Hereditary spherocytosis(HS),a common inherited hemolytic anemia,is characterized by red blood cell membrane protein defects leading to chronic hemolysis.This condition significantly predisposes patients to gallstone ...Hereditary spherocytosis(HS),a common inherited hemolytic anemia,is characterized by red blood cell membrane protein defects leading to chronic hemolysis.This condition significantly predisposes patients to gallstone disease,including both gallbladder and bile duct stones,due to excessive bilirubin production from hemolysis.Gallstones in HS patients,primarily composed of bilirubin,can lead to complications such as cholecystitis,cholangitis,and obstructive jaundice.This review provides a comprehensive landscape of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking HS to gallstone formation,emphasizing the roles of hemolysis,bile composition,and genetic factors.It also discusses the clinical manifestations of gallstone disease in HS,including recurrent jaundice and biliary obstruction,and highlights the diagnostic value of imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.Furthermore,current management strategies,including splenectomy,cholecystectomy,and endoscopic approaches for bile duct stones,are examined in the context of HS.By synthesizing existing knowledge,this review aims to provide insights into improving the diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of gallstone disease in patients with HS,while identifying gaps for future research.展开更多
Viral hepatitis,including hepatitis B and hepatitis C(HCV),remains a significant global health burden,leading to liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular car-cinoma.Traditional diagnostic methods,while effective,of...Viral hepatitis,including hepatitis B and hepatitis C(HCV),remains a significant global health burden,leading to liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular car-cinoma.Traditional diagnostic methods,while effective,often face limitations in accuracy,accessibility,and timeliness.Artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative tool in healthcare,enhancing the detection,diagnosis,and treat-ment of viral hepatitis.This review explores the role of AI in viral hepatitis mana-gement,focusing on early detection through image analysis,digital pathology,and machine learning algorithms.AI-driven image analysis tools,such as con-volutional neural networks,have demonstrated high accuracy in detecting HCV-related liver lesions from computed tomography scans.Supervised learning models such as support vector machines and hybrid quantum neural networks further enhance early risk stratification.AI also facilitates personalized treatment by predicting treatment responses,accelerating drug discovery,and advancing precision medicine.Furthermore,AI contributes to epidemiological surveillance by predicting disease spread and tracking treatment adherence.Despite its po-tential,challenges such as data privacy,algorithmic bias,and regulatory comp-liance must be addressed to ensure equitable and effective AI implementation.Future directions include integrating AI into clinical workflows and expanding AI applications in low-resource settings.AI-assisted diagnosis and management have the potential to revolutionize viral hepatitis care,improving patient outcomes and reducing the global disease burden.展开更多
文摘Hereditary spherocytosis(HS),a common inherited hemolytic anemia,is characterized by red blood cell membrane protein defects leading to chronic hemolysis.This condition significantly predisposes patients to gallstone disease,including both gallbladder and bile duct stones,due to excessive bilirubin production from hemolysis.Gallstones in HS patients,primarily composed of bilirubin,can lead to complications such as cholecystitis,cholangitis,and obstructive jaundice.This review provides a comprehensive landscape of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking HS to gallstone formation,emphasizing the roles of hemolysis,bile composition,and genetic factors.It also discusses the clinical manifestations of gallstone disease in HS,including recurrent jaundice and biliary obstruction,and highlights the diagnostic value of imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.Furthermore,current management strategies,including splenectomy,cholecystectomy,and endoscopic approaches for bile duct stones,are examined in the context of HS.By synthesizing existing knowledge,this review aims to provide insights into improving the diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of gallstone disease in patients with HS,while identifying gaps for future research.
文摘Viral hepatitis,including hepatitis B and hepatitis C(HCV),remains a significant global health burden,leading to liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular car-cinoma.Traditional diagnostic methods,while effective,often face limitations in accuracy,accessibility,and timeliness.Artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative tool in healthcare,enhancing the detection,diagnosis,and treat-ment of viral hepatitis.This review explores the role of AI in viral hepatitis mana-gement,focusing on early detection through image analysis,digital pathology,and machine learning algorithms.AI-driven image analysis tools,such as con-volutional neural networks,have demonstrated high accuracy in detecting HCV-related liver lesions from computed tomography scans.Supervised learning models such as support vector machines and hybrid quantum neural networks further enhance early risk stratification.AI also facilitates personalized treatment by predicting treatment responses,accelerating drug discovery,and advancing precision medicine.Furthermore,AI contributes to epidemiological surveillance by predicting disease spread and tracking treatment adherence.Despite its po-tential,challenges such as data privacy,algorithmic bias,and regulatory comp-liance must be addressed to ensure equitable and effective AI implementation.Future directions include integrating AI into clinical workflows and expanding AI applications in low-resource settings.AI-assisted diagnosis and management have the potential to revolutionize viral hepatitis care,improving patient outcomes and reducing the global disease burden.
