Wavelength division multiplexing technology has been pivotal in addressing the demand for high-capacity optical communication with silicon photonics providing a promising platform. This work presents a 16-channel wave...Wavelength division multiplexing technology has been pivotal in addressing the demand for high-capacity optical communication with silicon photonics providing a promising platform. This work presents a 16-channel wavelength division multiplexing silicon photonics receiver chip composed of an arrayed waveguide grating and Ge-on-Si photodetectors. Integrated inductors are introduced to enhance the high-speed performance of photodetectors, enabling data rates up to 112 Gbps with high responsivity and low dark current. The operating wavelength range of the arrayed wavelength grating is adjusted according to the response of the Ge-on-Si photodetector. The optical insertion loss, cross talk and central wavelength of the array waveguide grating are 2.1 to 3.7 d B,-12 to-15 d B, and 1538 nm, respectively. The proposed receiver chip offers a solution to meet the challenges of modern data transmission requirements.展开更多
Our gosl was to develop and experimentally validate a polarization-interferene method for phsae scanning of laser speckle fields generated by diffuse layers of birefringent biological tissues.This method isolates and ...Our gosl was to develop and experimentally validate a polarization-interferene method for phsae scanning of laser speckle fields generated by diffuse layers of birefringent biological tissues.This method isolates and uses new diagnostic parameters related to the"phsse WAvEs of local depolarization".We combined polarization-interferenæregistration with phase scanning of complex amplitude distributions in diffuse Laser speckle fields to detect phase waves of local depolarization in birefringent fibrillar networks of biological tisue and messure their modulation depth.This eppгоsch led to the discovery of new criteria for differentiating verious necrotic changes in diffuse histological samples of myocardial tisue from decmsed individuals with"ischemic heart disase(IHD)--cute coronary insufficiency(ACT)",even in the presænce of a high level of depolarized bckground.To evaluate the degree of necrotic changes in the optical anisotropy of difuse myocardial Layers,a new quantitative parameter--modulation depth of local depolarization wave fluctustions-has been proposed.Using this approsch,for the first time,differentiation of diffuse myocardial samples from decessed individuals with IHD and ACI was achieved witha very good 90.45%and outstanding aocuracy of 95.2%.展开更多
A new polarization–interference biomedical diagnostic three-dimensional(3D)Jones-matrix technology with digital Fourier reconstruction of layered maps of optical anisotropy(thesiograms)of dehydrated films(facies)of b...A new polarization–interference biomedical diagnostic three-dimensional(3D)Jones-matrix technology with digital Fourier reconstruction of layered maps of optical anisotropy(thesiograms)of dehydrated films(facies)of biological fluids of human organs is presented and experimentally tested.An original model of layered phase scanning of polycrystalline architectonics of supramolecular networks of biological fluid facies is proposed for the purpose of theoretical justification and prognostic use of the obtained results.On its basis,algorithms of Jones-matrix reconstruction of thesiograms of birefringence and dichroism of facies of synovial fluid,bile and blood are found.As a result,layered thesiograms of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of facies with different spatial–angular architectonics of supramolecular networks are experimentally obtained for the first time.Within the framework of statistical analysis of experimental data,new objective markers(asymmetry and excess of optical anisotropy parameter distributions)for diagnostics of pathological changes in the optical anisotropy of biological fluid facies were defined and clinically tested.As a result,an excellent level of balanced accuracy of the developed polarization–interference Jones-matrix method of layer-by-layer reconstruction of thesiograms of polycrystalline supramolecular networks in differential diagnostics of bile facies(cholelithiasis),synovial fluid(reactive synovitis–septic arthritis)and whole blood(follicular adenoma–papillary thyroid cancer)was achieved.展开更多
The identification of rock mass discontinuities is critical for rock mass characterization.While high-resolution digital outcrop models(DOMs)are widely used,current digital methods struggle to generalize across divers...The identification of rock mass discontinuities is critical for rock mass characterization.While high-resolution digital outcrop models(DOMs)are widely used,current digital methods struggle to generalize across diverse geological settings.Large-scale models(LSMs),with vast parameter spaces and extensive training datasets,excel in solving complex visual problems.This study explores the potential of using one such LSM,Segment anything model(SAM),to identify facet-type discontinuities across several outcrops via interactive prompting.The findings demonstrate that SAM effectively segments two-dimensional(2D)discontinuities,with its generalization capability validated on a dataset of 2426 identified discontinuities across 170 outcrops.The model achieves 0.78 mean IoU and 0.86 average precision using 11-point prompts.To extend to three dimensions(3D),a framework integrating SAM with Structure-from-Motion(SfM)was proposed.By utilizing the inherent but often overlooked relationship between image pixels and point clouds in SfM,the identification process was simplified and generalized across photogrammetric devices.Benchmark studies showed that the framework achieved 0.91 average precision,identifying 87 discontinuities in Dataset-3D.The results confirm its high precision and efficiency,making it a valuable tool for data annotation.The proposed method offers a practical solution for geological investigations.展开更多
Food-derived bioactive peptides exhibit good health-promoting effects.In this study,low molecular weight chicken intestine peptide(CIP)below 2 kDa is prepared through trypsin hydrolysis of chicken intestine and ultraf...Food-derived bioactive peptides exhibit good health-promoting effects.In this study,low molecular weight chicken intestine peptide(CIP)below 2 kDa is prepared through trypsin hydrolysis of chicken intestine and ultrafiltration,and the hepatoprotective effects of CIP and underlying mechanisms were investigated.Our findings indicated that CIP alleviated acute liver injury induced by alcohol in mice.Because of iron chelating properties and free radical scavenging activities,CIP inhibited the overload of free iron and the accumulation of lipid peroxides in liver tissues,thereby suppressing alcohol-induced ferroptosis of hepatocytes.In vitro studies demonstrated that CIP suppressed lipid peroxidation and subsequent ferroptosis of HepG2 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide.Mechanistic studies further revealed that CIP promoted the expression and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2),leading to the increased transcription of antioxidant response elements and solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11).This promoted the synthesis of glutathione and enhanced the enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),facilitating the clearance of lipid peroxides.These findings suggest that CIP holds promise for the prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver disease and other oxidative stress-related liver diseases.展开更多
Monovalent anions,with relatively low charge density,exhibit weak bond energy with Zn^(2+)ions,which facilitates the solubility of Zn salts and the regulation of solvation structures.In this study,zinc bis(aminosulfat...Monovalent anions,with relatively low charge density,exhibit weak bond energy with Zn^(2+)ions,which facilitates the solubility of Zn salts and the regulation of solvation structures.In this study,zinc bis(aminosulfate)(Zn(NH_(2)SO_(3))_(2))with a monovalent anion,NH_(2)SO_(3)^(-),was synthesized and dissolved in different ratios of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)and H_(2)O as electrolytes for Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs).From the perspective of game theory,the influences of DMSO and H_(2)O on the solvation structure and electrochemical performance of the Zn(NH_(2)SO_(3))_(2)based electrolytes has been meticulously discussed.Computations and spectra analysis indicate that DMSO molecules are reluctant to penetrate the primary solvation structure of Zn^(2+)ions.Indeed,increasing DMSO in electrolytes can induce a transition from solvent-separated ion pairs(SSIP)to contact ion pairs(CIP),resulting in an enrichment of anions in the primary solvation structure.This alteration can significantly suppress parasitic reactions,enhance nucleation density,and refine the deposition morphology during the Zn plating process,leading to superior cyclic stability and high coulombic efficiency(CE)of Zn//Cu and Zn//Zn cells.However,the enrichment of anions in the primary solvation structure also inhibits the activity of Zn^(2+)ions,amplifies the polarization effect,and engenders a sluggish ionization dynamics,resulting in the low energy conversion efficiency of the battery.These findings underscore the influence of the anion ratio within the primary solvation structure on electrochemical properties of electrolytes for ZIBs,which may be a pivotal determinant in the Zn deposition process.展开更多
Perovskite single crystals(PSCs)have attracted significant interest for next-generation radiation detection.However,the lack of in-depth crystal growth kinetics of PSCs limits the development of high-quality PSCs.Here...Perovskite single crystals(PSCs)have attracted significant interest for next-generation radiation detection.However,the lack of in-depth crystal growth kinetics of PSCs limits the development of high-quality PSCs.Here,with an in-situ real-time monitoring system for MAPbBr3 PSCs growth during the antisolvent vapor-assisted crystallization(AVC)process,the growth curves of MAPbBr3 PSCs are obtained and the growth kinetics are theoretically modeled.Two important factors,including antisolvent vapor flux and initial precursor concentration,have been investigated experimentally for their impacts on crystal quality.By controlling the antisolvent vapor flux,the nucleation of PSCs at the container-solution interface can be regulated;while by controlling the initial precursor concentration,the crystal quality can be improved.The optimized MAPbBr3 PSCs exhibited significantly high qualities,with the narrowest reported full width at half maximum(0.00637°)of X-ray diffraction rocking curve as reported,a trap-state density as low as 2.12×10^(10 )cm^(−3),and a mobility-lifetime(μτ)product of 1.4×10^(−2) cm^(2) V^(−1).The fabricated X-ray detectors demonstrated optimal performance at an electric field of 20 V/mm,with a sensitivity of 9.02×10^(3)μC Gy^(−1) cm^(−2) and the lowest detectable dose rate of 0.08μGy s^(−1) under irradiation with continuum X-ray energy up to 20 keV.This work provides valuable insights for the development of high-quality PSCs for direct radiation detection.展开更多
Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)or vivipary is a major problem affecting cereal quality and grain quantity and is primarily linked to the dysregulation of abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis in plants.Therefore,elucidating the m...Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)or vivipary is a major problem affecting cereal quality and grain quantity and is primarily linked to the dysregulation of abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis in plants.Therefore,elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing seed dormancy is crucial for developing strategies to improve crop productivity.In this study,we identified a novel viviparous maize mutant,viviparous-like 5(vp-like5),which exhibits precocious germination in developing seeds.Through map-based cloning,we discovered that ZmCNX6,which encodes a small subunit of molybdopterin synthase essential for molybdenum cofactor(MoCo)biosynthesis,is the causal gene responsible for the vp-like5 phenotype.Biochemical assays have demonstrated significantly reduced activities of MoCo-dependent enzymes,including aldehyde oxidase(AO),xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH),and nitrate reductase(NR),in vplike5.AO is essential for the ABA biosynthesis,and the observed ABA deficiency in vp-like5 likely drives the viviparous phenotype.Expression analysis showed that ZmCNX6 was stably expressed during seed development,indicating its significant role in seed development.Furthermore,overexpression of ZmCNX6 not only enhanced the activities of MoCo-dependent enzymes but also improved drought tolerance in maize.Collectively,our study revealed ZmCNX6 as a multifunctional hub coordinating MoCo metabolism,ABA-dependent dormancy regulation,and abiotic stress responses,offering a potential target for simultaneously mitigating vivipary and improving drought resistance in maize.展开更多
This study has employed the master chemical mechanism(MCM)to investigate the influence of the ozone oxidation pathways in the atmospheric formation of H_(2)SO_(4)from shortchain olefins in industrialized areas.In-situ...This study has employed the master chemical mechanism(MCM)to investigate the influence of the ozone oxidation pathways in the atmospheric formation of H_(2)SO_(4)from shortchain olefins in industrialized areas.In-situ H_(2)SO_(4)formation data were obtained using a high-resolution chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer,and the simulated H_(2)SO_(4)concentrations calculated using updated parameters for the MCM model exhibited good agreementwith observations.In the simulation analysis of different reaction pathways involved in H_(2)SO_(4)formation,hydroxyl radicals were found to dominate H_(2)SO_(4)production during the daytime,while olefin ozone oxidation contributed up to 65%of total H_(2)SO_(4)production during the night-time.A sensitivity analysis of the H_(2)SO_(4)production parameters has revealed a high sensitivity to changes in sulfur dioxide,and a relatively high sensitivity to olefins with fast ozonolysis reaction rates and bimolecular reaction rates of resulting stabilized Criegee Intermediates.A high relative humidity promotes daytime H_(2)SO_(4)formation,but has an inhibiting effect during the night-time due to the different dominant reaction pathways.展开更多
A silicon-based germanium(Ge)photodetector working for C and L bands is proposed in this paper.The device fea-tures a novel asymmetric PIN structure,which contributes to a more optimized electric field distribution in...A silicon-based germanium(Ge)photodetector working for C and L bands is proposed in this paper.The device fea-tures a novel asymmetric PIN structure,which contributes to a more optimized electric field distribution in Ge and a shorter effective width of depleted region.Meanwhile,the optical structure is designed carefully to enhance responsivity for broad-band.Under-7 V,where the weak avalanche process happens,the responsivity of our device is 1.49 and 1.16 A/W at 1550 and 1600 nm,with bandwidth of 47.1 and 44.5 GHz,respectively.These performances demonstrate the significant application poten-tial of the device in optical communication systems.展开更多
Aerosol hygroscopicity and liquid water content(ALWC)have important influences on the environmental and climate effect of aerosols.In this study,we measured the hygroscopic growth factors(GF)of particles with dry diam...Aerosol hygroscopicity and liquid water content(ALWC)have important influences on the environmental and climate effect of aerosols.In this study,we measured the hygroscopic growth factors(GF)of particles with dry diameters of 40,80,150,and 200 nm during the wintertime in Nanjing.Both the GF-derived hygroscopicity parameter(κ_(gf))and ALWC increased with particle size,but displayed differing diurnal variations,withκ_(gf)peaking around the midday,while ALWC peaking in the early morning.Nitrate,ammonium and oxygenated organic aerosols(OOA)were found as the chemical components mostly strongly correlated with ALWC.A closure study suggests that during midday photo-oxidation and nighttime high ALWC periods,theκof organic aerosols(κ_(org))was underestimated when using previous parameterizations.Accordingly,we re-constructed parameterizations forκ_(org)and the oxidation level of organics for these periods,which indicates a higher hygroscopicity of photochemically formed OOA than the aqueous OOA,yet both being much higher than the generally assumed OOA hygroscopicity.Additionally,in a typical high ALWC episode,concurrently increased ALWC,nitrate,OOA as well as aerosol surface area and mass concentrations were observed under elevated ambient RH.This strongly indicates a coupled effect that the hygroscopic secondary aerosols,in particular nitratewith strong hygroscopicity,led to large increase in ALWC,which in turn synergistically boosted nitrate and OOA formation by heterogeneous/aqueous reactions.Such interaction may represent an important mechanism contributing to enhanced formation of secondary aerosols and rapid growth of fine particulate matter under relatively high RH conditions.展开更多
The scale effect on shear strength of rock joints is well-documented.However,whether scale effects are negative,positive,or even exist or not is still controversial.Joint roughness significantly influences the shear s...The scale effect on shear strength of rock joints is well-documented.However,whether scale effects are negative,positive,or even exist or not is still controversial.Joint roughness significantly influences the shear strength of rock joints.Compared to the shear tests,using the joint roughness coefficient(JRC)and its roughness parameters offers a more convenient method for describing the scale effect on shear strength.However,it is crucial to understand that the scale effect mechanisms of JRC are distinct from those of shear strength.Therefore,this paper aims to clarify these distinct mechanisms.By digitally extracting roughness parameters from granite samples,it is found that the scale effect of roughness parameters mainly comes from the sampling methods and the geometric characteristics of parameters.Furthermore,a full data sampling method considering heterogeneity is proposed to obtain more representative roughness parameters.To reveal the scale effect mechanisms of shear strength,Gaussian filtering is firstly used to separate the waviness and unevenness components of roughness,facilitating a deeper understanding of the geometric characteristics of roughness.It is suggested that the wavelength of the waviness component can reflect the scale effect on shear strength.Secondly,numerical simulations of ideal artificial joint models are conducted to validate that the wavelength of the waviness component serves as the dividing point between positive and negative scale effects.The mechanical mechanisms of positive and negative scale effects are also interpreted.Finally,these mechanisms successfully elucidate the occurrence patterns of the scale effect on natural joint profiles.展开更多
<b>Objective:</b> 120 patients with severe pneumonia who were kept in the comprehensive ICU of our hospital in 2018 were selected, and 16s rDNA sequencing was performed to analyze the composition of pathog...<b>Objective:</b> 120 patients with severe pneumonia who were kept in the comprehensive ICU of our hospital in 2018 were selected, and 16s rDNA sequencing was performed to analyze the composition of pathogenic bacteria in the sputum of severe pneumonia. <b>Methods:</b> The sputum samples of patients with severe bacterial pneumonia were collected, and the diversity of pathogens in the samples was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and high-throughput sequencing (16s rDNA PCR-DGGE). <b>Results:</b> Sequence showed that sputum samples contained a relatively large number of species, and there were many species that were not detected by sequencing. The dominant bacteria were <i>Streptococcus, Sphingomonas, Corynebacterium, Denatobacteria, Aquobacteria, Acinetobacteria, Prevotella, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas</i>, etc. <b>Conclusion:</b> Bacteria caused by sputum of severe bacterial pneumonia are complex and diverse, which provides new methods and ideas for individualized treatment of patients with severe pneumonia.展开更多
The diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria in severe pneumonia is difficult and the prognosis is poor. Its outcome is closely related to bacterial pathogenicity and the timeliness and pertinence of antibiotic treatment. The...The diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria in severe pneumonia is difficult and the prognosis is poor. Its outcome is closely related to bacterial pathogenicity and the timeliness and pertinence of antibiotic treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis is of great significance to the prognosis of patients. Sputum examination and culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pathogens of severe pneumonia. However, due to the long time of bacterial culture, the early use of antibiotics, the change of bacteria species, mixed infection and other problems, the results of bacterial culture in sputum are often false negative. With the continuous application of new molecular biology techniques in clinical detection, the classification of bacteria and microorganisms has deepened from the identification of phenotypic characteristics to the classification of gene characteristics. Sequencing analysis with 16S rDNA sequencing technology has the characteristics of high sequencing flux, large amount of data obtained, short cycle, and can more comprehensively reflect the species composition of microbial community, real species distribution and abundance information. In this paper, 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial population composition in the sputum of severe pneumonia, and to explore a new method of etiological diagnosis.展开更多
A continuous online observation of ozone and its precursors(NOx, VOCs) was carried out in central urban Wuhan from September 2016 to August 2017. The concentration levels of ozone,NOx, VOCs and their variations in urb...A continuous online observation of ozone and its precursors(NOx, VOCs) was carried out in central urban Wuhan from September 2016 to August 2017. The concentration levels of ozone,NOx, VOCs and their variations in urban Wuhan were analyzed, as well as effects of VOCs on ozone photochemical generation and the main controlling factors for ozone production. During the observation period, the average concentrations of ozone and NOx in Wuhan was 22.63 and30.14 ppbv, respectively, and the average concentration of VOCs was 32.61 ppbv(42.3% alkanes,13.0% alkenes, 10.0% aromatics, 7.3% acetylene, 9.9% OVOCs, and 10.5% halohydrocarbons).Ozone concentration was higher in spring and summer as compared with autumn and winter,wheras VOCs and NOx concentratios were lower in spring and summer but higher in autumn and winter. Aromatics and alkenes, two of VOCs species, showed the highest contributions to ozone formation potential in Wuhan(35.7% alkenes, 35.4 aromatics, 17.5% alkanes, 8.6% OVOCs,1.6% halogenated hydrocarbons, and 1.4% acetylene). Among all VOCs species, those with the highest contribution were ethylene, m-xylene, toluene, propylene and o-xylene. The contribution of these five compounds to the total ozone formation potential concentration was 43.90%.Ozone-controlling factors in Wuhan changed within one day; during the early morning hours(6:00–9:00), VOCs/NOx was low, and ozone generation followed a VOCs-limited regime.However, during the peak time of ozone concentration(12:00–16:00), the ratio of VOCs/NOx was relatively high, suggesting that ozone generation followed a NOx-limited regime.展开更多
AIM To perform a meta-analysis on laparoscopic hepatectomy VS conventional liver resection for treating hepatolithiasis.METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search on Pub Med,Embase,Web of Science and Cochrane...AIM To perform a meta-analysis on laparoscopic hepatectomy VS conventional liver resection for treating hepatolithiasis.METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search on Pub Med,Embase,Web of Science and Cochrane Library,and undertook a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic hepatectomy V S conventional open liver resection for local hepatolithiasis in the left or right lobe. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes(time,estimated blood loss,blood transfusion rate,postoperative intestinal function recovery time,length of hospital stay,postoperative complication rate,initial residual stone,final residual stone and stone recurrence) were analyzed systematically.RESULTS A comprehensive literature search retrieved 16 publications with a total of 1329 cases. Meta-analysis of these studies showed that the laparoscopic approach for hepatolithiasis was associated with significantly less intraoperative estimated blood loss [weighted mean difference(WMD): 61.56,95% confidence interval(CI): 14.91-108.20,P = 0.01],lower blood transfusion rate [odds ratio(OR): 0.41,95%CI: 0.22-0.79,P = 0.008],shorter intestinal function recovery time(WMD: 0.98,95%CI: 0.47-1.48,P = 0.01),lower total postoperative complication rate(OR: 0.52,95%CI: 0.39-0.70,P < 0.0001) and shorter stay in hospital(WMD: 3.32,95%CI: 2.32-4.32,P < 0.00001). In addition,our results showed no significant differences between the two groups in operative time(WMD: 21.49,95%CI: 0.27-43.24,P = 0.05),residual stones(OR: 0.79,95%CI: 0.50-1.25,P = 0.31) and stone recurrence(OR: 0.34,95%CI: 0.11-1.08,P = 0.07). Furthermore,with subgroups analysis,our results proved that the laparoscopic approach for hepatolithiasis in the left lateral lobe and left side could achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION The laparoscopic approach is safe and effective,with less intraoperative estimated blood loss,fewer postoperative complications,reduced length of hospital stay and shorter intestinal function recovery time than with conventional approaches.展开更多
This study aims at the probabilistic assessment of tunnel convergence considering the spatial variability in rock mass properties. The method of interpolated autocorrelation combined with finite difference analysis is...This study aims at the probabilistic assessment of tunnel convergence considering the spatial variability in rock mass properties. The method of interpolated autocorrelation combined with finite difference analysis is adopted to model the spatial variability of rock mass properties. An iterative procedure using the first-order reliability method(FORM) and response surface method(RSM) is employed to compute the reliability index and its corresponding design point. The results indicate that the spatial variability considerably affects the computed reliability index. The probability of failure could be noticeably overestimated in the case where the spatial variability is neglected. The vertical scale of fluctuation has a much higher effect on the probabilistic result with respect to the tunnel convergence than the horizontal scale of fluctuation. And the influence of different spacing of control points on the computational accuracy is investigated.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB2802400)National Natural Science Foundation of China (62250010, 62090054, 62274160)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2021111)。
文摘Wavelength division multiplexing technology has been pivotal in addressing the demand for high-capacity optical communication with silicon photonics providing a promising platform. This work presents a 16-channel wavelength division multiplexing silicon photonics receiver chip composed of an arrayed waveguide grating and Ge-on-Si photodetectors. Integrated inductors are introduced to enhance the high-speed performance of photodetectors, enabling data rates up to 112 Gbps with high responsivity and low dark current. The operating wavelength range of the arrayed wavelength grating is adjusted according to the response of the Ge-on-Si photodetector. The optical insertion loss, cross talk and central wavelength of the array waveguide grating are 2.1 to 3.7 d B,-12 to-15 d B, and 1538 nm, respectively. The proposed receiver chip offers a solution to meet the challenges of modern data transmission requirements.
文摘Our gosl was to develop and experimentally validate a polarization-interferene method for phsae scanning of laser speckle fields generated by diffuse layers of birefringent biological tissues.This method isolates and uses new diagnostic parameters related to the"phsse WAvEs of local depolarization".We combined polarization-interferenæregistration with phase scanning of complex amplitude distributions in diffuse Laser speckle fields to detect phase waves of local depolarization in birefringent fibrillar networks of biological tisue and messure their modulation depth.This eppгоsch led to the discovery of new criteria for differentiating verious necrotic changes in diffuse histological samples of myocardial tisue from decmsed individuals with"ischemic heart disase(IHD)--cute coronary insufficiency(ACT)",even in the presænce of a high level of depolarized bckground.To evaluate the degree of necrotic changes in the optical anisotropy of difuse myocardial Layers,a new quantitative parameter--modulation depth of local depolarization wave fluctustions-has been proposed.Using this approsch,for the first time,differentiation of diffuse myocardial samples from decessed individuals with IHD and ACI was achieved witha very good 90.45%and outstanding aocuracy of 95.2%.
文摘A new polarization–interference biomedical diagnostic three-dimensional(3D)Jones-matrix technology with digital Fourier reconstruction of layered maps of optical anisotropy(thesiograms)of dehydrated films(facies)of biological fluids of human organs is presented and experimentally tested.An original model of layered phase scanning of polycrystalline architectonics of supramolecular networks of biological fluid facies is proposed for the purpose of theoretical justification and prognostic use of the obtained results.On its basis,algorithms of Jones-matrix reconstruction of thesiograms of birefringence and dichroism of facies of synovial fluid,bile and blood are found.As a result,layered thesiograms of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of facies with different spatial–angular architectonics of supramolecular networks are experimentally obtained for the first time.Within the framework of statistical analysis of experimental data,new objective markers(asymmetry and excess of optical anisotropy parameter distributions)for diagnostics of pathological changes in the optical anisotropy of biological fluid facies were defined and clinically tested.As a result,an excellent level of balanced accuracy of the developed polarization–interference Jones-matrix method of layer-by-layer reconstruction of thesiograms of polycrystalline supramolecular networks in differential diagnostics of bile facies(cholelithiasis),synovial fluid(reactive synovitis–septic arthritis)and whole blood(follicular adenoma–papillary thyroid cancer)was achieved.
基金support in dataset preparation.This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42422704 and 52379109)Opening the fund of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(Chengdu University of Technology)(No.SKLGP2024K028)Science and Technology Research and Design Projects of China State Construction Engineering Corporation Ltd.(No.CSCEC-2024-Q-68).
文摘The identification of rock mass discontinuities is critical for rock mass characterization.While high-resolution digital outcrop models(DOMs)are widely used,current digital methods struggle to generalize across diverse geological settings.Large-scale models(LSMs),with vast parameter spaces and extensive training datasets,excel in solving complex visual problems.This study explores the potential of using one such LSM,Segment anything model(SAM),to identify facet-type discontinuities across several outcrops via interactive prompting.The findings demonstrate that SAM effectively segments two-dimensional(2D)discontinuities,with its generalization capability validated on a dataset of 2426 identified discontinuities across 170 outcrops.The model achieves 0.78 mean IoU and 0.86 average precision using 11-point prompts.To extend to three dimensions(3D),a framework integrating SAM with Structure-from-Motion(SfM)was proposed.By utilizing the inherent but often overlooked relationship between image pixels and point clouds in SfM,the identification process was simplified and generalized across photogrammetric devices.Benchmark studies showed that the framework achieved 0.91 average precision,identifying 87 discontinuities in Dataset-3D.The results confirm its high precision and efficiency,making it a valuable tool for data annotation.The proposed method offers a practical solution for geological investigations.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2341004 and 82174054)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2023B1515040016,2021B1515120023 and 2023LSYS002)+2 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(2024A03J090)the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01Y036)the Innovation Team Project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(2020KCXTD003)and GDUPS(2019).
文摘Food-derived bioactive peptides exhibit good health-promoting effects.In this study,low molecular weight chicken intestine peptide(CIP)below 2 kDa is prepared through trypsin hydrolysis of chicken intestine and ultrafiltration,and the hepatoprotective effects of CIP and underlying mechanisms were investigated.Our findings indicated that CIP alleviated acute liver injury induced by alcohol in mice.Because of iron chelating properties and free radical scavenging activities,CIP inhibited the overload of free iron and the accumulation of lipid peroxides in liver tissues,thereby suppressing alcohol-induced ferroptosis of hepatocytes.In vitro studies demonstrated that CIP suppressed lipid peroxidation and subsequent ferroptosis of HepG2 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide.Mechanistic studies further revealed that CIP promoted the expression and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2),leading to the increased transcription of antioxidant response elements and solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11).This promoted the synthesis of glutathione and enhanced the enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),facilitating the clearance of lipid peroxides.These findings suggest that CIP holds promise for the prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver disease and other oxidative stress-related liver diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972187 and 22279068)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023ME182)the Fundation of Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials(Anhui University of Technology)(GFST2024KF03)。
文摘Monovalent anions,with relatively low charge density,exhibit weak bond energy with Zn^(2+)ions,which facilitates the solubility of Zn salts and the regulation of solvation structures.In this study,zinc bis(aminosulfate)(Zn(NH_(2)SO_(3))_(2))with a monovalent anion,NH_(2)SO_(3)^(-),was synthesized and dissolved in different ratios of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)and H_(2)O as electrolytes for Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs).From the perspective of game theory,the influences of DMSO and H_(2)O on the solvation structure and electrochemical performance of the Zn(NH_(2)SO_(3))_(2)based electrolytes has been meticulously discussed.Computations and spectra analysis indicate that DMSO molecules are reluctant to penetrate the primary solvation structure of Zn^(2+)ions.Indeed,increasing DMSO in electrolytes can induce a transition from solvent-separated ion pairs(SSIP)to contact ion pairs(CIP),resulting in an enrichment of anions in the primary solvation structure.This alteration can significantly suppress parasitic reactions,enhance nucleation density,and refine the deposition morphology during the Zn plating process,leading to superior cyclic stability and high coulombic efficiency(CE)of Zn//Cu and Zn//Zn cells.However,the enrichment of anions in the primary solvation structure also inhibits the activity of Zn^(2+)ions,amplifies the polarization effect,and engenders a sluggish ionization dynamics,resulting in the low energy conversion efficiency of the battery.These findings underscore the influence of the anion ratio within the primary solvation structure on electrochemical properties of electrolytes for ZIBs,which may be a pivotal determinant in the Zn deposition process.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFB2206103)the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation(Nos.61975196,62274160,and 62250010)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB43020100)the Youth Innova-tion Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021111).
文摘Perovskite single crystals(PSCs)have attracted significant interest for next-generation radiation detection.However,the lack of in-depth crystal growth kinetics of PSCs limits the development of high-quality PSCs.Here,with an in-situ real-time monitoring system for MAPbBr3 PSCs growth during the antisolvent vapor-assisted crystallization(AVC)process,the growth curves of MAPbBr3 PSCs are obtained and the growth kinetics are theoretically modeled.Two important factors,including antisolvent vapor flux and initial precursor concentration,have been investigated experimentally for their impacts on crystal quality.By controlling the antisolvent vapor flux,the nucleation of PSCs at the container-solution interface can be regulated;while by controlling the initial precursor concentration,the crystal quality can be improved.The optimized MAPbBr3 PSCs exhibited significantly high qualities,with the narrowest reported full width at half maximum(0.00637°)of X-ray diffraction rocking curve as reported,a trap-state density as low as 2.12×10^(10 )cm^(−3),and a mobility-lifetime(μτ)product of 1.4×10^(−2) cm^(2) V^(−1).The fabricated X-ray detectors demonstrated optimal performance at an electric field of 20 V/mm,with a sensitivity of 9.02×10^(3)μC Gy^(−1) cm^(−2) and the lowest detectable dose rate of 0.08μGy s^(−1) under irradiation with continuum X-ray energy up to 20 keV.This work provides valuable insights for the development of high-quality PSCs for direct radiation detection.
基金supported by the Open Project of Key Laboratory,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023D04070)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(CAAS-CSCB-202403)。
文摘Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)or vivipary is a major problem affecting cereal quality and grain quantity and is primarily linked to the dysregulation of abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis in plants.Therefore,elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing seed dormancy is crucial for developing strategies to improve crop productivity.In this study,we identified a novel viviparous maize mutant,viviparous-like 5(vp-like5),which exhibits precocious germination in developing seeds.Through map-based cloning,we discovered that ZmCNX6,which encodes a small subunit of molybdopterin synthase essential for molybdenum cofactor(MoCo)biosynthesis,is the causal gene responsible for the vp-like5 phenotype.Biochemical assays have demonstrated significantly reduced activities of MoCo-dependent enzymes,including aldehyde oxidase(AO),xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH),and nitrate reductase(NR),in vplike5.AO is essential for the ABA biosynthesis,and the observed ABA deficiency in vp-like5 likely drives the viviparous phenotype.Expression analysis showed that ZmCNX6 was stably expressed during seed development,indicating its significant role in seed development.Furthermore,overexpression of ZmCNX6 not only enhanced the activities of MoCo-dependent enzymes but also improved drought tolerance in maize.Collectively,our study revealed ZmCNX6 as a multifunctional hub coordinating MoCo metabolism,ABA-dependent dormancy regulation,and abiotic stress responses,offering a potential target for simultaneously mitigating vivipary and improving drought resistance in maize.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41975172,42275116,and 41730106).
文摘This study has employed the master chemical mechanism(MCM)to investigate the influence of the ozone oxidation pathways in the atmospheric formation of H_(2)SO_(4)from shortchain olefins in industrialized areas.In-situ H_(2)SO_(4)formation data were obtained using a high-resolution chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer,and the simulated H_(2)SO_(4)concentrations calculated using updated parameters for the MCM model exhibited good agreementwith observations.In the simulation analysis of different reaction pathways involved in H_(2)SO_(4)formation,hydroxyl radicals were found to dominate H_(2)SO_(4)production during the daytime,while olefin ozone oxidation contributed up to 65%of total H_(2)SO_(4)production during the night-time.A sensitivity analysis of the H_(2)SO_(4)production parameters has revealed a high sensitivity to changes in sulfur dioxide,and a relatively high sensitivity to olefins with fast ozonolysis reaction rates and bimolecular reaction rates of resulting stabilized Criegee Intermediates.A high relative humidity promotes daytime H_(2)SO_(4)formation,but has an inhibiting effect during the night-time due to the different dominant reaction pathways.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2802400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62250010,62090054,62274160)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021111).
文摘A silicon-based germanium(Ge)photodetector working for C and L bands is proposed in this paper.The device fea-tures a novel asymmetric PIN structure,which contributes to a more optimized electric field distribution in Ge and a shorter effective width of depleted region.Meanwhile,the optical structure is designed carefully to enhance responsivity for broad-band.Under-7 V,where the weak avalanche process happens,the responsivity of our device is 1.49 and 1.16 A/W at 1550 and 1600 nm,with bandwidth of 47.1 and 44.5 GHz,respectively.These performances demonstrate the significant application poten-tial of the device in optical communication systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42275116 and 41975172).
文摘Aerosol hygroscopicity and liquid water content(ALWC)have important influences on the environmental and climate effect of aerosols.In this study,we measured the hygroscopic growth factors(GF)of particles with dry diameters of 40,80,150,and 200 nm during the wintertime in Nanjing.Both the GF-derived hygroscopicity parameter(κ_(gf))and ALWC increased with particle size,but displayed differing diurnal variations,withκ_(gf)peaking around the midday,while ALWC peaking in the early morning.Nitrate,ammonium and oxygenated organic aerosols(OOA)were found as the chemical components mostly strongly correlated with ALWC.A closure study suggests that during midday photo-oxidation and nighttime high ALWC periods,theκof organic aerosols(κ_(org))was underestimated when using previous parameterizations.Accordingly,we re-constructed parameterizations forκ_(org)and the oxidation level of organics for these periods,which indicates a higher hygroscopicity of photochemically formed OOA than the aqueous OOA,yet both being much higher than the generally assumed OOA hygroscopicity.Additionally,in a typical high ALWC episode,concurrently increased ALWC,nitrate,OOA as well as aerosol surface area and mass concentrations were observed under elevated ambient RH.This strongly indicates a coupled effect that the hygroscopic secondary aerosols,in particular nitratewith strong hygroscopicity,led to large increase in ALWC,which in turn synergistically boosted nitrate and OOA formation by heterogeneous/aqueous reactions.Such interaction may represent an important mechanism contributing to enhanced formation of secondary aerosols and rapid growth of fine particulate matter under relatively high RH conditions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation Projects(Grant Nos.41772287 and 42277132)the Key R&D Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2021C03159).
文摘The scale effect on shear strength of rock joints is well-documented.However,whether scale effects are negative,positive,or even exist or not is still controversial.Joint roughness significantly influences the shear strength of rock joints.Compared to the shear tests,using the joint roughness coefficient(JRC)and its roughness parameters offers a more convenient method for describing the scale effect on shear strength.However,it is crucial to understand that the scale effect mechanisms of JRC are distinct from those of shear strength.Therefore,this paper aims to clarify these distinct mechanisms.By digitally extracting roughness parameters from granite samples,it is found that the scale effect of roughness parameters mainly comes from the sampling methods and the geometric characteristics of parameters.Furthermore,a full data sampling method considering heterogeneity is proposed to obtain more representative roughness parameters.To reveal the scale effect mechanisms of shear strength,Gaussian filtering is firstly used to separate the waviness and unevenness components of roughness,facilitating a deeper understanding of the geometric characteristics of roughness.It is suggested that the wavelength of the waviness component can reflect the scale effect on shear strength.Secondly,numerical simulations of ideal artificial joint models are conducted to validate that the wavelength of the waviness component serves as the dividing point between positive and negative scale effects.The mechanical mechanisms of positive and negative scale effects are also interpreted.Finally,these mechanisms successfully elucidate the occurrence patterns of the scale effect on natural joint profiles.
文摘<b>Objective:</b> 120 patients with severe pneumonia who were kept in the comprehensive ICU of our hospital in 2018 were selected, and 16s rDNA sequencing was performed to analyze the composition of pathogenic bacteria in the sputum of severe pneumonia. <b>Methods:</b> The sputum samples of patients with severe bacterial pneumonia were collected, and the diversity of pathogens in the samples was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and high-throughput sequencing (16s rDNA PCR-DGGE). <b>Results:</b> Sequence showed that sputum samples contained a relatively large number of species, and there were many species that were not detected by sequencing. The dominant bacteria were <i>Streptococcus, Sphingomonas, Corynebacterium, Denatobacteria, Aquobacteria, Acinetobacteria, Prevotella, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas</i>, etc. <b>Conclusion:</b> Bacteria caused by sputum of severe bacterial pneumonia are complex and diverse, which provides new methods and ideas for individualized treatment of patients with severe pneumonia.
文摘The diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria in severe pneumonia is difficult and the prognosis is poor. Its outcome is closely related to bacterial pathogenicity and the timeliness and pertinence of antibiotic treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis is of great significance to the prognosis of patients. Sputum examination and culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pathogens of severe pneumonia. However, due to the long time of bacterial culture, the early use of antibiotics, the change of bacteria species, mixed infection and other problems, the results of bacterial culture in sputum are often false negative. With the continuous application of new molecular biology techniques in clinical detection, the classification of bacteria and microorganisms has deepened from the identification of phenotypic characteristics to the classification of gene characteristics. Sequencing analysis with 16S rDNA sequencing technology has the characteristics of high sequencing flux, large amount of data obtained, short cycle, and can more comprehensively reflect the species composition of microbial community, real species distribution and abundance information. In this paper, 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial population composition in the sputum of severe pneumonia, and to explore a new method of etiological diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91544221)the People's Republic of China Science and Technology Department(Nos.2014BAC21B01,2016YFC0202004)
文摘A continuous online observation of ozone and its precursors(NOx, VOCs) was carried out in central urban Wuhan from September 2016 to August 2017. The concentration levels of ozone,NOx, VOCs and their variations in urban Wuhan were analyzed, as well as effects of VOCs on ozone photochemical generation and the main controlling factors for ozone production. During the observation period, the average concentrations of ozone and NOx in Wuhan was 22.63 and30.14 ppbv, respectively, and the average concentration of VOCs was 32.61 ppbv(42.3% alkanes,13.0% alkenes, 10.0% aromatics, 7.3% acetylene, 9.9% OVOCs, and 10.5% halohydrocarbons).Ozone concentration was higher in spring and summer as compared with autumn and winter,wheras VOCs and NOx concentratios were lower in spring and summer but higher in autumn and winter. Aromatics and alkenes, two of VOCs species, showed the highest contributions to ozone formation potential in Wuhan(35.7% alkenes, 35.4 aromatics, 17.5% alkanes, 8.6% OVOCs,1.6% halogenated hydrocarbons, and 1.4% acetylene). Among all VOCs species, those with the highest contribution were ethylene, m-xylene, toluene, propylene and o-xylene. The contribution of these five compounds to the total ozone formation potential concentration was 43.90%.Ozone-controlling factors in Wuhan changed within one day; during the early morning hours(6:00–9:00), VOCs/NOx was low, and ozone generation followed a VOCs-limited regime.However, during the peak time of ozone concentration(12:00–16:00), the ratio of VOCs/NOx was relatively high, suggesting that ozone generation followed a NOx-limited regime.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81372243,No.81570593 and No.81370575Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Guangdong Province,No.2014B020228003 and No.2014B030301041+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2015A030312013Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,No.201400000001-3,No.201508020262 and No.2014J4100128Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,No.2017A020215178
文摘AIM To perform a meta-analysis on laparoscopic hepatectomy VS conventional liver resection for treating hepatolithiasis.METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search on Pub Med,Embase,Web of Science and Cochrane Library,and undertook a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic hepatectomy V S conventional open liver resection for local hepatolithiasis in the left or right lobe. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes(time,estimated blood loss,blood transfusion rate,postoperative intestinal function recovery time,length of hospital stay,postoperative complication rate,initial residual stone,final residual stone and stone recurrence) were analyzed systematically.RESULTS A comprehensive literature search retrieved 16 publications with a total of 1329 cases. Meta-analysis of these studies showed that the laparoscopic approach for hepatolithiasis was associated with significantly less intraoperative estimated blood loss [weighted mean difference(WMD): 61.56,95% confidence interval(CI): 14.91-108.20,P = 0.01],lower blood transfusion rate [odds ratio(OR): 0.41,95%CI: 0.22-0.79,P = 0.008],shorter intestinal function recovery time(WMD: 0.98,95%CI: 0.47-1.48,P = 0.01),lower total postoperative complication rate(OR: 0.52,95%CI: 0.39-0.70,P < 0.0001) and shorter stay in hospital(WMD: 3.32,95%CI: 2.32-4.32,P < 0.00001). In addition,our results showed no significant differences between the two groups in operative time(WMD: 21.49,95%CI: 0.27-43.24,P = 0.05),residual stones(OR: 0.79,95%CI: 0.50-1.25,P = 0.31) and stone recurrence(OR: 0.34,95%CI: 0.11-1.08,P = 0.07). Furthermore,with subgroups analysis,our results proved that the laparoscopic approach for hepatolithiasis in the left lateral lobe and left side could achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION The laparoscopic approach is safe and effective,with less intraoperative estimated blood loss,fewer postoperative complications,reduced length of hospital stay and shorter intestinal function recovery time than with conventional approaches.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41772287 and 41502268)the Research Program of Zhejiang Provincial Communication Department(No.2016-2-16)
文摘This study aims at the probabilistic assessment of tunnel convergence considering the spatial variability in rock mass properties. The method of interpolated autocorrelation combined with finite difference analysis is adopted to model the spatial variability of rock mass properties. An iterative procedure using the first-order reliability method(FORM) and response surface method(RSM) is employed to compute the reliability index and its corresponding design point. The results indicate that the spatial variability considerably affects the computed reliability index. The probability of failure could be noticeably overestimated in the case where the spatial variability is neglected. The vertical scale of fluctuation has a much higher effect on the probabilistic result with respect to the tunnel convergence than the horizontal scale of fluctuation. And the influence of different spacing of control points on the computational accuracy is investigated.
