Tactile sensors are one of the core components for intelligent robots to realize human-like tactile sensing functions.For the application scenarios of material classification and roughness recognition,an enhanced flex...Tactile sensors are one of the core components for intelligent robots to realize human-like tactile sensing functions.For the application scenarios of material classification and roughness recognition,an enhanced flexible triboelectric tactile sensor(FTTS)is proposed in this study.The FTTS is prepared based on a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator(SETENG),which generates the corresponding electrical signals by coming in contact with objects.To enhance the properties of the SE-TENG,the synergistic enhancement effect on the electrical output of the SE-TENG was explored by controlling the addition ratio of MXene and Carboxylated cellulose nanofibers(CNF-C).The charge-trapping mechanism of the chargetrapping layer was analyzed,and the effects of the type and thickness of the charge-trapping layer on the performance of the FTTS were systematically investigated.Inexpensive and simple fabricated braided microstructures were prepared using the template method,which showed the optimum capability in terms of self-cleaning and electrical output performance.With these improvements,the FTTS showed a voltage sensitivity of 2.88 V/10^(4)Pa in the pressure response range of 10-400 kPa,a linearity of 0.993,and a linear trend in the fitting curve.At the same time,the FTTS has a stable response frequency,fast response time,and extreme cycling stability(over 10000 cycles).In addition,in terms of roughness recognition,the FTTS can accurately recognize samples with different surface roughness.In terms of material classification,the accuracy of classifying 11materials with the visual geometry group(VGG)network reaches 96.08%.Based on these findings,FTTS-based tactile sensors offer diverse options in the future direction of electronic skin and tactile sensing.展开更多
Flexible wearable sensors with excellent electric response and self-powered capability have become an appealing hotspot for personal healthcare and human-machine interfaces.Here,based on triboelectric nanogenerator(TE...Flexible wearable sensors with excellent electric response and self-powered capability have become an appealing hotspot for personal healthcare and human-machine interfaces.Here,based on triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),a flexible self-powered tactile sensor composed of micro-frustum-arrays-structured polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)film/copper(Cu)electrodes,and poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-TrFE))nanofibers has been demonstrated.The TENG-based self-powered tactile sensor can generate electrical signals through the contact-separation process of two triboelectric layers under external mechanical stimuli.Due to the uniform and controllable micro-frustum-arrays structure fabricated by micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)process and the P(VDF-TrFE)nanofibers fabricated by electrostatic spinning,the flexible PDMS-based sensor presents high sensitivity of 2.97 V kPa^-1,stability of 40,000 cycles(no significant decay),response time of 60 ms at 1 Hz,low detection pressure of a water drop(~4 Pa,35 mg)and good linearity of 0.99231 in low pressure region.Since the PDMS film presents ultra-flexibility and excellent-biocompatibility,the sensor can be comfortably attached on human body.Furthermore,the tactile sensor can recognize various types of human body movements by the corresponding electrical signals.Therefore,the as-prepared TENGs are potential on the prospects of gesture detection,health assessment,human-machine interfaces and so on.展开更多
Designing stretchable and skin-conformal self-powered sensors for intelligent sensing and posture recognition is challenging.Here,based on a multi-force mixing and vulcanization process,as well as synergistically piez...Designing stretchable and skin-conformal self-powered sensors for intelligent sensing and posture recognition is challenging.Here,based on a multi-force mixing and vulcanization process,as well as synergistically piezoelectricity of BaTiO_(3)and polyacrylonitrile,an all-in-one,stretchable,and self-powered elastomer-based piezo-pressure sensor(ASPS)with high sensitivity is reported.The ASPS presents excellent sensitivity(0.93 V/104 Pa of voltage and 4.92 nA/104 Pa of current at a pressure of 10-200 kPa)and high durability(over 10,000 cycles).Moreover,the ASPS exhibits a wide measurement range,good linearity,rapid response time,and stable frequency response.All components were fabricated using silicone,affording satisfactory skinconformality for sensing postures.Through cooperation with a homemade circuit and artificial intelligence algorithm,an information processing strategy was proposed to realize intelligent sensing and recognition.The home-made circuit achieves the acquisition and wireless transmission of ASPS signals(transmission distance up to 50 m),and the algorithm realizes the classification and identification of ASPS signals(accuracy up to 99.5%).This study proposes not only a novel fabrication method for developing self-powered sensors,but also a new information processing strategy for intelligent sensing and recognition,which offers significant application potential in human-machine interaction,physiological analysis,and medical research.展开更多
Flexible pressure sensors have attracted great attention due to their potential in the wearable devices market and in particular in human-machine interactive interfaces.Pressure sensors with high sensitivity,wide meas...Flexible pressure sensors have attracted great attention due to their potential in the wearable devices market and in particular in human-machine interactive interfaces.Pressure sensors with high sensitivity,wide measurement range,and low-cost are now highly desired for such practical applications.In the present investigation,an ultrasensitive pressure sensor with wide measurement range has been successfully fabricated.Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)(uniformly sprayed on the surface of paper)comprise the sensitivity material,while lithographed interdigital electrodes comprise the substrate.Due to the synergistic effects of CNT’s high specific surface area,paper’s porous structure,interdigital electrodes’efficient contact with CNT,our pressure sensor realizes a wide measurement range from 0 to 140 kPa and exhibits excellent stability through 15,000 cycles of testing.For the paper-based CNT film/interdigitated structure(PCI)pressure sensor,the connection area between the sensitive material and interdigital electrodes dominates in the lowpressure region,while internal change within the sensitive materials plays the leading role in the high-pressure region.Additionally,the PCI pressure sensor not only displays a high sensitivity of 2.72 kPa–1(up to 35 kPa)but also can detect low pressures,such as that exerted by a resting mung bean(about 8 Pa).When attached to the surface of a human body,the pressure sensor can monitor physiological signals,such as wrist movement,pulse beats,or movement of throat muscles.Furthermore,the pressure sensor array can identify the spatial pressure distribution,with promising applications in humanmachine interactive interfaces.展开更多
Stretchable,skin-conformal,and self-powered wearable pressure sensors have garnered significant attention for use in human joint bending motion monitoring.Here,a piezo-triboelectric pressure sensor(P-TPS)based on trib...Stretchable,skin-conformal,and self-powered wearable pressure sensors have garnered significant attention for use in human joint bending motion monitoring.Here,a piezo-triboelectric pressure sensor(P-TPS)based on triboelectric nanogenerator and piezoelectric nanogenerator is demonstrated.The P-TPS can generate an enhanced electrical output by coupling the dual-mode triboelectrification and piezoelectric effect.The P-TPS shows high sensitivity(voltage=0.3 V/kPa;current=4.3 nA/kPa;pres-sure range=0-200 kPa),high linearity,and good stability.Furthermore,it demonstrates a wide mea-surement range(0-800 kPa),table frequency response,and fast response time.Additionally,all components of the P-TPS are fabricated using flexible and stretchable materials,affording satisfactory stretchability and excellent skin conformality.Owing to their ability to self-power,they can be attached to the outside of joints to monitor human joint bending movements in real time.Hence,this study provides a novel method of using a stretchable and skin-conformal piezo-triboelectric nanogenerator with high electrical performance as a self-powered pressure sensor,which offers significant potential in personalized recognition,medical research,and human machine interface.展开更多
Bionic tentacle sensors are important in various fields,including obstacle avoidance,human-machine interfaces,and soft robotics.However,most traditional tentacle sensors are based on rigid substrates,resulting in diff...Bionic tentacle sensors are important in various fields,including obstacle avoidance,human-machine interfaces,and soft robotics.However,most traditional tentacle sensors are based on rigid substrates,resulting in diffculty in detecting multidirectional forces originating from the external environment,which limits their application in complex environments.Herein,we proposed a high-sensitivity flexible bionic tentacle sensors(FBTSs).Specifically,the FBTS featured an ultrahigh sensitivity of 37.6 N-1 and an ultralow detection limit of 2.4 mN,which benefited from the design of a whisker-like signal amplifier and crossbeam architecture.Moreover,the FBTS exhibited favorable linearity(R^(2)=0.98)and remarkable durability(more than 5000 cycles).This was determined according to the improvement in the uniformity of the sensing layer through a high-shear dispersion process.In addition,the FBTS could accurately distinguish the direction of external stimuli,resulting in the FBTS achieving roughness recognition,wind speed detection and autonomous obstacle avoidance.In particular,the ability of autonomous obstacle avoidance was suitably demonstrated by leading a bionic rat through a maze with the FBTS.Notably,the proposed FBTS could be widely applied in tactile sensing,orientation perception,and obstacle avoidance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFE0120300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62171414,52175554,52205608,62171415,62001431)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant Nos.20210302123059,20210302124610)the Program for the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(Grant No.2020L0316)。
文摘Tactile sensors are one of the core components for intelligent robots to realize human-like tactile sensing functions.For the application scenarios of material classification and roughness recognition,an enhanced flexible triboelectric tactile sensor(FTTS)is proposed in this study.The FTTS is prepared based on a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator(SETENG),which generates the corresponding electrical signals by coming in contact with objects.To enhance the properties of the SE-TENG,the synergistic enhancement effect on the electrical output of the SE-TENG was explored by controlling the addition ratio of MXene and Carboxylated cellulose nanofibers(CNF-C).The charge-trapping mechanism of the chargetrapping layer was analyzed,and the effects of the type and thickness of the charge-trapping layer on the performance of the FTTS were systematically investigated.Inexpensive and simple fabricated braided microstructures were prepared using the template method,which showed the optimum capability in terms of self-cleaning and electrical output performance.With these improvements,the FTTS showed a voltage sensitivity of 2.88 V/10^(4)Pa in the pressure response range of 10-400 kPa,a linearity of 0.993,and a linear trend in the fitting curve.At the same time,the FTTS has a stable response frequency,fast response time,and extreme cycling stability(over 10000 cycles).In addition,in terms of roughness recognition,the FTTS can accurately recognize samples with different surface roughness.In terms of material classification,the accuracy of classifying 11materials with the visual geometry group(VGG)network reaches 96.08%.Based on these findings,FTTS-based tactile sensors offer diverse options in the future direction of electronic skin and tactile sensing.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51605449,51675493 and51705476)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFF0300605)+2 种基金Shanxi “1331 Project” Key Subject Construction(1331KSC)the Applied Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(201601D021070)Zhangjiakou Science and Technology Research and Development Plan of Zhangjiakou City(1811009B-10)
文摘Flexible wearable sensors with excellent electric response and self-powered capability have become an appealing hotspot for personal healthcare and human-machine interfaces.Here,based on triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),a flexible self-powered tactile sensor composed of micro-frustum-arrays-structured polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)film/copper(Cu)electrodes,and poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-TrFE))nanofibers has been demonstrated.The TENG-based self-powered tactile sensor can generate electrical signals through the contact-separation process of two triboelectric layers under external mechanical stimuli.Due to the uniform and controllable micro-frustum-arrays structure fabricated by micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)process and the P(VDF-TrFE)nanofibers fabricated by electrostatic spinning,the flexible PDMS-based sensor presents high sensitivity of 2.97 V kPa^-1,stability of 40,000 cycles(no significant decay),response time of 60 ms at 1 Hz,low detection pressure of a water drop(~4 Pa,35 mg)and good linearity of 0.99231 in low pressure region.Since the PDMS film presents ultra-flexibility and excellent-biocompatibility,the sensor can be comfortably attached on human body.Furthermore,the tactile sensor can recognize various types of human body movements by the corresponding electrical signals.Therefore,the as-prepared TENGs are potential on the prospects of gesture detection,health assessment,human-machine interfaces and so on.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62101513,51975542,52175554,and 62171414)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022TQ0230 and 2022M712324)+2 种基金Shanxi“1331 Project”Key Subject Construction(No.1331KSC)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.20210302124170)Young Academic Leaders of North University of China(No.11045501).
文摘Designing stretchable and skin-conformal self-powered sensors for intelligent sensing and posture recognition is challenging.Here,based on a multi-force mixing and vulcanization process,as well as synergistically piezoelectricity of BaTiO_(3)and polyacrylonitrile,an all-in-one,stretchable,and self-powered elastomer-based piezo-pressure sensor(ASPS)with high sensitivity is reported.The ASPS presents excellent sensitivity(0.93 V/104 Pa of voltage and 4.92 nA/104 Pa of current at a pressure of 10-200 kPa)and high durability(over 10,000 cycles).Moreover,the ASPS exhibits a wide measurement range,good linearity,rapid response time,and stable frequency response.All components were fabricated using silicone,affording satisfactory skinconformality for sensing postures.Through cooperation with a homemade circuit and artificial intelligence algorithm,an information processing strategy was proposed to realize intelligent sensing and recognition.The home-made circuit achieves the acquisition and wireless transmission of ASPS signals(transmission distance up to 50 m),and the algorithm realizes the classification and identification of ASPS signals(accuracy up to 99.5%).This study proposes not only a novel fabrication method for developing self-powered sensors,but also a new information processing strategy for intelligent sensing and recognition,which offers significant application potential in human-machine interaction,physiological analysis,and medical research.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51605449, 51675493 and 51705476)Shanxi “1331 Project” Key Subject Construction (1331KSC)
文摘Flexible pressure sensors have attracted great attention due to their potential in the wearable devices market and in particular in human-machine interactive interfaces.Pressure sensors with high sensitivity,wide measurement range,and low-cost are now highly desired for such practical applications.In the present investigation,an ultrasensitive pressure sensor with wide measurement range has been successfully fabricated.Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)(uniformly sprayed on the surface of paper)comprise the sensitivity material,while lithographed interdigital electrodes comprise the substrate.Due to the synergistic effects of CNT’s high specific surface area,paper’s porous structure,interdigital electrodes’efficient contact with CNT,our pressure sensor realizes a wide measurement range from 0 to 140 kPa and exhibits excellent stability through 15,000 cycles of testing.For the paper-based CNT film/interdigitated structure(PCI)pressure sensor,the connection area between the sensitive material and interdigital electrodes dominates in the lowpressure region,while internal change within the sensitive materials plays the leading role in the high-pressure region.Additionally,the PCI pressure sensor not only displays a high sensitivity of 2.72 kPa–1(up to 35 kPa)but also can detect low pressures,such as that exerted by a resting mung bean(about 8 Pa).When attached to the surface of a human body,the pressure sensor can monitor physiological signals,such as wrist movement,pulse beats,or movement of throat muscles.Furthermore,the pressure sensor array can identify the spatial pressure distribution,with promising applications in humanmachine interactive interfaces.
基金The authors acknowledgethe funding support fromthe National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFF0301802,2019YFB2004802,and 2018YFF0300605)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62101513,51975542)+2 种基金the Innovative Research Group Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(51821003)Shanxi“1331 Project”Key Subject Construction(1331KSC)Applied Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(201801D121152).
文摘Stretchable,skin-conformal,and self-powered wearable pressure sensors have garnered significant attention for use in human joint bending motion monitoring.Here,a piezo-triboelectric pressure sensor(P-TPS)based on triboelectric nanogenerator and piezoelectric nanogenerator is demonstrated.The P-TPS can generate an enhanced electrical output by coupling the dual-mode triboelectrification and piezoelectric effect.The P-TPS shows high sensitivity(voltage=0.3 V/kPa;current=4.3 nA/kPa;pres-sure range=0-200 kPa),high linearity,and good stability.Furthermore,it demonstrates a wide mea-surement range(0-800 kPa),table frequency response,and fast response time.Additionally,all components of the P-TPS are fabricated using flexible and stretchable materials,affording satisfactory stretchability and excellent skin conformality.Owing to their ability to self-power,they can be attached to the outside of joints to monitor human joint bending movements in real time.Hence,this study provides a novel method of using a stretchable and skin-conformal piezo-triboelectric nanogenerator with high electrical performance as a self-powered pressure sensor,which offers significant potential in personalized recognition,medical research,and human machine interface.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52205608,62171414,U2341210,52175554)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021223008,20210302123059,20210302124610)the National Defense Fundamental Research Project.
文摘Bionic tentacle sensors are important in various fields,including obstacle avoidance,human-machine interfaces,and soft robotics.However,most traditional tentacle sensors are based on rigid substrates,resulting in diffculty in detecting multidirectional forces originating from the external environment,which limits their application in complex environments.Herein,we proposed a high-sensitivity flexible bionic tentacle sensors(FBTSs).Specifically,the FBTS featured an ultrahigh sensitivity of 37.6 N-1 and an ultralow detection limit of 2.4 mN,which benefited from the design of a whisker-like signal amplifier and crossbeam architecture.Moreover,the FBTS exhibited favorable linearity(R^(2)=0.98)and remarkable durability(more than 5000 cycles).This was determined according to the improvement in the uniformity of the sensing layer through a high-shear dispersion process.In addition,the FBTS could accurately distinguish the direction of external stimuli,resulting in the FBTS achieving roughness recognition,wind speed detection and autonomous obstacle avoidance.In particular,the ability of autonomous obstacle avoidance was suitably demonstrated by leading a bionic rat through a maze with the FBTS.Notably,the proposed FBTS could be widely applied in tactile sensing,orientation perception,and obstacle avoidance.
