Experiments exploring the propagation of heat waves within cylindrical CH foams were performed on the Shenguang-Ⅲ prototype laser facility in 2012.In this paper,the radiation fluxes out of CH foam cylinders at differ...Experiments exploring the propagation of heat waves within cylindrical CH foams were performed on the Shenguang-Ⅲ prototype laser facility in 2012.In this paper,the radiation fluxes out of CH foam cylinders at different angles are analyzed theoretically using the two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics code LARED-R.Owing to the difficulty in validating opacity and equation of state(EOS)data for high-Z plasmas,and to uncertainties in the measured radiation temperature Tr and the original foam densityρ0,multipliers are introduced to adjust the Au material parameters,Tr,andρ0 in our simulations to better explain the measurements.The dependences of the peak radiation flux Fmax and the breakout time of the heat wave thalf(defined as the time corresponding to the radiation flux at half-maximum)on the radiation source,opacity,EOS,andρ0 scaling factors(η_(src),η_(op),η_(eos),and η_(ρ))are investigated via numerical simulations combined with fitting.Then,with the uncertainties in the measured Tr andρ0 fixed at 3.6%and 3.1%,respectively,experimental data are exploited as fiducial values to determine the ranges ofη_(op) andηeos.It is found that the ranges ofη_(op) andηeos fixed by this experiment overlap partially with those found in our previous work[Meng et al.,Phys.Plasmas 20,092704(2013)].Based on the scaled opacity and EOS parameters,the values of F_(max) and t_(half) obtained via simulations are in good agreement with the measurements,with maximum errors∼9.5%and within 100 ps,respectively.展开更多
We employed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） coupled with capillary electrophoresis （mPCR-CE） targeting six Clostridium difficile genes, including tPi, tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB, and a deletion in tcdC for...We employed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） coupled with capillary electrophoresis （mPCR-CE） targeting six Clostridium difficile genes, including tPi, tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB, and a deletion in tcdC for simultaneous detection and characterization of toxigenic C. difficile directly from fecal specimens. The mPCR-CE had a limit of detection of 10 colony-forming units per reaction with no cross-reactions with other related bacterial genes. Clinical validation was performed on 354 consecutively collected stool specimens from patients with suspected C. difficile infection and 45 isolates. The results were compared with a reference standard combined with BD MAX Cdiff, real-time cell analysis assay （RTCA）, and mPCR-CE. The toxigenic C. difficile species were detected in 36 isolates and 45 stool specimens by the mPCR-CE, which provided a positive rate of 20.3% （81/399）. The mPCR-CE had a specificity of 97,2% and a sensitivity of 96.0%, which was higher than RTCA （χ^2 = 5.67, P = 0.017） but lower than BD MAX Cdiff （P = 0.245）. Among the 45 strains, 44 （97.8%） were determined as non- ribotype 027 by the mPCR-CE, which was fully agreed with PCR ribotyping. Even though ribotypes 017 （n = 8, 17.8%）, 001 （n = 6, 13.3%）, and 012 （n = 7, 15.6%） were predominant in this region, ribotype 027 was an important genotype monitored routinely. The mPCR-CE provided an alternative diagnosis tool for the simultaneous detection of toxigenic C. difficile in stool and potentially differentiated between RT027 and non-RT027.展开更多
The Pan-Eurasian Experiment Modelling Platform(PEEX-MP)is one of the key blocks of the PEEX Research Programme.The PEEX MP has more than 30 models and is directed towards seamless envir-onmental prediction.The main fo...The Pan-Eurasian Experiment Modelling Platform(PEEX-MP)is one of the key blocks of the PEEX Research Programme.The PEEX MP has more than 30 models and is directed towards seamless envir-onmental prediction.The main focus area is the Arctic-boreal regions and China.The models used in PEEX-MP cover several main components of the Earth’s system,such as the atmosphere,hydrosphere,pedosphere and biosphere,and resolve the physicalchemicalbiological processes at different spatial and temporal scales and resolutions.This paper introduces and discusses PEEX MP multi-scale modelling concept for the Earth system,online integrated,forward/inverse,and socioeconomical modelling,and other approaches with a particular focus on applications in the PEEX geographical domain.The employed high-performance com-puting facilities,capabilities,and PEEX dataflow for modelling results are described.Several virtual research platforms(PEEXView,Virtual Research Environment,Web-based Atlas)for handling PEEX modelling and observational results are introduced.The over-all approach allows us to understand better physical-chemicalbiological processes,Earth’s system interactions and feedbacks and to provide valuable information for assessment studies on evaluating risks,impact,consequences,etc.for population,envir-onment and climate in the PEEX domain.This work was also one of the last projects of Prof.Sergej Zilitinkevich,who passed away on 15 February 2021.Since the finalization took time,the paper was actually submitted in 2023 and we could not argue that the final paper text was agreed with him.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2017YFA0403200.
文摘Experiments exploring the propagation of heat waves within cylindrical CH foams were performed on the Shenguang-Ⅲ prototype laser facility in 2012.In this paper,the radiation fluxes out of CH foam cylinders at different angles are analyzed theoretically using the two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics code LARED-R.Owing to the difficulty in validating opacity and equation of state(EOS)data for high-Z plasmas,and to uncertainties in the measured radiation temperature Tr and the original foam densityρ0,multipliers are introduced to adjust the Au material parameters,Tr,andρ0 in our simulations to better explain the measurements.The dependences of the peak radiation flux Fmax and the breakout time of the heat wave thalf(defined as the time corresponding to the radiation flux at half-maximum)on the radiation source,opacity,EOS,andρ0 scaling factors(η_(src),η_(op),η_(eos),and η_(ρ))are investigated via numerical simulations combined with fitting.Then,with the uncertainties in the measured Tr andρ0 fixed at 3.6%and 3.1%,respectively,experimental data are exploited as fiducial values to determine the ranges ofη_(op) andηeos.It is found that the ranges ofη_(op) andηeos fixed by this experiment overlap partially with those found in our previous work[Meng et al.,Phys.Plasmas 20,092704(2013)].Based on the scaled opacity and EOS parameters,the values of F_(max) and t_(half) obtained via simulations are in good agreement with the measurements,with maximum errors∼9.5%and within 100 ps,respectively.
文摘We employed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） coupled with capillary electrophoresis （mPCR-CE） targeting six Clostridium difficile genes, including tPi, tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB, and a deletion in tcdC for simultaneous detection and characterization of toxigenic C. difficile directly from fecal specimens. The mPCR-CE had a limit of detection of 10 colony-forming units per reaction with no cross-reactions with other related bacterial genes. Clinical validation was performed on 354 consecutively collected stool specimens from patients with suspected C. difficile infection and 45 isolates. The results were compared with a reference standard combined with BD MAX Cdiff, real-time cell analysis assay （RTCA）, and mPCR-CE. The toxigenic C. difficile species were detected in 36 isolates and 45 stool specimens by the mPCR-CE, which provided a positive rate of 20.3% （81/399）. The mPCR-CE had a specificity of 97,2% and a sensitivity of 96.0%, which was higher than RTCA （χ^2 = 5.67, P = 0.017） but lower than BD MAX Cdiff （P = 0.245）. Among the 45 strains, 44 （97.8%） were determined as non- ribotype 027 by the mPCR-CE, which was fully agreed with PCR ribotyping. Even though ribotypes 017 （n = 8, 17.8%）, 001 （n = 6, 13.3%）, and 012 （n = 7, 15.6%） were predominant in this region, ribotype 027 was an important genotype monitored routinely. The mPCR-CE provided an alternative diagnosis tool for the simultaneous detection of toxigenic C. difficile in stool and potentially differentiated between RT027 and non-RT027.
基金the last projects of Prof.Sergej Zilitinkevich(1936-2021)The financial support was/is provided through multiple projects related to the Pan-Eurasian EXperiment(PEEX)programme including Academy of Finland projects-ClimEco(grant#314798/799)+6 种基金ACCC(grant#337549)HEATCOST(grant#334798)European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme projects-iCUPE under ERA-PLANET(grant#689443),INTAROS(grant#727890),EXHAUSTION(grant#820655),CRiceS(grant#101003826),RI-URBANS(grant#101036245)Horizon Europe project FOCI(grant#101056783)Erasmus+Programme projects-ECOIMPACT(grant#561975-EPP-1-2015-1-FI-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP),ClimEd(grant#619285-EPP-1-2020-1-FIEPPKA2-CBHE-JP)The Norwegian Research Council INTPART educational and networking project(322317/H30):URban Sustainability in Action:Multi-disciplinary Approach through Jointly Organized Research schoolsand the EEA project(Contract No.2020TO01000219):Turbulent-resolving urban modelling of air quality and thermal comfort(TURBAN).
文摘The Pan-Eurasian Experiment Modelling Platform(PEEX-MP)is one of the key blocks of the PEEX Research Programme.The PEEX MP has more than 30 models and is directed towards seamless envir-onmental prediction.The main focus area is the Arctic-boreal regions and China.The models used in PEEX-MP cover several main components of the Earth’s system,such as the atmosphere,hydrosphere,pedosphere and biosphere,and resolve the physicalchemicalbiological processes at different spatial and temporal scales and resolutions.This paper introduces and discusses PEEX MP multi-scale modelling concept for the Earth system,online integrated,forward/inverse,and socioeconomical modelling,and other approaches with a particular focus on applications in the PEEX geographical domain.The employed high-performance com-puting facilities,capabilities,and PEEX dataflow for modelling results are described.Several virtual research platforms(PEEXView,Virtual Research Environment,Web-based Atlas)for handling PEEX modelling and observational results are introduced.The over-all approach allows us to understand better physical-chemicalbiological processes,Earth’s system interactions and feedbacks and to provide valuable information for assessment studies on evaluating risks,impact,consequences,etc.for population,envir-onment and climate in the PEEX domain.This work was also one of the last projects of Prof.Sergej Zilitinkevich,who passed away on 15 February 2021.Since the finalization took time,the paper was actually submitted in 2023 and we could not argue that the final paper text was agreed with him.
