Hard carbon (HC) is perceived as an anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries due to its disordered structure and cost-effectiveness,yet its capacity is restricted by limited active sites.He...Hard carbon (HC) is perceived as an anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries due to its disordered structure and cost-effectiveness,yet its capacity is restricted by limited active sites.Heteroatom-induced defect engineering of HC is commonly applied for enhancing its reversible capacity,but high heteroatom doping (>14 at%) is challenging due to the absence of heteroatoms in most biomasses.Not only that,the heteroatom doping strategy is also bothered with high diffusion barriers toward Na^(+)/K^(+).Herein,based on a rationally selected low-cost precursor (sodium alginateDmelamineDNaCl),a new HC with high-level N,O heteroatom dopants (21.4 at%) and well-regulated porous structure has been constructed via acylating and controllable pore engineering.Experimental proof and theoretical calculations have been conducted to clarify the influence of heteroatom dopants and porous structures on the ion storage behavior of the designed HC.The rich N,O co-doping could enable efficient Na+/K+adsorption and enhanced electron transfer behavior.Besides,benefiting from the hierarchical porous structures (micro to macropores),the interfacial reaction kinetics and electrochemical behavior can be boosted.Particularly,the optimized N,O dualdoped hierarchical porous HC (NO-HPHC-1,0.285 mol L-1NaCl in precursor) with abundant defects from macropores and moderate micropores make it exhibit excellent Na^(+)storage:127 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)even after 2000 cycles.Meanwhile,the superiority of NO-HPHC-1 can be well maintained for K^(+)storage with a reversible capacity of 199 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1).More importantly,the diverse Na^(+)/K^(+)storage behaviors have been elucidated.展开更多
Recent evidence suggests that admission hypergly- cemia has deleterious effects on the survival and functional outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）. In this study, we first induced acute hyperglyc...Recent evidence suggests that admission hypergly- cemia has deleterious effects on the survival and functional outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）. In this study, we first induced acute hyperglycemia in male adult Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% glucose （6 mL/kg）, and created the ICH model thereafter by delivering autologous whole blood or homologous normal- glucose blood into the right basal ganglia. Twenty- four hours later, we assessed the neurological injury, evaluated the hematoma and brain water content, and investigated autophagy. We found elevations of neurological deficit scores, brain water content, and microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 （LC3） and beclin-1 protein levels, and decreased SQSTM1/ p62 levels after ICH with normal-glucose blood （without hyperglycemia）. Acute hyperglycemia with ICH of high-glucose blood hematoma was associated with significantly increased forelimb-use asymmetry test scores, brain water content and SQSTM1/p62 protein levels, and evident decreases in the ratio of LC3-11/LC3-1 and beclin-1 protein levels. On the other hand, acute hyperglycemia and ICH with normal- glucose blood hematoma only slightly increased the neurological deficit scores and brain water content （P 〉0.05）. In conclusion, the autophagy pathway was activated after ICH, and acute hyperglycemia with hematoma of high-glucose blood exacerbates the neurological injury, and reduces autophagy around the hematoma.展开更多
AIM： To screen the immunogenic membrane proteins of Shigella Aexneri 2a 2457T. METHODS： The routine two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （2-DE） and Western blotting were combined to screen immunogeni...AIM： To screen the immunogenic membrane proteins of Shigella Aexneri 2a 2457T. METHODS： The routine two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （2-DE） and Western blotting were combined to screen immunogenic proteins of S. Aexneri 2a 2457T. Serum was gained from rabbits immunized with the same bacteria. Immunogenic spots were cut out from the polyacrylamide gel and digested by trypsin in-gel. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） was performed to determine the molecular weight of peptides. Electrospray ionization （ESI-MS/MS） was performed to determine the sequences of the interesting peptides. RESULTS： A total of 20 spots were successfully identified from Coomassie brilliant blue stained gels representing 13 protein entries, 5 known antigens and 8 novel antigens. A hypothetical protein （YaeT） was detected, which might be a candidate target of vaccine. CONCLUSION： Membrane proteins of S. flexneri 2a 2457T were successfully observed by 2-DE. Several known and novel antigens were identified by mass spectrum.展开更多
Accompanying the beneficial improvement in litter size from genetic selection for high-prolificacy sows, within-litter variation in birth weight has increased with detrimental effects on post-natal growth and survival...Accompanying the beneficial improvement in litter size from genetic selection for high-prolificacy sows, within-litter variation in birth weight has increased with detrimental effects on post-natal growth and survival due to an increase in the proportion of piglets with low birth-weight. Causes of within-litter variation in birth weight include breed characteristics that affect uterine space, ovulation rate, degree of maturation of oocytes, duration of time required for ovulation, interval between ovulation and fertilization, uterine capacity for implantation and placentation, size and efficiency of placental transport of nutrients, communication between conceptus/fetus and maternal systems, as well as nutritional status and environmental influences during gestation. Because these factors contribute to within-litter variation in birth weight, nutritional status of the sow to improve fetal-placental development must focus on the following three important stages in the reproductive cycle： pre-mating or weaning to estrus, early gestation and late gestation. The goal is to increase the homogeneity of development of oocytes and conceptuses, decrease variations in conceptus development during implantation and placentation, and improve birth weights of newborn piglets. Though some progress has been made in nutritional regulation of within-litter variation in the birth weight of piglets, additional studies, with a focus on and insights into molecular mechanisms of reproductive physiology from the aspects of maternal growth and offspring development, as well as their regulation by nutrients provided to the sow, are urgently needed.展开更多
An annealed Inconel 718 alloy was surface-treated by pulsed laser at three different powers（100, 50 and 25 W）. Microstructural changes induced by the laser treatments were characterized by use of electron backscatte...An annealed Inconel 718 alloy was surface-treated by pulsed laser at three different powers（100, 50 and 25 W）. Microstructural changes induced by the laser treatments were characterized by use of electron backscatter diffraction and electron channeling contrast imaging techniques. Results show that both annealing twins and strengthening precipitates profusely existing in the as-received specimen are dissolved at elevated temperatures during the laser irradiation. Meanwhile, in the melting zone（MZ）, densities of low angle boundaries（LABs） are greatly increased with a large number of Laves phases preferentially distributed along such LABs. For different specimens, widths and depths of their MZs are found to be gradually reduced with decreasing the laser powers. Orientation analyses reveal that the columnar grains in the MZ of the 100 W specimen could inherit orientations existing in the matrix while lower laser powers promote the formation of more nuclei with scattered orientations to grow to be granular grains in the MZ. Hardness tests reveal that the MZs of all laser-treated specimens are softer than the matrix probably due to both precipitate dissolution and grain coarsening.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tooth avulsion is one of the most severe types of dental trauma.Most avulsed teeth undergo long-term ankylosis and replacement resorption after delayed reimplantation and exhibit a poor prognosis.The aim of...BACKGROUND Tooth avulsion is one of the most severe types of dental trauma.Most avulsed teeth undergo long-term ankylosis and replacement resorption after delayed reimplantation and exhibit a poor prognosis.The aim of this work was to improve the success rate of avulsed teeth after delayed reimplantation using autologous platelet-rich fibrin(PRF).CASE SUMMARY Case 1 was a 14-year-old boy who fell and knocked out his left upper central incisor 18 h prior to his arrival at the department.The diagnoses were avulsion of tooth 21,lateral luxation of tooth 11 and alveolar fracture of teeth 11 and 21.In case 2,a 17-year-old boy fell 2 h prior to his presentation to the hospital,and his left upper lateral incisor was completely knocked out of the alveolar socket.The diagnoses included avulsion of tooth 22,complicated crown fracture of tooth 11and complicated crown-root fracture of tooth 21.The avulsed teeth were reimplanted along with autologous PRF granules and splinted using a semiflexible titanium preshaped labial arch.The root canals of the avulsed teeth were filled with calcium hydroxide paste,and root canal filling was performed 4 wk after reimplantation.The reimplanted teeth showed no symptoms of inflammatory root resorption or ankylosis at the 3-,6-,and 12-mo follow-up examinations after reimplantation with autologous PRF.In addition to the avulsed teeth,the other injured teeth were treated using corresponding conventional treatment methods.CONCLUSION These cases provide examples of the successful use of PRF to reduce pathological root resorption of the avulsed teeth,and the application of PRF may provide new healing opportunities for traditionally“hopeless”avulsed teeth.展开更多
BACKGROUND At present,understanding of the most effective ventilation methods for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients experiencing acute worsening symptoms and respiratory failure remains rela...BACKGROUND At present,understanding of the most effective ventilation methods for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients experiencing acute worsening symptoms and respiratory failure remains relatively limited.This report analyzed the efficiency and side effects of various ventilation techniques used for individuals experiencing an acute COPD exacerbation.AIM To determine whether pressure-controlled ventilation(PCV)can lower peak airway pressures(PAPs)and reduce the incidence of barotrauma compared to volume-controlled ventilation(VCV),without compromising clinical outcomes and oxygenation parameters.METHODS We have evaluated 600 patients who were hospitalized due to a severe COPD exacerbation,with 400 receiving mechanical ventilation for the respiratory failure.The participants were divided into two different groups,who were administered either VCV or PCV,along with appropriate management.We thereafter observed patients'attributes,clinical factors,and laboratory,radiographic,and arterial blood gas evaluations at the start and during their stay in the intensive care unit(ICU).We have also employed appropriate statistical methods for the data analysis.RESULTS Both the VCV and PCV groups experienced significant enhancements in the respiratory rate,tidal volume,and arterial blood gas values during their time in the ICU.However,no significant distinctions were detected between the groups in terms of oxygenation indices(partial pressures of oxygen/raction of inspired oxygen ratio)and partial pressures of carbon dioxide improvements.There was no considerable disparity observed between the VCV and PCV groups in the hospital mortality(32%vs 28%,P=0.53),the number of days of ICU stay[median interquartile range(IQR):9(6-14)d vs 8(5-13)d,P=0.41],or the duration of the mechanical ventilation[median(IQR):6(4-10)d vs 5(3-9)d,P=0.47].The PCV group displayed lower PAPs compared to the VCV group(P<0.05)from the beginning of mechanical ventilation until extubation or ICU departure.The occurrence of barotrauma was considerably lower in the PCV group in comparison to the VCV group(6%vs 16%,P=0.03).CONCLUSION Both VCV and PCV were found to be effective in treating patients with acute COPD exacerbation.However,PCV was associated with lower PAPs and a significant decrease in barotrauma,thus indicating that it might be a safer ventilation method for this group of patients.However,further large-scale study is necessary to confirm these findings and to identify the best ventilation approach for patients experiencing an acute COPD exacerbation.展开更多
BACKGROUND The birth of large-for-gestational-age(LGA)infants is associated with many shortterm adverse pregnancy outcomes.It has been observed that the proportion of LGA infants born to pregnant women with gestationa...BACKGROUND The birth of large-for-gestational-age(LGA)infants is associated with many shortterm adverse pregnancy outcomes.It has been observed that the proportion of LGA infants born to pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is significantly higher than that born to healthy pregnant women.However,traditional methods for the diagnosis of LGA have limitations.Therefore,this study aims to establish a predictive model that can effectively identify women with GDM who are at risk of delivering LGA infants.AIM To develop and validate a nomogram prediction model of delivering LGA infants among pregnant women with GDM,and provide strategies for the effective prevention and timely intervention of LGA.METHODS The multivariable prediction model was developed by carrying out the following steps.First,the variables that were associated with LGA risk in pregnant women with GDM were screened by univariate analyses,for which the P value was<0.10.Subsequently,Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was fit using ten cross-validations,and the optimal combination factors were se-lected by choosing lambda 1se as the criterion.The final predictors were deter-mined by multiple backward stepwise logistic regression analysis,in which only the independent variables were associated with LGA risk,with a P value<0.05.Finally,a risk prediction model was established and subsequently evaluated by using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,calibration curve and decision curve analyses.RESULTS After using a multistep screening method,we establish a predictive model.Several risk factors for delivering an LGA infant were identified(P<0.01),including weight gain during pregnancy,parity,triglyceride-glucose index,free tetraiodothyronine level,abdominal circumference,alanine transaminase-aspartate aminotransferase ratio and weight at 24 gestational weeks.The nomogram’s prediction ability was supported by the area under the curve(0.703,0.709,and 0.699 for the training cohort,validation cohort,and test cohort,respectively).The calibration curves of the three cohorts displayed good agreement.The decision curve showed that the use of the 10%-60%threshold for identifying pregnant women with GDM who are at risk of delivering an LGA infant would result in a positive net benefit.CONCLUSION Our nomogram incorporated easily accessible risk factors,facilitating individualized prediction of pregnant women with GDM who are likely to deliver an LGA infant.展开更多
Acetaminophen(APAP),the most frequently used mild analgesic and antipyretic drug worldwide,is implicated in causing 46%of all acute liver failures in the USA and between 40%and 70%in Europe.The predominant pharmacolog...Acetaminophen(APAP),the most frequently used mild analgesic and antipyretic drug worldwide,is implicated in causing 46%of all acute liver failures in the USA and between 40%and 70%in Europe.The predominant pharmacological intervention approved for mitigating such overdose is the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine(NAC);however,its efficacy is limited in cases of advanced liver injury or when administered at a late stage.In the current study,we discovered that treatment with a moderate intensity static magnetic field(SMF)notably reduced the mortality rate in mice subjected to high-dose APAP from 40%to 0%,proving effective at both the initial liver injury stage and the subsequent recovery stage.During the early phase of liver injury,SMF markedly reduced APAPinduced oxidative stress,free radicals,and liver damage,resulting in a reduction in multiple oxidative stress markers and an increase in the antioxidant glutathione(GSH).During the later stage of liver recovery,application of vertically downward SMF increased DNA synthesis and hepatocyte proliferation.Moreover,the combination of NAC and SMF significantly mitigated liver damage induced by high-dose APAP and increased liver recovery,even 24 h post overdose,when the effectiveness of NAC alone substantially declines.Overall,this study provides a noninvasive non-pharmaceutical tool that offers dual benefits in the injury and repair stages following APAP overdose.Of note,this tool can work as an alternative to or in combination with NAC to prevent or minimize liver damage induced by APAP,and potentially other toxic overdoses.展开更多
We utilize molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the microstructures of ions and polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions under external electric fields.By focusing on the multi-body interactions between ionic co...We utilize molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the microstructures of ions and polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions under external electric fields.By focusing on the multi-body interactions between ionic components and H_(2)O molecules,as well as their responses to the external electric fields,we clarify several nontrivial molecular features of the ionic and polyelectrolyte solutions,such as the solvations of cations and anions,clustering of the ions,and dispersions/aggregations of polyelectrolyte chains,as well as the corresponding responses of H_(2)O molecules in these contexts.Our simulations illustrate the variations in structures of ionic solutions caused by reversing the charge sign of the ions,and elucidate the disparity in structures between anionic and cationic polyelectrolyte solutions in the presence of the external electric fields.This work clarifies the mechanism for the alternations in complex multi-body interactions in aqueous solutions caused by the application electric field,which can contribute to the fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical natures of ion-containing and charged polymeric systems.展开更多
This article mainly introduced novel carrier-modified methods for active targeting antitumor preparation as well as their evaluation methodology in recent years. By reviewing related domestic and overseas literatures,...This article mainly introduced novel carrier-modified methods for active targeting antitumor preparation as well as their evaluation methodology in recent years. By reviewing related domestic and overseas literatures, the up-to-date scientific researches concerning active targeting antitumor preparation were elaborated and the problems existing in present studies were discussed. Numerous valid vector- embellished methods had been discovered with excellent targeting effects, and the significant progress was acquired for the evaluation tools in vitroand in vivo. The active targeting agent would be a major direction in prospective tumor or cancer therapeutic regimen.展开更多
Objective To study the antidiabetic and anti-oxidative effects of honokiol （Hon） in Magnolia officinalis and its underlying molecular mechanism in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet （HFD） and streptozotocin （...Objective To study the antidiabetic and anti-oxidative effects of honokiol （Hon） in Magnolia officinalis and its underlying molecular mechanism in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet （HFD） and streptozotocin （STZ）. Methods After ig administration with Hon [25, 50, and 100 mg/（kg.d）] to diabetic rats for consecutive 10 weeks, the levels of blood glucose （BG）, oral glucose tolerance （OGT）, blood lipids including total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol （HDL-C）, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol （LDL-C）, hepatic oxidative stress including the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde （MDA）, and cytochrome P4502E1 （CYP2E1） in diabetic rats were measured. Results Compared to the diabetic control rats, ig administration of Hon resulted in significant decrease in BC, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in serum, as well as hepatic CYP2E] activity and MDA content in diabetic rats, whereas the level of OGT and activities of hepatic CAT, SOD, and CSH-Px in diabetic rats were significantly increased. Conclusion Hon could alleviate hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, hepatic oxidative damage, and insulin resistance in diabetic rats by inhibiting hepatic CYP2E1 activity.展开更多
Strychnos nux-vomica L.has been frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine but has high acute toxicity.It is commonly taken with Glycyrrhizae radix to decrease its toxicity but the mechanism of this interaction i...Strychnos nux-vomica L.has been frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine but has high acute toxicity.It is commonly taken with Glycyrrhizae radix to decrease its toxicity but the mechanism of this interaction is unknown.In this work,the mRNA expression and the activity of four cytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes representative of four subfamilies(CYP1A,CYP3A,CYP2C and CYP2E)were determined ex vivo in rat livers from groups of Wistar rats orally administered strychnine hydrochloride(SH)at three doses(0.1,0.3 and 0.9 mg/kg/day)alone and,at the highest dose,in combination with glycyrrhetinic acid(GA,25 mg/kg/day)or liquiritin(LQ,20 mg/kg/day)once a day for 7 consecutive days.Compared to control,the mRNA expressions of CYP3A1,1A2 and 2E1 were higher in rats receiving the highest dose of SH but lower for CYP3A1 and CYP2E1 in rats receiving the SH+GA and SH+LQ combinations.CYP2E1 activity was higher and CYP2C,CYP3A and CYP1A2 activities were lower in rats receiving the highest dose of SH.In contrast CYP1A2 and CYP2C activities were higher and CYP2E1 and CYP3A activities lower in rats receiving the SH+GA combination.CYP2E1 and CYP3A activities were also lower in rats receiving the SH+LQ combination.The results show that treatment with SH for 7 days affects the expression and the activity of CYP enzymes and that coadministration of GA and LQ modulates these effects.This modulation may explain the role of Glycyrrhizae radix in reducing the acute toxicity of Strychnos nux-vomica L.CYPs enzymes.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072193,U22A20131,U22A20250,and 52361165657)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2021JQ16 and ZR2023YQ040)the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(No.KF2217)
文摘Hard carbon (HC) is perceived as an anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries due to its disordered structure and cost-effectiveness,yet its capacity is restricted by limited active sites.Heteroatom-induced defect engineering of HC is commonly applied for enhancing its reversible capacity,but high heteroatom doping (>14 at%) is challenging due to the absence of heteroatoms in most biomasses.Not only that,the heteroatom doping strategy is also bothered with high diffusion barriers toward Na^(+)/K^(+).Herein,based on a rationally selected low-cost precursor (sodium alginateDmelamineDNaCl),a new HC with high-level N,O heteroatom dopants (21.4 at%) and well-regulated porous structure has been constructed via acylating and controllable pore engineering.Experimental proof and theoretical calculations have been conducted to clarify the influence of heteroatom dopants and porous structures on the ion storage behavior of the designed HC.The rich N,O co-doping could enable efficient Na+/K+adsorption and enhanced electron transfer behavior.Besides,benefiting from the hierarchical porous structures (micro to macropores),the interfacial reaction kinetics and electrochemical behavior can be boosted.Particularly,the optimized N,O dualdoped hierarchical porous HC (NO-HPHC-1,0.285 mol L-1NaCl in precursor) with abundant defects from macropores and moderate micropores make it exhibit excellent Na^(+)storage:127 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)even after 2000 cycles.Meanwhile,the superiority of NO-HPHC-1 can be well maintained for K^(+)storage with a reversible capacity of 199 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1).More importantly,the diverse Na^(+)/K^(+)storage behaviors have been elucidated.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30600195)
文摘Recent evidence suggests that admission hypergly- cemia has deleterious effects on the survival and functional outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）. In this study, we first induced acute hyperglycemia in male adult Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% glucose （6 mL/kg）, and created the ICH model thereafter by delivering autologous whole blood or homologous normal- glucose blood into the right basal ganglia. Twenty- four hours later, we assessed the neurological injury, evaluated the hematoma and brain water content, and investigated autophagy. We found elevations of neurological deficit scores, brain water content, and microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 （LC3） and beclin-1 protein levels, and decreased SQSTM1/ p62 levels after ICH with normal-glucose blood （without hyperglycemia）. Acute hyperglycemia with ICH of high-glucose blood hematoma was associated with significantly increased forelimb-use asymmetry test scores, brain water content and SQSTM1/p62 protein levels, and evident decreases in the ratio of LC3-11/LC3-1 and beclin-1 protein levels. On the other hand, acute hyperglycemia and ICH with normal- glucose blood hematoma only slightly increased the neurological deficit scores and brain water content （P 〉0.05）. In conclusion, the autophagy pathway was activated after ICH, and acute hyperglycemia with hematoma of high-glucose blood exacerbates the neurological injury, and reduces autophagy around the hematoma.
基金Supported by the Capital "248" Key Innovation Project, No. H010210360119, State Basic Research Development Program of China No. 973 Program, G1999054103 and 2005CB22904 and National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 30470101
文摘AIM： To screen the immunogenic membrane proteins of Shigella Aexneri 2a 2457T. METHODS： The routine two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （2-DE） and Western blotting were combined to screen immunogenic proteins of S. Aexneri 2a 2457T. Serum was gained from rabbits immunized with the same bacteria. Immunogenic spots were cut out from the polyacrylamide gel and digested by trypsin in-gel. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） was performed to determine the molecular weight of peptides. Electrospray ionization （ESI-MS/MS） was performed to determine the sequences of the interesting peptides. RESULTS： A total of 20 spots were successfully identified from Coomassie brilliant blue stained gels representing 13 protein entries, 5 known antigens and 8 novel antigens. A hypothetical protein （YaeT） was detected, which might be a candidate target of vaccine. CONCLUSION： Membrane proteins of S. flexneri 2a 2457T were successfully observed by 2-DE. Several known and novel antigens were identified by mass spectrum.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2012CB124703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31129006,31272449,and 31422052)
文摘Accompanying the beneficial improvement in litter size from genetic selection for high-prolificacy sows, within-litter variation in birth weight has increased with detrimental effects on post-natal growth and survival due to an increase in the proportion of piglets with low birth-weight. Causes of within-litter variation in birth weight include breed characteristics that affect uterine space, ovulation rate, degree of maturation of oocytes, duration of time required for ovulation, interval between ovulation and fertilization, uterine capacity for implantation and placentation, size and efficiency of placental transport of nutrients, communication between conceptus/fetus and maternal systems, as well as nutritional status and environmental influences during gestation. Because these factors contribute to within-litter variation in birth weight, nutritional status of the sow to improve fetal-placental development must focus on the following three important stages in the reproductive cycle： pre-mating or weaning to estrus, early gestation and late gestation. The goal is to increase the homogeneity of development of oocytes and conceptuses, decrease variations in conceptus development during implantation and placentation, and improve birth weights of newborn piglets. Though some progress has been made in nutritional regulation of within-litter variation in the birth weight of piglets, additional studies, with a focus on and insights into molecular mechanisms of reproductive physiology from the aspects of maternal growth and offspring development, as well as their regulation by nutrients provided to the sow, are urgently needed.
基金Project(CSTC2015ZDCY-ZTZX50002) supported by the Innovation Program of Common and Key Technologies in Major Industries of Chongqing,China
文摘An annealed Inconel 718 alloy was surface-treated by pulsed laser at three different powers（100, 50 and 25 W）. Microstructural changes induced by the laser treatments were characterized by use of electron backscatter diffraction and electron channeling contrast imaging techniques. Results show that both annealing twins and strengthening precipitates profusely existing in the as-received specimen are dissolved at elevated temperatures during the laser irradiation. Meanwhile, in the melting zone（MZ）, densities of low angle boundaries（LABs） are greatly increased with a large number of Laves phases preferentially distributed along such LABs. For different specimens, widths and depths of their MZs are found to be gradually reduced with decreasing the laser powers. Orientation analyses reveal that the columnar grains in the MZ of the 100 W specimen could inherit orientations existing in the matrix while lower laser powers promote the formation of more nuclei with scattered orientations to grow to be granular grains in the MZ. Hardness tests reveal that the MZs of all laser-treated specimens are softer than the matrix probably due to both precipitate dissolution and grain coarsening.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31971248National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Project of Military Stomatology,No.LCA202007。
文摘BACKGROUND Tooth avulsion is one of the most severe types of dental trauma.Most avulsed teeth undergo long-term ankylosis and replacement resorption after delayed reimplantation and exhibit a poor prognosis.The aim of this work was to improve the success rate of avulsed teeth after delayed reimplantation using autologous platelet-rich fibrin(PRF).CASE SUMMARY Case 1 was a 14-year-old boy who fell and knocked out his left upper central incisor 18 h prior to his arrival at the department.The diagnoses were avulsion of tooth 21,lateral luxation of tooth 11 and alveolar fracture of teeth 11 and 21.In case 2,a 17-year-old boy fell 2 h prior to his presentation to the hospital,and his left upper lateral incisor was completely knocked out of the alveolar socket.The diagnoses included avulsion of tooth 22,complicated crown fracture of tooth 11and complicated crown-root fracture of tooth 21.The avulsed teeth were reimplanted along with autologous PRF granules and splinted using a semiflexible titanium preshaped labial arch.The root canals of the avulsed teeth were filled with calcium hydroxide paste,and root canal filling was performed 4 wk after reimplantation.The reimplanted teeth showed no symptoms of inflammatory root resorption or ankylosis at the 3-,6-,and 12-mo follow-up examinations after reimplantation with autologous PRF.In addition to the avulsed teeth,the other injured teeth were treated using corresponding conventional treatment methods.CONCLUSION These cases provide examples of the successful use of PRF to reduce pathological root resorption of the avulsed teeth,and the application of PRF may provide new healing opportunities for traditionally“hopeless”avulsed teeth.
文摘BACKGROUND At present,understanding of the most effective ventilation methods for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients experiencing acute worsening symptoms and respiratory failure remains relatively limited.This report analyzed the efficiency and side effects of various ventilation techniques used for individuals experiencing an acute COPD exacerbation.AIM To determine whether pressure-controlled ventilation(PCV)can lower peak airway pressures(PAPs)and reduce the incidence of barotrauma compared to volume-controlled ventilation(VCV),without compromising clinical outcomes and oxygenation parameters.METHODS We have evaluated 600 patients who were hospitalized due to a severe COPD exacerbation,with 400 receiving mechanical ventilation for the respiratory failure.The participants were divided into two different groups,who were administered either VCV or PCV,along with appropriate management.We thereafter observed patients'attributes,clinical factors,and laboratory,radiographic,and arterial blood gas evaluations at the start and during their stay in the intensive care unit(ICU).We have also employed appropriate statistical methods for the data analysis.RESULTS Both the VCV and PCV groups experienced significant enhancements in the respiratory rate,tidal volume,and arterial blood gas values during their time in the ICU.However,no significant distinctions were detected between the groups in terms of oxygenation indices(partial pressures of oxygen/raction of inspired oxygen ratio)and partial pressures of carbon dioxide improvements.There was no considerable disparity observed between the VCV and PCV groups in the hospital mortality(32%vs 28%,P=0.53),the number of days of ICU stay[median interquartile range(IQR):9(6-14)d vs 8(5-13)d,P=0.41],or the duration of the mechanical ventilation[median(IQR):6(4-10)d vs 5(3-9)d,P=0.47].The PCV group displayed lower PAPs compared to the VCV group(P<0.05)from the beginning of mechanical ventilation until extubation or ICU departure.The occurrence of barotrauma was considerably lower in the PCV group in comparison to the VCV group(6%vs 16%,P=0.03).CONCLUSION Both VCV and PCV were found to be effective in treating patients with acute COPD exacerbation.However,PCV was associated with lower PAPs and a significant decrease in barotrauma,thus indicating that it might be a safer ventilation method for this group of patients.However,further large-scale study is necessary to confirm these findings and to identify the best ventilation approach for patients experiencing an acute COPD exacerbation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81870546Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation,No.YKK23151Science and Technology Development Foundation Item of Nanjing Medical University,No.NMUB20210117.
文摘BACKGROUND The birth of large-for-gestational-age(LGA)infants is associated with many shortterm adverse pregnancy outcomes.It has been observed that the proportion of LGA infants born to pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is significantly higher than that born to healthy pregnant women.However,traditional methods for the diagnosis of LGA have limitations.Therefore,this study aims to establish a predictive model that can effectively identify women with GDM who are at risk of delivering LGA infants.AIM To develop and validate a nomogram prediction model of delivering LGA infants among pregnant women with GDM,and provide strategies for the effective prevention and timely intervention of LGA.METHODS The multivariable prediction model was developed by carrying out the following steps.First,the variables that were associated with LGA risk in pregnant women with GDM were screened by univariate analyses,for which the P value was<0.10.Subsequently,Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was fit using ten cross-validations,and the optimal combination factors were se-lected by choosing lambda 1se as the criterion.The final predictors were deter-mined by multiple backward stepwise logistic regression analysis,in which only the independent variables were associated with LGA risk,with a P value<0.05.Finally,a risk prediction model was established and subsequently evaluated by using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,calibration curve and decision curve analyses.RESULTS After using a multistep screening method,we establish a predictive model.Several risk factors for delivering an LGA infant were identified(P<0.01),including weight gain during pregnancy,parity,triglyceride-glucose index,free tetraiodothyronine level,abdominal circumference,alanine transaminase-aspartate aminotransferase ratio and weight at 24 gestational weeks.The nomogram’s prediction ability was supported by the area under the curve(0.703,0.709,and 0.699 for the training cohort,validation cohort,and test cohort,respectively).The calibration curves of the three cohorts displayed good agreement.The decision curve showed that the use of the 10%-60%threshold for identifying pregnant women with GDM who are at risk of delivering an LGA infant would result in a positive net benefit.CONCLUSION Our nomogram incorporated easily accessible risk factors,facilitating individualized prediction of pregnant women with GDM who are likely to deliver an LGA infant.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3507004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20148)+5 种基金International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(116134KYSB20210052)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2308085QE183,2308085QE181)CASHIPS Director’s Fund(YZJJ2024QN44,YZJJ2023QN43)Heye Health Technology Chong Ming Project(HYCMP2021010)China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(2023M743536)Science Research Fund for Postdoctoral in Anhui Province(2023B669)。
文摘Acetaminophen(APAP),the most frequently used mild analgesic and antipyretic drug worldwide,is implicated in causing 46%of all acute liver failures in the USA and between 40%and 70%in Europe.The predominant pharmacological intervention approved for mitigating such overdose is the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine(NAC);however,its efficacy is limited in cases of advanced liver injury or when administered at a late stage.In the current study,we discovered that treatment with a moderate intensity static magnetic field(SMF)notably reduced the mortality rate in mice subjected to high-dose APAP from 40%to 0%,proving effective at both the initial liver injury stage and the subsequent recovery stage.During the early phase of liver injury,SMF markedly reduced APAPinduced oxidative stress,free radicals,and liver damage,resulting in a reduction in multiple oxidative stress markers and an increase in the antioxidant glutathione(GSH).During the later stage of liver recovery,application of vertically downward SMF increased DNA synthesis and hepatocyte proliferation.Moreover,the combination of NAC and SMF significantly mitigated liver damage induced by high-dose APAP and increased liver recovery,even 24 h post overdose,when the effectiveness of NAC alone substantially declines.Overall,this study provides a noninvasive non-pharmaceutical tool that offers dual benefits in the injury and repair stages following APAP overdose.Of note,this tool can work as an alternative to or in combination with NAC to prevent or minimize liver damage induced by APAP,and potentially other toxic overdoses.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects for Independent Innovation of China FAW Group Co., Ltd. (No. 20220301018GX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 9237210012, 22073094 and 21474109)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province (Nos. 20240602003RC and 20210402059GH)the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers (Fudan University) (No. K2023-08)the Program for Young Scholars in Regional Development of CAS
文摘We utilize molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the microstructures of ions and polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions under external electric fields.By focusing on the multi-body interactions between ionic components and H_(2)O molecules,as well as their responses to the external electric fields,we clarify several nontrivial molecular features of the ionic and polyelectrolyte solutions,such as the solvations of cations and anions,clustering of the ions,and dispersions/aggregations of polyelectrolyte chains,as well as the corresponding responses of H_(2)O molecules in these contexts.Our simulations illustrate the variations in structures of ionic solutions caused by reversing the charge sign of the ions,and elucidate the disparity in structures between anionic and cationic polyelectrolyte solutions in the presence of the external electric fields.This work clarifies the mechanism for the alternations in complex multi-body interactions in aqueous solutions caused by the application electric field,which can contribute to the fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical natures of ion-containing and charged polymeric systems.
文摘This article mainly introduced novel carrier-modified methods for active targeting antitumor preparation as well as their evaluation methodology in recent years. By reviewing related domestic and overseas literatures, the up-to-date scientific researches concerning active targeting antitumor preparation were elaborated and the problems existing in present studies were discussed. Numerous valid vector- embellished methods had been discovered with excellent targeting effects, and the significant progress was acquired for the evaluation tools in vitroand in vivo. The active targeting agent would be a major direction in prospective tumor or cancer therapeutic regimen.
文摘Objective To study the antidiabetic and anti-oxidative effects of honokiol （Hon） in Magnolia officinalis and its underlying molecular mechanism in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet （HFD） and streptozotocin （STZ）. Methods After ig administration with Hon [25, 50, and 100 mg/（kg.d）] to diabetic rats for consecutive 10 weeks, the levels of blood glucose （BG）, oral glucose tolerance （OGT）, blood lipids including total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol （HDL-C）, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol （LDL-C）, hepatic oxidative stress including the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde （MDA）, and cytochrome P4502E1 （CYP2E1） in diabetic rats were measured. Results Compared to the diabetic control rats, ig administration of Hon resulted in significant decrease in BC, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in serum, as well as hepatic CYP2E] activity and MDA content in diabetic rats, whereas the level of OGT and activities of hepatic CAT, SOD, and CSH-Px in diabetic rats were significantly increased. Conclusion Hon could alleviate hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, hepatic oxidative damage, and insulin resistance in diabetic rats by inhibiting hepatic CYP2E1 activity.
基金This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 30630075).
文摘Strychnos nux-vomica L.has been frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine but has high acute toxicity.It is commonly taken with Glycyrrhizae radix to decrease its toxicity but the mechanism of this interaction is unknown.In this work,the mRNA expression and the activity of four cytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes representative of four subfamilies(CYP1A,CYP3A,CYP2C and CYP2E)were determined ex vivo in rat livers from groups of Wistar rats orally administered strychnine hydrochloride(SH)at three doses(0.1,0.3 and 0.9 mg/kg/day)alone and,at the highest dose,in combination with glycyrrhetinic acid(GA,25 mg/kg/day)or liquiritin(LQ,20 mg/kg/day)once a day for 7 consecutive days.Compared to control,the mRNA expressions of CYP3A1,1A2 and 2E1 were higher in rats receiving the highest dose of SH but lower for CYP3A1 and CYP2E1 in rats receiving the SH+GA and SH+LQ combinations.CYP2E1 activity was higher and CYP2C,CYP3A and CYP1A2 activities were lower in rats receiving the highest dose of SH.In contrast CYP1A2 and CYP2C activities were higher and CYP2E1 and CYP3A activities lower in rats receiving the SH+GA combination.CYP2E1 and CYP3A activities were also lower in rats receiving the SH+LQ combination.The results show that treatment with SH for 7 days affects the expression and the activity of CYP enzymes and that coadministration of GA and LQ modulates these effects.This modulation may explain the role of Glycyrrhizae radix in reducing the acute toxicity of Strychnos nux-vomica L.CYPs enzymes.
