant No.BNLMS202001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2042021kf0029).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors are emerging as promising candidates for the next-generation nanoelectronics.As a type of unique channel materials,2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs),such as MoS2 and WS2,exhibit great potential for the state-of-the-art fieldeffect transistors owing to their atomically thin thicknesses,dangling-band free surfaces,and abundant band structures.Even so,the device performances of 2D semiconducting TMDCs are still failing to reach the theoretical values so far,which is attributed to the intrinsic defects,excessive doping,and daunting contacts between electrodes and channels.In this article,we review the up-to-date three strategies for improving the device performances of 2D semiconducting TMDCs:(i)the controllable synthesis of wafer-scale 2D semiconducting TMDCs single crystals to reduce the evolution of grain boundaries,(ii)the ingenious doping of 2D semiconducting TMDCs to modulate the band structures and suppress the impurity scatterings,and(iii)the optimization design of interfacial contacts between electrodes and channels to reduce the Schottky barrier heights and contact resistances.In the end,the challenges regarding the improvement of device performances of 2D semiconducting TMDCs are highlighted,and the further research directions are also proposed.We believe that this review is comprehensive and insightful for downscaling the electronic devices and extending the Moore’s law.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(60907003)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(13JJ3001)+2 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET),China(NCET-12-0142)Danmarks Grundforskningsfond(DNRF)(DNRF123)China Scholarship Council(CSC)
文摘To achieve photon-pair generation scaling, we optimize the quality factor of microring resonators for efficient continuous-wave-pumped spontaneous four-wave mixing. Numerical studies indicate that a high intrinsic quality factor makes high pair rate and pair brightness possible, in which the maximums take place under overcoupling and critical-coupling conditions, respectively. We fabricate six all-pass-type microring resonator samples on a silicon-on-insulator chip involving gap width as the only degree of freedom. The signal count rate, pair brightness,and coincidence rate of all the samples are characterized, which are then compared with the modified simulations by taking the detector saturation and nonlinear loss into account. Being experimentally validated for the first time to the best of our knowledge, this work explicitly demonstrates that reducing the round-trip loss in a ring cavity and designing the corresponding optimized gap width are more effective to generate high-rate or high-brightness photon pairs than the conventional strategy of simply increasing the quality factor.
基金supported by the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation(Southwest Petroleum University,PLN2021-17)the Science and Technology Project of Southwest Petroleum University(2021JBGS08)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFSY0040)。
基金Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 61177058）, and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （No. 2011AA010302）.
文摘In this paper, a binary blazed grating-based polarization independent filter on silicon on insulator （SOI） under full conical incidence is presented. The properties of the grating filter are investigated by rigorous coupled-wave analysis. It＇s shown that the filter demonstrates high reflectivity （R 〉 99%） at its resonant wavelength, which stays the same under three different polarization states. It indicates that this grating filter is polarization-independent. The final data shows its polarization-dependent loss （PDL） is only 0.04 dB and the full width at half maximums （FWHMs） of the transverse electric （TE-） and transverse magnetic （TM-） polarized light are 0.24 and 0.46nm, respectively.
