Major differences in beach erosion between two neighboring artificial beaches Xiangluwan Beach(XL beach)and Meiliwan Beach(ML beach)in Zhuhai,China,were studied after Super Typhoon Hato.In this study,a fully nonlinear...Major differences in beach erosion between two neighboring artificial beaches Xiangluwan Beach(XL beach)and Meiliwan Beach(ML beach)in Zhuhai,China,were studied after Super Typhoon Hato.In this study,a fully nonlinear Boussinesq wave model(FUNWAVE)-Total Variation Diminishing(TVD)was used to distinguish the main impact factors,their relative contributions,and the hydrodynamic mechanisms underlying the different beach responses.Results show that compared to the ML beach,the main reason for the relatively weak erosion on Xiangluwan(XL)beach was the smaller beach berm height(accounting for approximately 75.9%of the erosion response).Regarding the beach with a higher berm,the stronger wave-induced undertow flow,along with the higher sediment concentration,led to a higher offshore sediment transport flux,resulting in more severe erosion relative to the beach with a smaller berm height.The second most important reason explaining the weak erosion on XL beach was the absence of seawalls(accounting for approximately 17.9%of the erosion response).Wave reflection induced by the seawall could cause higher suspended sediment concentration,resulting in a toe scouring near the seawall.The offshore submerged breakwater protected XL beach slightly(accounting for approximately 6.1%of the erosion response).Due to the higher water level induced by storm surge,most of the wave energy could penetrate through the submerged breakwater.The effect of the larger berm width of XL beach was negligible.Compared to the beach with a larger berm width,the erosion/deposition regions in the beach with a narrower berm width showed shoreward migration,without significant changes in the erosion/deposition extent.Despite of this,the larger berm width could reduce the wave energy reaching the shoreline.This study of the storm stability of artificial beaches may be applied to beach restoration design.展开更多
Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of com...Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of compounds, facilitate the elongation of polymer chains through reactive functional groups, thereby enhancing the performance of the materials. Epoxy-based chain extenders, due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, high reaction efficiency, and effective reactivity with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, have emerged as a promising class of chain extenders. This manuscript comprehensively elaborates on the varieties, structural characteristics, and performance of chain extenders, the challenges they face, and the methods for their modification. Special emphasis is placed on the application of epoxy-based chain extenders in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), and their subsequent influence on the structural and performance properties of these materials.展开更多
Critical for metering and protection in electric railway traction power supply systems(TPSSs),the measurement performance of voltage transformers(VTs)must be timely and reliably monitored.This paper outlines a three-s...Critical for metering and protection in electric railway traction power supply systems(TPSSs),the measurement performance of voltage transformers(VTs)must be timely and reliably monitored.This paper outlines a three-step,RMS data only method for evaluating VTs in TPSSs.First,a kernel principal component analysis approach is used to diagnose the VT exhibiting significant measurement deviations over time,mitigating the influence of stochastic fluctuations in traction loads.Second,a back propagation neural network is employed to continuously estimate the measurement deviations of the targeted VT.Third,a trend analysis method is developed to assess the evolution of the measurement performance of VTs.Case studies conducted on field data from an operational TPSS demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting VTs with measurement deviations exceeding 1%relative to their original accuracy levels.Additionally,the method accurately tracks deviation trends,enabling the identification of potential early-stage faults in VTs and helping prevent significant economic losses in TPSS operations.展开更多
Orthopedic conditions have emerged as global health concerns,impacting approximately 1.7 billion individuals worldwide.However,the limited understanding of the underlying pathological processes at the cellular and mol...Orthopedic conditions have emerged as global health concerns,impacting approximately 1.7 billion individuals worldwide.However,the limited understanding of the underlying pathological processes at the cellular and molecular level has hindered the development of comprehensive treatment options for these disorders.The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)technology has revolutionized biomedical research by enabling detailed examination of cellular and molecular diversity.Nevertheless,investigating mechanisms at the single-cell level in highly mineralized skeletal tissue poses technical challenges.In this comprehensive review,we present a streamlined approach to obtaining high-quality single cells from skeletal tissue and provide an overview of existing scRNA-seq technologies employed in skeletal studies along with practical bioinformatic analysis pipelines.By utilizing these methodologies,crucial insights into the developmental dynamics,maintenance of homeostasis,and pathological processes involved in spine,joint,bone,muscle,and tendon disorders have been uncovered.Specifically focusing on the joint diseases of degenerative disc disease,osteoarthritis,and rheumatoid arthritis using scRNA-seq has provided novel insights and a more nuanced comprehension.These findings have paved the way for discovering novel therapeutic targets that offer potential benefits to patients suffering from diverse skeletal disorders.展开更多
Cerium oxide(CeO_(2)) has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its reversible switch ability in Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+)redox to produce improved antioxidation properties for biomedical applications.Here,we report...Cerium oxide(CeO_(2)) has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its reversible switch ability in Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+)redox to produce improved antioxidation properties for biomedical applications.Here,we report to embed the CeO_(2)nanospheres into the organic polymer network using electrostatic spinning technology to prepare polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-encapsulated CeO_(2)nanospheres composite nanofibrous membranes(PVA-CeO_(2)) for the first time,which is beneficial to improving the dispersion and biocompatibility of CeO_(2)nanosphere without altering the original antioxidant properties of CeO_(2).Detailed characterization of the as-prepared composite nanofibrous membranes reveals that CeO_(2)was successfully introduced into the PVA fibers with strong interactions,thus enhancing the thermal stability and fracture toughness of the nanoifbers.As a result,PVA-CeO_(2)exhibits superior UV shielding performance,antioxidant performance and bacteriostatic performance.Meaningfully,PVA-CeO_(2)has strong absorbance in both UVA and UVB bands when the CeO_(2)concentration in the nanoifber membrane reaches 1.5 wt%,and shows an excellent scavenging effect on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radicals with a scavenging rate of 86.52%.Moreover,the Kirby-Bauer(K-B) method of agar diffusion test further confirms that PVA-CeO_(2)has antimicrobial ability against three types of representative strains,including Gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus),Gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia coli) and fungi(Candida albicans).Importantly,no obvious cytotoxicity is observed for PVA-CeO_(2)even though the amount of embedded CeO_(2)nanosphere reaches as high as 1.5 wt%.This study reveals new avenues for improving the future smart design of CeO_(2)-based nanoifber membrane composite materials for biological antioxidants.展开更多
The Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic ore deposit,located in southeastern Yunnan,China,is one of the region's largest deposits.However,the hyp abyssal granite porphyry within this mining area has yet to be comprehensive...The Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic ore deposit,located in southeastern Yunnan,China,is one of the region's largest deposits.However,the hyp abyssal granite porphyry within this mining area has yet to be comprehensively investigated.In this study,we conducted geochemical,geochronological,whole-rock Sr-Nd isotope,and zircon Hf isotope analyses on granite porphyry samples collected from the Bainiuchang deposit.The results indicate that the granite porphyry formed between 87.5 and 87.4 Ma in the Late Yanshanian period.Geochemically,the granite is strongly peraluminous,with high silica and alkali contents consistent with S-type granite characteristics.The granite porphyry is enriched in large-ion lithophile elements(Rb,Th,U,and K)and is relatively depleted in Ba and Sr.The initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios are high(0.71392-0.71585),accompanied by low ε_(Nd)(t)values(-8.9 to-8.2).The zircons exhibited similarly low ε_(Hf)(t)values(-9.31 to-3.6).These data suggest that the porphyry-forming magma originated from a continental crustal source.The two-stage Hf and Nd model ages are estimated at 1534-1216 Ma and 1615-1561 Ma,respectively.Thus,the granite porphyry likely formed under a strike-slip extensional setting in the Late Yanshanian period and resulted from the re-melting of Proterozoic basement metagreywackes.This porphyry shares a similar magmatic origin with concealed granite bodies within the deposit and is associated with structural reactivation during the Yanshanian.The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the tectonomagmatic mineralization processes in the B ainiuchang area.展开更多
With the appearance of eutherian mammals,3 visual pigments were retained in their retina,mediating light sensitivity.Of them,rhodopsin is expressed in rod photoreceptor celis to conduct dim-light vision,while the othe...With the appearance of eutherian mammals,3 visual pigments were retained in their retina,mediating light sensitivity.Of them,rhodopsin is expressed in rod photoreceptor celis to conduct dim-light vision,while the other 2 visual pigments,middle/long wavelength-sensitive(M/LWS)and short wavelength-sensitive type 1(SWS1)visual pigments,expressed in cones are for color vision(Chi et al.2020).Murid rodents(order Rodentia:family Muridae),originated 17-22 million years ago(Mya)and represent more than 10%of living mammal species(Aghova et al.2018).Within these murid species,their SWS1 pigment retained the ancestral ultraviolet(UV)sensitivity,which is generally associated with a nocturnal lifestyle(Emerling et al.2015).In contrast,the spectral sensitivities of murid M/LWS are more diversifed,with wavelengths of maximum absorption(amax)ranging from 490 to 509 nm(Yokoyama et al.2008;Chi et al.2020).展开更多
BACKGROUND Tumor progression in patients with esophageal precancerous lesions(EPLs)or early esophageal carcinoma(EEC)is typically confined in both extent and location.Prompt and effective intervention significantly im...BACKGROUND Tumor progression in patients with esophageal precancerous lesions(EPLs)or early esophageal carcinoma(EEC)is typically confined in both extent and location.Prompt and effective intervention significantly improves treatment outcomes and prognosis for these individuals.AIM To determine the effect of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)on efficacy,serum tumor markers(STMs),and 6-month postoperative recurrence rate in patients with either EPL or EEC.METHODS This study initially enrolled 120 patients with EPL or EEC,who were admitted from April 2021 to April 2024.Participants were divided into the control group(60 cases),which underwent thoracotomy,and the research group(60 cases)which received ESD treatment.The comparative analysis involved information regarding the efficacy(dissection area and resection rate per unit time),complications(delayed bleeding,wound infection,esophageal reflux,and postoperative esophageal stenosis),surgery-related parameters(bleeding volume,operation duration,and hospital length of stay),STMs[carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 724(CA724),and tumor-specific growth factor(TSGF)],and the 6-month postoperative recurrence rate of the two groups.RESULTS Data indicated statistically higher dissection area and resection rate per unit of time in the research group than in the control group.Meanwhile,the research group demonstrated a notably lower overall incidence rate of complications,bleeding volume,operation duration,and hospital length of stay.Further,the CEA,CA724,and TSGF were markedly reduced in the research group after treatment,which were statistically lower compared to the baseline and those of the control group.Finally,during the follow-up,a comparable 6-month postoperative recurrence rate was determined in the two groups.CONCLUSION ESD is clinically effective and safe for EPL and EEC and can significantly restore abnormally increased levels of STMs.展开更多
In most Suzuki–Miyaura carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions,the borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold(9-BBN)only serves as an auxiliary facilitating the transmetalation step and thus is transformed into by-products.The...In most Suzuki–Miyaura carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions,the borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold(9-BBN)only serves as an auxiliary facilitating the transmetalation step and thus is transformed into by-products.There are rare examples where the 9-BBN derivatives serve as the potentially diverse C8 building blocks in cross-coupling reactions.Herein,we report a cobalt-catalyzed migratory carboncarbon cross-coupling reaction of the in situ formed 9-BBN ate complexes to afford diverse aryl-and alkyl-functionalized cyclooctenes.Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the oxidation-induced cisbicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-ylborane is the key intermediate in this migratory cross-coupling reaction,which promotes the development of other diverse migratory cross-coupling of borate complexes.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)contamination in agricultural soils poses severe threats to human health and ecosystem integrity.While biochar is recognized for its ability to immobilize heavy metals,the impact of plant-derived low molecu...Cadmium(Cd)contamination in agricultural soils poses severe threats to human health and ecosystem integrity.While biochar is recognized for its ability to immobilize heavy metals,the impact of plant-derived low molecular weight organic acids(LMWOAs),such as citric acid(CA),on this process remains unclear.This study shows that CA and biochar synergistically immobilize Cd in alkaline soil from extensively polluted southeastern Hubei,China.Soils were amended with maize stover biochar at rates of 0,0.5%,1%,and 2%(W/W),with or without CA addition(1 mmol/L),and incubated for 80 days.Results show that biochar significantly reduced bioavailable Cd,with a 2%application decreasing extractable Cd by 26.84%.Unexpectedly,CA alone increased Cd mobility by 9.38%;however,when combined with high-dose biochar,CA and biochar synergistically enhanced Cd immobilization,reducing bioavailable Cd by 27.40%.Advanced analytical techniques,including BCR sequential extraction,X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,confirmed that the interaction between biochar and CA altered Cd speciation,promoting its stabilization.This study is the first to show that CA and biochar synergistically immobilize Cd in alkaline soils,disproving the idea that LMWOAs hinder biochar's metal remediation.Our findings show that biochar can prevent or even harness LMWOAs'activating effects on Cd,indicating its great potential for sustainable Cd remediation in alkaline soils.This study improves our understanding of biochar-soil interactions in organic acids and gives new scientific bases for enhancing heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation procedures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite the promising prospects of utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning(ML)for comprehensive disease analysis,few models constructed have been applied in clinical practice due to their com...BACKGROUND Despite the promising prospects of utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning(ML)for comprehensive disease analysis,few models constructed have been applied in clinical practice due to their complexity and the lack of reasonable explanations.In contrast to previous studies with small sample sizes and limited model interpretability,we developed a transparent eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)-based model supported by multi-center data,using patients'basic information and clinical indicators to forecast the occurrence of anastomotic leakage(AL)after rectal cancer resection surgery.The model demonstrated robust predictive performance and identified clinically relevant thresholds,which may assist physicians in optimizing perioperative management.AIM To develop an interpretable ML model for accurately predicting the occurrence probability of AL after rectal cancer resection and define our clinical alert values for serum calcium ions.METHODS Patients who underwent anterior resection of the rectum for rectal carcinoma at the Department of Digestive Surgery,Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases,Air Force Medical University,and Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital,were retrospectively collected from January 2011 to December 2021.Ten ML models were integrated to analyze the data and develop the predictive models.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,calibration curve,decision curve analysis,accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and F1 score were used to evaluate model performance.We employed the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)algorithm to explain the feature importance of the optimal model.RESULTS A total of ten features were integrated to construct the predictive model and identify the optimal model.XGBoost was considered the best-performing model with an area under the ROC curve(AUC)of 0.984(95%confidence interval:0.972-0.996)in the test set(accuracy:0.925;sensitivity:0.92;specificity:0.927).Furthermore,the model achieved an AUC of 0.703 in external validation.The interpretable SHAP algorithm revealed that the serum calcium ion level was the crucial factor influencing the predictions of the model.CONCLUSION A superior predictive model,leveraging clinical data,has been crafted by employing the most effective XGBoost from a selection of ten algorithms.This model,by predicting the occurrence of AL in patients after rectal cancer resection,has identified the significant role of serum calcium ion levels,providing guidance for clinical practice.The integration of SHAP provides a clear interpretation of the model's predictions.展开更多
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors(BTKis)have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell lymphomas.However,safety issues related to the use of BTKis may hinder treatment continuity and further affect clinical efficacy.A...Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors(BTKis)have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell lymphomas.However,safety issues related to the use of BTKis may hinder treatment continuity and further affect clinical efficacy.A comprehensive and systematic expert consensus from a pharmacological perspective is lacking for safety issues associated with BTKi treatment.A multidisciplinary consensus working group was established,comprising 35 members from the fields of hematology,cardiovascular disease,cardio-oncology,clinical pharmacy,and evidencebased medicine.This evidence-based expert consensus was formulated using an evidence-based approach and the Delphi method.The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal(JBI)tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)approach were used to rate the quality of evidence and grade the strength of recommendations,respectively.This consensus provides practical recommendations for BTKis medication based on nine aspects within three domains,including the management of common adverse drug events such as bleeding,cardiovascular events,and hematological toxicity,as well as the management of drug-drug interactions and guidance for special populations.This multidisciplinary expert consensus could contribute to promoting a multi-dimensional,comprehensive and standardized management of BTKis.展开更多
The pan-Arctic is confronted with air pollution transported from lower latitudes.Observations have shown that aerosols help increase plant photosynthesis through the diffuse radiation fertilization effects(DRFEs).Whil...The pan-Arctic is confronted with air pollution transported from lower latitudes.Observations have shown that aerosols help increase plant photosynthesis through the diffuse radiation fertilization effects(DRFEs).While such DRFEs have been explored at low to middle latitudes,the aerosol impacts on pan-Arctic ecosystems and the contributions by anthropogenic and natural emission sources remain less quantified.Here,we perform regional simulations at 0.2o×0.2ousing a well-validated vegetation model(Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere,YIBs)in combination with multi-source of observations to quantify the impacts of aerosol DRFEs on the net primary productivity(NPP)in the pan-Arctic during 2001-19.Results show that aerosol DRFEs increase pan-Arctic NPP by 2.19 Pg C(12.8%)yr^(-1)under clear-sky conditions,in which natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to 8.9% and 3.9%,respectively.Under all-sky conditions,such DRFEs are largely dampened by cloud to only 0.26 Pg C(1.24%)yr^(-1),with contributions of 0.65% by natural and 0.59% by anthropogenic species.Natural aerosols cause a positive NPP trend of 0.022% yr^(-1)following the increased fire activities in the pan-Arctic.In contrast,anthropogenic aerosols induce a negative trend of-0.01% yr^(-1)due to reduced emissions from the middle latitudes.Such trends in aerosol DRFEs show a turning point in the year of 2007 with more positive NPP trends by natural aerosols but negative NPP trends by anthropogenic aerosols thereafter.Though affected by modeling uncertainties,this study suggests a likely increasing impact of aerosols on terrestrial ecosystems in the pan-Arctic under global warming.展开更多
Tiller number and grain size are important agronomic traits that determine grain yield in rice.Here,we demonstrate that DEFECTIVE TILLER GROWTH 1(DTG1),a member of the casein kinase 1 protein family,exerts a co-regula...Tiller number and grain size are important agronomic traits that determine grain yield in rice.Here,we demonstrate that DEFECTIVE TILLER GROWTH 1(DTG1),a member of the casein kinase 1 protein family,exerts a co-regulatory effect on tiller number and grain size.We identified a single amino acid substitution in DTG1(I357K)that caused a decrease in tiller number and an increase in grain size in NIL-dtg1.Genetic analyses revealed that DTG1 plays a pivotal role in regulation of tillering and grain size.The DTG1^(I357K) allelic variant exhibited robust functionality in suppressing tillering.We show that DTG1 is preferentially expressed in tiller buds and young panicles,and negatively regulates grain size by restricting cell proliferation in spikelet hulls.We further confirm that DTG1 functioned in grain size regulation by directly interacting with Grain Width 2(GW2),a critical grain size regulator in rice.The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of DTG1 significantly enhanced tiller number and grain size,thereby increasing rice grain yield under field conditions,thus highlighting potential value of DTG1 in rice breeding.展开更多
In this paper, we design high-order Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) methods with multi-resolution weighted essentially non-oscillatory (multi-resolution WENO) limiters to compute compressible steady-state pr...In this paper, we design high-order Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) methods with multi-resolution weighted essentially non-oscillatory (multi-resolution WENO) limiters to compute compressible steady-state problems on triangular meshes. A troubled cell indicator extended from structured meshes to unstructured meshes is constructed to identify triangular cells in which the application of the limiting procedures is required. In such troubled cells, the multi-resolution WENO limiting methods are used to the hierarchical L^(2) projection polynomial sequence of the DG solution. Through using the RKDG methods with multi-resolution WENO limiters, the optimal high-order accuracy can be gradually reduced to first-order in the triangular troubled cells, so that the shock wave oscillations can be well suppressed. In steady-state simulations on triangular meshes, the numerical residual converges to near machine zero. The proposed spatial reconstruction methods enhance the robustness of classical DG methods on triangular meshes. The good results of these RKDG methods with multi-resolution WENO limiters are verified by a series of two-dimensional steady-state problems.展开更多
AIM:To determine the factors related to preoperative ocular characters that are predictive of insufficient vault(<250μm)after implantable collamer lens(ICL V4c;STAAR Surgical)implantation.METHODS:The participants ...AIM:To determine the factors related to preoperative ocular characters that are predictive of insufficient vault(<250μm)after implantable collamer lens(ICL V4c;STAAR Surgical)implantation.METHODS:The participants underwent ICL surgery and were divided into the low(<250μm)and normal(250-1000μm)vault groups based on the postoperative vault at 3mo.The preoperative biometric parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.The relationship between the 3-month vault values and preoperative ocular parameters were evaluated by Generalized estimating equations.RESULTS:Sixteen(23 eyes)and 36 patients(63 eyes)were in the low and normal vault groups,respectively.All implantation procedures were uneventful with no cataract formation in the early postoperative period.The sulcusto-sulcus lens rise(STSL)and iris ciliary angle(ICA)were correlated with vault at 3mo after surgery.Every 0.1 mm increase in STSL was associated with 38.9μm decrease in the postoperative 3-month vault.A rise of 1 degree in ICA is associated with a reduction of 4μm in vault.CONCLUSION:Eyes with a narrow ciliary sulcus are associated with a higher rate of low vault after ICL implantation,suggesting a need for adjustments to the ICL size in these patients.Evaluating the characteristics of the ciliary sulcus contributes valuable information to predict low vault after surgery.展开更多
The classification of π-/σ-aromaticity depends on the electrons with the dominating contributions.Traditionally,π-andσ-aromaticity are used to describe the unsaturated and saturated systems,respectively.Thus,it is...The classification of π-/σ-aromaticity depends on the electrons with the dominating contributions.Traditionally,π-andσ-aromaticity are used to describe the unsaturated and saturated systems,respectively.Thus,it is rarely reported that π-aromaticity is dominated in a saturated system.Here we demonstrate that π-aromaticity could be dominating in several fully saturated four-membered rings(4MRs),supported by various aromaticity indices including ΔBL,NICS,EDDB,MCI,and Ad NDP.The origin of suchπ-aromaticity in saturated rings could be attributed to an introduction of two additional electrons into the π-type LUMO of the parent neutral species.Our findings represent a novel approach to achieve π-aromaticity into a fully saturated system which has traditionally been dominated by σ-aromaticity.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42006176,42330406,U1706220,41901006)the Basic Research Project of the Science and Technology Innovation Development Program of in Yantai(No.2022JCYJ028)。
文摘Major differences in beach erosion between two neighboring artificial beaches Xiangluwan Beach(XL beach)and Meiliwan Beach(ML beach)in Zhuhai,China,were studied after Super Typhoon Hato.In this study,a fully nonlinear Boussinesq wave model(FUNWAVE)-Total Variation Diminishing(TVD)was used to distinguish the main impact factors,their relative contributions,and the hydrodynamic mechanisms underlying the different beach responses.Results show that compared to the ML beach,the main reason for the relatively weak erosion on Xiangluwan(XL)beach was the smaller beach berm height(accounting for approximately 75.9%of the erosion response).Regarding the beach with a higher berm,the stronger wave-induced undertow flow,along with the higher sediment concentration,led to a higher offshore sediment transport flux,resulting in more severe erosion relative to the beach with a smaller berm height.The second most important reason explaining the weak erosion on XL beach was the absence of seawalls(accounting for approximately 17.9%of the erosion response).Wave reflection induced by the seawall could cause higher suspended sediment concentration,resulting in a toe scouring near the seawall.The offshore submerged breakwater protected XL beach slightly(accounting for approximately 6.1%of the erosion response).Due to the higher water level induced by storm surge,most of the wave energy could penetrate through the submerged breakwater.The effect of the larger berm width of XL beach was negligible.Compared to the beach with a larger berm width,the erosion/deposition regions in the beach with a narrower berm width showed shoreward migration,without significant changes in the erosion/deposition extent.Despite of this,the larger berm width could reduce the wave energy reaching the shoreline.This study of the storm stability of artificial beaches may be applied to beach restoration design.
文摘Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of compounds, facilitate the elongation of polymer chains through reactive functional groups, thereby enhancing the performance of the materials. Epoxy-based chain extenders, due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, high reaction efficiency, and effective reactivity with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, have emerged as a promising class of chain extenders. This manuscript comprehensively elaborates on the varieties, structural characteristics, and performance of chain extenders, the challenges they face, and the methods for their modification. Special emphasis is placed on the application of epoxy-based chain extenders in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), and their subsequent influence on the structural and performance properties of these materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52107125)Applied Basic Research Project of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0250)Chengdu Guojia Electrical Engineering Co.,Ltd.(No.KYL202312-0043).
文摘Critical for metering and protection in electric railway traction power supply systems(TPSSs),the measurement performance of voltage transformers(VTs)must be timely and reliably monitored.This paper outlines a three-step,RMS data only method for evaluating VTs in TPSSs.First,a kernel principal component analysis approach is used to diagnose the VT exhibiting significant measurement deviations over time,mitigating the influence of stochastic fluctuations in traction loads.Second,a back propagation neural network is employed to continuously estimate the measurement deviations of the targeted VT.Third,a trend analysis method is developed to assess the evolution of the measurement performance of VTs.Case studies conducted on field data from an operational TPSS demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting VTs with measurement deviations exceeding 1%relative to their original accuracy levels.Additionally,the method accurately tracks deviation trends,enabling the identification of potential early-stage faults in VTs and helping prevent significant economic losses in TPSS operations.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1103202)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272507,32270887,and 32200654)+6 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2023NSCQ-ZDJO008)Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program(BX20220397)Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning(SFLKF202201)Project for Enhancing Innovation of Army Medical University(2023X1839)Talent Innovation Training Program at the Army Medical Center(ZXZYTSYS09)General Hospital of Western Theater Command Research Project(2021-XZYG-B10)University Grants Committee,Research Grants Council of Hong Kong,China(14113723,N_CUHK472/22,C7030-18G,T13-402/17-N,and AoE/M-402/20)。
文摘Orthopedic conditions have emerged as global health concerns,impacting approximately 1.7 billion individuals worldwide.However,the limited understanding of the underlying pathological processes at the cellular and molecular level has hindered the development of comprehensive treatment options for these disorders.The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)technology has revolutionized biomedical research by enabling detailed examination of cellular and molecular diversity.Nevertheless,investigating mechanisms at the single-cell level in highly mineralized skeletal tissue poses technical challenges.In this comprehensive review,we present a streamlined approach to obtaining high-quality single cells from skeletal tissue and provide an overview of existing scRNA-seq technologies employed in skeletal studies along with practical bioinformatic analysis pipelines.By utilizing these methodologies,crucial insights into the developmental dynamics,maintenance of homeostasis,and pathological processes involved in spine,joint,bone,muscle,and tendon disorders have been uncovered.Specifically focusing on the joint diseases of degenerative disc disease,osteoarthritis,and rheumatoid arthritis using scRNA-seq has provided novel insights and a more nuanced comprehension.These findings have paved the way for discovering novel therapeutic targets that offer potential benefits to patients suffering from diverse skeletal disorders.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22301012)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (KM202310011005)。
文摘Cerium oxide(CeO_(2)) has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its reversible switch ability in Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+)redox to produce improved antioxidation properties for biomedical applications.Here,we report to embed the CeO_(2)nanospheres into the organic polymer network using electrostatic spinning technology to prepare polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-encapsulated CeO_(2)nanospheres composite nanofibrous membranes(PVA-CeO_(2)) for the first time,which is beneficial to improving the dispersion and biocompatibility of CeO_(2)nanosphere without altering the original antioxidant properties of CeO_(2).Detailed characterization of the as-prepared composite nanofibrous membranes reveals that CeO_(2)was successfully introduced into the PVA fibers with strong interactions,thus enhancing the thermal stability and fracture toughness of the nanoifbers.As a result,PVA-CeO_(2)exhibits superior UV shielding performance,antioxidant performance and bacteriostatic performance.Meaningfully,PVA-CeO_(2)has strong absorbance in both UVA and UVB bands when the CeO_(2)concentration in the nanoifber membrane reaches 1.5 wt%,and shows an excellent scavenging effect on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radicals with a scavenging rate of 86.52%.Moreover,the Kirby-Bauer(K-B) method of agar diffusion test further confirms that PVA-CeO_(2)has antimicrobial ability against three types of representative strains,including Gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus),Gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia coli) and fungi(Candida albicans).Importantly,no obvious cytotoxicity is observed for PVA-CeO_(2)even though the amount of embedded CeO_(2)nanosphere reaches as high as 1.5 wt%.This study reveals new avenues for improving the future smart design of CeO_(2)-based nanoifber membrane composite materials for biological antioxidants.
基金supported by Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Project(202202AG050006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42362010)The Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization,Ministry of Nature Resources(ZRZYBSJSYS2022002)。
文摘The Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic ore deposit,located in southeastern Yunnan,China,is one of the region's largest deposits.However,the hyp abyssal granite porphyry within this mining area has yet to be comprehensively investigated.In this study,we conducted geochemical,geochronological,whole-rock Sr-Nd isotope,and zircon Hf isotope analyses on granite porphyry samples collected from the Bainiuchang deposit.The results indicate that the granite porphyry formed between 87.5 and 87.4 Ma in the Late Yanshanian period.Geochemically,the granite is strongly peraluminous,with high silica and alkali contents consistent with S-type granite characteristics.The granite porphyry is enriched in large-ion lithophile elements(Rb,Th,U,and K)and is relatively depleted in Ba and Sr.The initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios are high(0.71392-0.71585),accompanied by low ε_(Nd)(t)values(-8.9 to-8.2).The zircons exhibited similarly low ε_(Hf)(t)values(-9.31 to-3.6).These data suggest that the porphyry-forming magma originated from a continental crustal source.The two-stage Hf and Nd model ages are estimated at 1534-1216 Ma and 1615-1561 Ma,respectively.Thus,the granite porphyry likely formed under a strike-slip extensional setting in the Late Yanshanian period and resulted from the re-melting of Proterozoic basement metagreywackes.This porphyry shares a similar magmatic origin with concealed granite bodies within the deposit and is associated with structural reactivation during the Yanshanian.The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the tectonomagmatic mineralization processes in the B ainiuchang area.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2022JQ-169)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702063)to S.S.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270462)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202401001)to Y.L.
文摘With the appearance of eutherian mammals,3 visual pigments were retained in their retina,mediating light sensitivity.Of them,rhodopsin is expressed in rod photoreceptor celis to conduct dim-light vision,while the other 2 visual pigments,middle/long wavelength-sensitive(M/LWS)and short wavelength-sensitive type 1(SWS1)visual pigments,expressed in cones are for color vision(Chi et al.2020).Murid rodents(order Rodentia:family Muridae),originated 17-22 million years ago(Mya)and represent more than 10%of living mammal species(Aghova et al.2018).Within these murid species,their SWS1 pigment retained the ancestral ultraviolet(UV)sensitivity,which is generally associated with a nocturnal lifestyle(Emerling et al.2015).In contrast,the spectral sensitivities of murid M/LWS are more diversifed,with wavelengths of maximum absorption(amax)ranging from 490 to 509 nm(Yokoyama et al.2008;Chi et al.2020).
文摘BACKGROUND Tumor progression in patients with esophageal precancerous lesions(EPLs)or early esophageal carcinoma(EEC)is typically confined in both extent and location.Prompt and effective intervention significantly improves treatment outcomes and prognosis for these individuals.AIM To determine the effect of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)on efficacy,serum tumor markers(STMs),and 6-month postoperative recurrence rate in patients with either EPL or EEC.METHODS This study initially enrolled 120 patients with EPL or EEC,who were admitted from April 2021 to April 2024.Participants were divided into the control group(60 cases),which underwent thoracotomy,and the research group(60 cases)which received ESD treatment.The comparative analysis involved information regarding the efficacy(dissection area and resection rate per unit time),complications(delayed bleeding,wound infection,esophageal reflux,and postoperative esophageal stenosis),surgery-related parameters(bleeding volume,operation duration,and hospital length of stay),STMs[carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 724(CA724),and tumor-specific growth factor(TSGF)],and the 6-month postoperative recurrence rate of the two groups.RESULTS Data indicated statistically higher dissection area and resection rate per unit of time in the research group than in the control group.Meanwhile,the research group demonstrated a notably lower overall incidence rate of complications,bleeding volume,operation duration,and hospital length of stay.Further,the CEA,CA724,and TSGF were markedly reduced in the research group after treatment,which were statistically lower compared to the baseline and those of the control group.Finally,during the follow-up,a comparable 6-month postoperative recurrence rate was determined in the two groups.CONCLUSION ESD is clinically effective and safe for EPL and EEC and can significantly restore abnormally increased levels of STMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22171046)the Hundred-Talent Project of Fujian(No.50021113)Fuzhou University(No.0480-00489503)。
文摘In most Suzuki–Miyaura carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions,the borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold(9-BBN)only serves as an auxiliary facilitating the transmetalation step and thus is transformed into by-products.There are rare examples where the 9-BBN derivatives serve as the potentially diverse C8 building blocks in cross-coupling reactions.Herein,we report a cobalt-catalyzed migratory carboncarbon cross-coupling reaction of the in situ formed 9-BBN ate complexes to afford diverse aryl-and alkyl-functionalized cyclooctenes.Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the oxidation-induced cisbicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-ylborane is the key intermediate in this migratory cross-coupling reaction,which promotes the development of other diverse migratory cross-coupling of borate complexes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20237)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination in agricultural soils poses severe threats to human health and ecosystem integrity.While biochar is recognized for its ability to immobilize heavy metals,the impact of plant-derived low molecular weight organic acids(LMWOAs),such as citric acid(CA),on this process remains unclear.This study shows that CA and biochar synergistically immobilize Cd in alkaline soil from extensively polluted southeastern Hubei,China.Soils were amended with maize stover biochar at rates of 0,0.5%,1%,and 2%(W/W),with or without CA addition(1 mmol/L),and incubated for 80 days.Results show that biochar significantly reduced bioavailable Cd,with a 2%application decreasing extractable Cd by 26.84%.Unexpectedly,CA alone increased Cd mobility by 9.38%;however,when combined with high-dose biochar,CA and biochar synergistically enhanced Cd immobilization,reducing bioavailable Cd by 27.40%.Advanced analytical techniques,including BCR sequential extraction,X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,confirmed that the interaction between biochar and CA altered Cd speciation,promoting its stabilization.This study is the first to show that CA and biochar synergistically immobilize Cd in alkaline soils,disproving the idea that LMWOAs hinder biochar's metal remediation.Our findings show that biochar can prevent or even harness LMWOAs'activating effects on Cd,indicating its great potential for sustainable Cd remediation in alkaline soils.This study improves our understanding of biochar-soil interactions in organic acids and gives new scientific bases for enhancing heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation procedures.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82172781Shaanxi Health Scientific Research Innovation Team Project,No.2024TD-06.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite the promising prospects of utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning(ML)for comprehensive disease analysis,few models constructed have been applied in clinical practice due to their complexity and the lack of reasonable explanations.In contrast to previous studies with small sample sizes and limited model interpretability,we developed a transparent eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)-based model supported by multi-center data,using patients'basic information and clinical indicators to forecast the occurrence of anastomotic leakage(AL)after rectal cancer resection surgery.The model demonstrated robust predictive performance and identified clinically relevant thresholds,which may assist physicians in optimizing perioperative management.AIM To develop an interpretable ML model for accurately predicting the occurrence probability of AL after rectal cancer resection and define our clinical alert values for serum calcium ions.METHODS Patients who underwent anterior resection of the rectum for rectal carcinoma at the Department of Digestive Surgery,Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases,Air Force Medical University,and Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital,were retrospectively collected from January 2011 to December 2021.Ten ML models were integrated to analyze the data and develop the predictive models.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,calibration curve,decision curve analysis,accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and F1 score were used to evaluate model performance.We employed the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)algorithm to explain the feature importance of the optimal model.RESULTS A total of ten features were integrated to construct the predictive model and identify the optimal model.XGBoost was considered the best-performing model with an area under the ROC curve(AUC)of 0.984(95%confidence interval:0.972-0.996)in the test set(accuracy:0.925;sensitivity:0.92;specificity:0.927).Furthermore,the model achieved an AUC of 0.703 in external validation.The interpretable SHAP algorithm revealed that the serum calcium ion level was the crucial factor influencing the predictions of the model.CONCLUSION A superior predictive model,leveraging clinical data,has been crafted by employing the most effective XGBoost from a selection of ten algorithms.This model,by predicting the occurrence of AL in patients after rectal cancer resection,has identified the significant role of serum calcium ion levels,providing guidance for clinical practice.The integration of SHAP provides a clear interpretation of the model's predictions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.72074005 and No.72304007)the special fund of the National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program,P.R.China(2023).
文摘Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors(BTKis)have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell lymphomas.However,safety issues related to the use of BTKis may hinder treatment continuity and further affect clinical efficacy.A comprehensive and systematic expert consensus from a pharmacological perspective is lacking for safety issues associated with BTKi treatment.A multidisciplinary consensus working group was established,comprising 35 members from the fields of hematology,cardiovascular disease,cardio-oncology,clinical pharmacy,and evidencebased medicine.This evidence-based expert consensus was formulated using an evidence-based approach and the Delphi method.The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal(JBI)tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)approach were used to rate the quality of evidence and grade the strength of recommendations,respectively.This consensus provides practical recommendations for BTKis medication based on nine aspects within three domains,including the management of common adverse drug events such as bleeding,cardiovascular events,and hematological toxicity,as well as the management of drug-drug interactions and guidance for special populations.This multidisciplinary expert consensus could contribute to promoting a multi-dimensional,comprehensive and standardized management of BTKis.
基金jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0106500)Jiangsu Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.BK20200040)。
文摘The pan-Arctic is confronted with air pollution transported from lower latitudes.Observations have shown that aerosols help increase plant photosynthesis through the diffuse radiation fertilization effects(DRFEs).While such DRFEs have been explored at low to middle latitudes,the aerosol impacts on pan-Arctic ecosystems and the contributions by anthropogenic and natural emission sources remain less quantified.Here,we perform regional simulations at 0.2o×0.2ousing a well-validated vegetation model(Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere,YIBs)in combination with multi-source of observations to quantify the impacts of aerosol DRFEs on the net primary productivity(NPP)in the pan-Arctic during 2001-19.Results show that aerosol DRFEs increase pan-Arctic NPP by 2.19 Pg C(12.8%)yr^(-1)under clear-sky conditions,in which natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to 8.9% and 3.9%,respectively.Under all-sky conditions,such DRFEs are largely dampened by cloud to only 0.26 Pg C(1.24%)yr^(-1),with contributions of 0.65% by natural and 0.59% by anthropogenic species.Natural aerosols cause a positive NPP trend of 0.022% yr^(-1)following the increased fire activities in the pan-Arctic.In contrast,anthropogenic aerosols induce a negative trend of-0.01% yr^(-1)due to reduced emissions from the middle latitudes.Such trends in aerosol DRFEs show a turning point in the year of 2007 with more positive NPP trends by natural aerosols but negative NPP trends by anthropogenic aerosols thereafter.Though affected by modeling uncertainties,this study suggests a likely increasing impact of aerosols on terrestrial ecosystems in the pan-Arctic under global warming.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Support Project (2022ZDZX0012,2021YFYZ0016,2023YFN0007,2021YFYZ0027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32171966,U23A20180).
文摘Tiller number and grain size are important agronomic traits that determine grain yield in rice.Here,we demonstrate that DEFECTIVE TILLER GROWTH 1(DTG1),a member of the casein kinase 1 protein family,exerts a co-regulatory effect on tiller number and grain size.We identified a single amino acid substitution in DTG1(I357K)that caused a decrease in tiller number and an increase in grain size in NIL-dtg1.Genetic analyses revealed that DTG1 plays a pivotal role in regulation of tillering and grain size.The DTG1^(I357K) allelic variant exhibited robust functionality in suppressing tillering.We show that DTG1 is preferentially expressed in tiller buds and young panicles,and negatively regulates grain size by restricting cell proliferation in spikelet hulls.We further confirm that DTG1 functioned in grain size regulation by directly interacting with Grain Width 2(GW2),a critical grain size regulator in rice.The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of DTG1 significantly enhanced tiller number and grain size,thereby increasing rice grain yield under field conditions,thus highlighting potential value of DTG1 in rice breeding.
基金supported by the NSFC Grant No.11872210 and Grant No.MCMS-I-0120G01Chi-Wang Shu:Research is supported by the AFOSR Grant FA9550-20-1-0055 and the NSF Grant DMS-2010107Jianxian Qiu:Research is supported by the NSFC Grant No.12071392.
文摘In this paper, we design high-order Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) methods with multi-resolution weighted essentially non-oscillatory (multi-resolution WENO) limiters to compute compressible steady-state problems on triangular meshes. A troubled cell indicator extended from structured meshes to unstructured meshes is constructed to identify triangular cells in which the application of the limiting procedures is required. In such troubled cells, the multi-resolution WENO limiting methods are used to the hierarchical L^(2) projection polynomial sequence of the DG solution. Through using the RKDG methods with multi-resolution WENO limiters, the optimal high-order accuracy can be gradually reduced to first-order in the triangular troubled cells, so that the shock wave oscillations can be well suppressed. In steady-state simulations on triangular meshes, the numerical residual converges to near machine zero. The proposed spatial reconstruction methods enhance the robustness of classical DG methods on triangular meshes. The good results of these RKDG methods with multi-resolution WENO limiters are verified by a series of two-dimensional steady-state problems.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81900910)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ19H120003)Basic Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou(No.Y2023809).
文摘AIM:To determine the factors related to preoperative ocular characters that are predictive of insufficient vault(<250μm)after implantable collamer lens(ICL V4c;STAAR Surgical)implantation.METHODS:The participants underwent ICL surgery and were divided into the low(<250μm)and normal(250-1000μm)vault groups based on the postoperative vault at 3mo.The preoperative biometric parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.The relationship between the 3-month vault values and preoperative ocular parameters were evaluated by Generalized estimating equations.RESULTS:Sixteen(23 eyes)and 36 patients(63 eyes)were in the low and normal vault groups,respectively.All implantation procedures were uneventful with no cataract formation in the early postoperative period.The sulcusto-sulcus lens rise(STSL)and iris ciliary angle(ICA)were correlated with vault at 3mo after surgery.Every 0.1 mm increase in STSL was associated with 38.9μm decrease in the postoperative 3-month vault.A rise of 1 degree in ICA is associated with a reduction of 4μm in vault.CONCLUSION:Eyes with a narrow ciliary sulcus are associated with a higher rate of low vault after ICL implantation,suggesting a need for adjustments to the ICL size in these patients.Evaluating the characteristics of the ciliary sulcus contributes valuable information to predict low vault after surgery.
基金financial support from the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(No.22231009)the University Development Fund at the Chinese University of Hong Kong,Shenzhen(No.UDF01003116)。
文摘The classification of π-/σ-aromaticity depends on the electrons with the dominating contributions.Traditionally,π-andσ-aromaticity are used to describe the unsaturated and saturated systems,respectively.Thus,it is rarely reported that π-aromaticity is dominated in a saturated system.Here we demonstrate that π-aromaticity could be dominating in several fully saturated four-membered rings(4MRs),supported by various aromaticity indices including ΔBL,NICS,EDDB,MCI,and Ad NDP.The origin of suchπ-aromaticity in saturated rings could be attributed to an introduction of two additional electrons into the π-type LUMO of the parent neutral species.Our findings represent a novel approach to achieve π-aromaticity into a fully saturated system which has traditionally been dominated by σ-aromaticity.
