High-resolution ultrasonography was used to analyze the nerve cross-sectional area （CSA） of the median nerve at 7 sites： the wrist crease, pisiform bone, hamate bone, 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, p...High-resolution ultrasonography was used to analyze the nerve cross-sectional area （CSA） of the median nerve at 7 sites： the wrist crease, pisiform bone, hamate bone, 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm （where the nerve enters the pronator teres muscle）, 4 cm proximal to the tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus （mid-point between elbow crease and axilla） in 200 healthy volunteers from Guiyang, China. Results showed similar CSA values between the left and right sides, but the CSA 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm, 4 cm proximal to tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus in males was greater than that of females. Moreover, CSA values at the wrist crease, pisiform bone, and hamate bone were greater in the middle-aged and old groups when compared to the young group, and correlated with body mass and height. Thus, reference values of median nerve CSA of the upper limbs can facilitate the analysis of abnormal nerve conditions.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of side-stream smoking on gut microflora composition,intestinal inflammation and expression of tight junction proteins.METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were exposed to side-stream cigarette smoking f...AIM:To investigate the effect of side-stream smoking on gut microflora composition,intestinal inflammation and expression of tight junction proteins.METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were exposed to side-stream cigarette smoking for one hour daily over eight weeks.Cecal contents were collected for microbial composition analysis.Large intestine was collected for immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses of the inflammatory pathway and tight junction proteins.RESULTS:Side-stream smoking induced significant changes in the gut microbiota with increased mouse intestinal bacteria,Clostridium but decreased Fermicutes(Lactoccoci and Ruminococcus),Enterobacteriaceae family and Segmented filamentous baceteria compared to the control mice.Meanwhile,side-stream smoking inhibited the nuclear factor-κB pathway with reduced phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα,accompanied with unchanged mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6.The contents of tight junction proteins,claudin3 and ZO2 were up-regulated in the large intestine of mice exposed side-stream smoking.In addition,side-stream smoking increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK kinase signaling,while inhibiting AMPactivated protein kinase in the large intestine.CONCLUSION:Side-stream smoking altered gut microflora composition and reduced the inflammatory response,which was associated with increased expression of tight junction proteins.展开更多
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the effect of CDA-2, a selective inhibitor of abnormal methylation enzymes in cancer cells, on the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy. METHODS Advanced ...OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the effect of CDA-2, a selective inhibitor of abnormal methylation enzymes in cancer cells, on the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy. METHODS Advanced cancer patients, all of whom had previously undergone chemotherapy, were randomly divided into 2 groups, one receiving chemotherapy only as the control group, and the other receiving CDA-2 in addition to chemotherapy as the combination group. The therapeutic efficacies and the toxic maniestations of the 2 groups were compared based on the WHO criteria. RESULTS Of 454 cancer patients enrolled in phase Ⅲ clinical trials of CDA-2, 80, 188, and 186 were breast cancer, NSCLC, and primary hepatoma patients, respectively. Among them 378 patients completed treatments according to the protocols. The results showed that the overall effective rate of the combination group was 2.6 fold that of the control group, 4.8 fold in the case of breast cancer, 2.3 fold in the case of primary hepatoma, and 2.2 fold in the case of NSCLC. Surprisingly, the combination therapy appeared to work better for stage Ⅳ than stage Ⅲ patients. CDA-2 did not contribute additional toxicity. On the contrary, it reduced toxic manifestations of chemotherapy, particularly regarding white blood cells, nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION Modulation of abnormal methylation enzymes by CDA-2 is definitely helpful to supplement chemotherapy. It significantly increased the therapeutic efficacy and reduced the toxic manifestation of cytotoxic chemotherapy on breast cancer and NSCLC.展开更多
High-resolution ultrasound has been used recently to characterize median and ulnar nerves, but is seldom used to characterize radial nerves. The radial nerve is more frequently involved in en- trapment syndromes than ...High-resolution ultrasound has been used recently to characterize median and ulnar nerves, but is seldom used to characterize radial nerves. The radial nerve is more frequently involved in en- trapment syndromes than the ulnar and median nerves. However, the reference standard for normal radial nerves has not been established. Thus, this study measured the cross-sectional areas of radial nerves of 200 healthy male or female volunteers, aged 18 to 75, using high-resolution ultrasound. The results showed that mean cross-sectional areas of radial nerves at 4 cm upon the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and mid-humerus （midpoint between the elbow crease and axilla） were 5.14± 1.24 and 5.08 ± 1.23 mm2, respectively. The age and the dominant side did not affect the results, but the above-mentioned cross-sectional areas were larger in males （5.31± 1.25 and 5.19 ±1.23 mm2） than in females （4.93 ± 1.21 and 4.93 ± 1.23 mm2, respectively）. In addition, the cross-sectional areas of radial nerves were positively correlated with height and weight （r = 0.38, 0.36, respectively, both P 〈 0.05）. These data provide basic clinical data for the use of high-resolution ultrasound for the future diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evalua- tion of peripheral neuropathies.展开更多
The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution ki...The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution kinetics of primary carbides during either heating or soaking.Dissolution of carbides proceeded in three stages(fast→slow→faster)as either temperature or holding time was increased.During the heating process and during the first and third stages of the soaking process,the original size of the carbides determined the steepness of the slope,but during the middle(“slow”)stage of the soaking process,the slope remained zero.The initial size of the carbides varied greatly,but their final dissolution temperature fell within the narrow range of 1210-1235℃,and the holding time remained within 50 min.Fractal analysis was used to study the morphological characteristics of small and medium-sized carbides during the dissolution process.According to changes in the fractal dimension before and after soaking,the carbides tended to evolve towards a more regular morphology.展开更多
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases(CVD),the leading cause of death globally.HCM can precipitate heart failure(HF)by causing the cardiac tissue to weaken and stretch,there...Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases(CVD),the leading cause of death globally.HCM can precipitate heart failure(HF)by causing the cardiac tissue to weaken and stretch,thereby impairing its pumping efficiency.Moreover,HCM increases the risk of atrial fibrillation,which in turn elevates the likelihood of thrombus formation and stroke.Given these significant clinical ramifications,research into the etiology and pathogenesis of HCM is intensifying at multiple levels.In this review,we discuss and synthesize the latest findings on HCM pathogenesis,drawing on key experimental studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo.We also offer our insights and perspectives on these mechanisms,while highlighting the limitations of current research.Advancing fundamental research in this area is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and enhancing the clinical management of HCM.展开更多
Reducing the peak actuating force(PAF)and parasitic displacement is of high significance for improving the performance of compliant parallel mechanisms(CPMs).In this study,a 2-DOF 4-4R compliant parallel pointing mech...Reducing the peak actuating force(PAF)and parasitic displacement is of high significance for improving the performance of compliant parallel mechanisms(CPMs).In this study,a 2-DOF 4-4R compliant parallel pointing mechanism(4-4R CPPM)was used as the object,and the actuating force of the mechanism was optimized through redundant actuation.This was aimed at minimizing the PAF and parasitic displacement.First,a kinetostatic model of the redundantly actuated 4-4R CPPM was established to reveal the relationship between the input forces/displacements and the output displacements of the mobile platform.Subsequently,based on the established kinetostatic model,methods for optimizing the actuating force distribution with the aim of minimizing the PAF and parasitic displacement were introduced successively.Second,a simulated example of a mobile platform’s spatial pointing trajectory validated the accuracy of the kinetostatic model.The results show a less than 0.9%relative error between the analytical and finite element(FE)results,and the high consistency indicates the accuracy of the kinetostatic model.Then,the effectiveness of the method in minimizing the PAF and parasitic displacement was validated using two simulated examples.The results indicate that compared with the non-redundant actuation case,the PAF of the mechanism could be reduced by up to 50%,and the parasitic displacement was reduced by approximately three-four orders of magnitude by means of redundant actuation combined with the optimal distribution of the actuating force.As expected,with the reduction in parasitic displacement,the FE-results of the output angular displacements(θ_(x) andθ_(z))of the mobile platform were closer to the target oscillation trajectory.This further verified that the reduction in parasitic displacement is indeed effective in improving the motion accuracy of the mechanism.The advantage of this proposed method is that it reduces the PAF and parasitic displacement from the perspective of the actuating force control strategy,without the requirement of structural changes to the original mechanism.展开更多
A cold Rydberg gas, with its atoms prepared initially all in the excited state <span style="white-space:nowrap;">|<em>n</em><sub>0</sub>></span> , with <em>n</...A cold Rydberg gas, with its atoms prepared initially all in the excited state <span style="white-space:nowrap;">|<em>n</em><sub>0</sub>></span> , with <em>n</em><sub>0 </sub><span style="white-space:nowrap;">»</span>1, contains an excessive amount of energy, and presumably is to relax by the Penning-type <em>molecular auto-ionization</em> (<em>MAI</em>), in which a portion of excess energy of one atom is given to another near-by atom and ionizing it. Its complementary process, the <em>resonant energy transfer</em> (<em>RET</em>), is discussed, in which the excess energy of one atom is used on another to form a hyper-excited atomic state <span style="white-space:normal;">|</span><em style="white-space:normal;">n</em><sub style="white-space:normal;"><em>a</em></sub><span style="white-space:normal;">></span> with <em>n</em><sub><em>a</em></sub><span style="white-space:nowrap;">»</span><em style="white-space:normal;">n</em><sub style="white-space:normal;">0</sub>. This process is always present, provided certain resonance energy conditions are satisfied. In this report, the <em>n</em><sub>0</sub> and density dependences of the RET rates are studied in detail, employing a simple model: 1) at low densities, the RET is mediated by the dipole-dipole coupling <em>V</em><sub><em>dd</em></sub> and its rates are generally much smaller than that of MAI, especially for small <em>n</em><sub>0</sub>. But 2) as the density increases, our model shows that the rates become of comparable magnitude or even larger than the MAI rates. The<em> V</em><sub><em>dd</em></sub> is no longer adequate. We, then construct a semi-empirical potential to describe the RET process. 3) At high densities, we show that the atomic orbital of <span style="white-space:normal;">|</span><em style="white-space:normal;">n</em><sub style="white-space:normal;"><em>a</em></sub><span style="white-space:normal;">></span> overlaps with that of neighboring atoms, and the electron-electron potential becomes prominent, resulting in much higher rates.展开更多
A four-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of subsoiling depth on root morphology, nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) uptake, and grain yield of spring maize. The results indicated ...A four-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of subsoiling depth on root morphology, nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) uptake, and grain yield of spring maize. The results indicated that subsoil tillage promoted root development,increased nutrient accumulation, and increased yield. Compared with conventional soil management(CK), root length, root surface area, and root dry weight at 0–80 cm soil depth under subsoil tillage to 30 cm(T1) and subsoil tillage to 50 cm(T2) were significantly increased, especially the proportions of roots in deeper soil. Root length, surface area, and dry weight differed significantly among three treatments in the order of T2 > T1 > CK at the12-leaf and early filling stages. The range of variation of root diameter in different soil layers in T2 treatment was the smallest, suggesting that roots were more likely to grow downwards with deeper subsoil tillage in soil. The accumulation of N, P, and K in subsoil tillage treatment was significantly increased, but the proportions of kernel and straw were different. In a comparison of T1 with T2, the grain accumulated more N and P, while K accumulation in kernel and straw varied in different years. Grain yield and biomass were increased by 12.8% and 14.6% on average in subsoil tillage treatments compared to conventional soil treatment. Although no significant differences between different subsoil tillage depths were observed for nutrient accumulation and grain yield, lodging resistance of plants was significantly improved in subsoil tillage to 50 cm, a characteristic that favors a high and stable yield under extreme environments.展开更多
Objective： The activation of hedgehog （HH） pathway is implicated in the development of human malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. However, the clinical impact of HH activation in HCC patients is...Objective： The activation of hedgehog （HH） pathway is implicated in the development of human malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. However, the clinical impact of HH activation in HCC patients is still unclear. This study was conducted to confirm whether the expression of HH pathway components was associated with HCC progression and clinical outcome. Methods： This study was a sample-expanded and prolonged follow up of one of our previous studies. It included 46 HCC patients who underwent surgical treatment from 2002 to 2005. The expression of sonic HH （SHIq）, patched-1 （PTCHI）, smoothened （SMOH） and glioma-associated oncogene-1 （GLI1） genes in tumor and adjacent normal tissues extracted from the patients were examined by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） to explore the relationship between these genes and the clinical prognosis of HCC. Results： The expression levels ofSHH, PTCH1, SMOH and GLI1 in HCC tissues were 60.87%, 50.00%, 32.61% and 54.35%, respectively. The expression levels of SHH-related molecules were relatively intense in cancer tissue, but insignificantly correlated with any clinicopathological factors of tumor. Transcriptional factor GLI1 was the only molecule associated with poor prognosis among the HCC patients. The expression of GLI1 gene in tumor tissues was significantly related with disease-free survival （DFS） （P=0.042） and overall survival （OS） （P=0.030）. The simultaneous expression of GLI1 in tumor and adjacent normal liver tissues correlated with DFS （P〈0.029） and OS （P〈0.025）. Conclusions： HH signaling activation is an important event in the development of human HCC. The expression of GLI1 in SHH pathway is possibly involved in HCC progression, which may be a useful prognostic indicator of HCC.展开更多
Rational design of bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)with excellent activity and stability is of great significance,since overall water splitting is a ...Rational design of bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)with excellent activity and stability is of great significance,since overall water splitting is a promising technology for sustainable conversion of clean energy.However,most electrocatalysts do not simultaneously possess optimal HER/OER activities and their electrical conductivities are intrinsically low,which limit the development of overall water splitting.In this paper,a strategy of electric field treatment is proposed and applied to Ni/Co_(3)O_(4) film to develop a novel bifunctional electrocatalyst.After treated by electric field,the conductive channels consisting of oxygen vacancies are formed in the Co_(3)O_(4) film,which remarkably reduces the resistance of the system by almost 2×10^(4) times.Meanwhile,the surface Ni metal electrode is partially oxidized to nickel oxide,which enhances the catalytic activity.The electric-field-treated Ni/Co_(3)O_(4) material exhibits super outstanding performance of HER,OER,and overall water splitting,and the catalytic activity is significantly superior to the state-of-the-art noble metal catalysts(Pt/C,RuO_(2),and RuO_(2)‖Pt/C couple).This work provides an effective and feasible method for the development of novel and efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst,which is also promising for wide use in the field of catalysis.展开更多
Xi＇an ground fractures are the most typical ground fractures in China. Fourteen fractures have nearly divided the historical city into several distinct sections. These fractures are parallel and dis- tributed in NEE ...Xi＇an ground fractures are the most typical ground fractures in China. Fourteen fractures have nearly divided the historical city into several distinct sections. These fractures are parallel and dis- tributed in NEE direction at the same interval, with all features exhibiting a down dropping southerly block which extends to connect with the underlying fault. The activities of fractures are primarily ex- pressed as normal faults. The faulted strata are well defined and dislocation displacement increases with depth. Thus, fractures have the characteristics of syn-sedimentary faults, which constitute the hanging wall of the Lintong-Chang＇an fault branch system. Crustal thinning caused by the uplifting of upper man- tle provides a power source for extension and stretching along the fracture surface of the upper crust, which results in a series of extensional faults and the suitable conditions for forming massive ground frac- tures. The movement of tectonic blocks influences the normal dip-slipping tension of Lintong-Chang＇an fault branches, and produces a series of secondary tectonic fractures adjacent to surface, which constitute the prototype of ground fractures. The recent regional tensile stress produced by modern mainland de- formation, also profoundly influences the current activity of Xi＇an ground fractures.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of oridonin on nuclear transcription factors and to study the relationship between biological behavior and inflammatory factors in human pancreatic cancer (BxPC-3) cells.
Variety identification plays an important role in protecting the intellectual property of varieties,ensuring seed quality,and encouraging breeding innovation.Currently,morphological evaluation in the field,such as dis...Variety identification plays an important role in protecting the intellectual property of varieties,ensuring seed quality,and encouraging breeding innovation.Currently,morphological evaluation in the field,such as distinctness,uniformity,and stability(DUS)testing,and DNA fingerprinting in the laboratory using molecular markers are two dominant methods used for variety identification.Few studies have compared the results of these approaches,and the relationship between the two methods is obscure.In this study,134 dominant cucumber varieties were evaluated using 50 DUS testing traits and genotyped by 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).The 40 SNPs were developed in our previous study and arewell suited for variety identification.In the DUS testing,significant positive or negative correlations among 50 DUS traits were observed,and 20 core traits,including 15 fruit traits,were further selected to increase field inspection efficiency.This suggested that fruit shape plays an important role in variety identification.The ratio of fruit length/diameter was themost important trait,explaining 9.2%of the phenotypic variation.In the DNA fingerprinting test,the 40 SNPs were highly polymorphic and could distinguish all of the 134 cucumber varieties,and 14 core SNPs were selected to improve the identification rate.Interestingly,the population structure analysis of 134 cucumber varieties by phenotypic data in the DUS test was in accordance with the genotypic data from the DNA fingerprinting,indicating that all varieties could be divided into the same four subgroups:European type,North China type,South China type,and hybrids of the North China and South China types.Moreover,linear correlativity of distinguishment for each pair of varieties was observed between the DUS test and the DNA fingerprinting.These results indicated that these two methods have good application in future research,especially for the scaled-up analysis of hundreds of varieties.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the function and mechanism of mi R-133a in gastric cancer(GC)and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of GC.METHODS:A total of 105 GC patients who underwent surgical resection a...AIM:To investigate the function and mechanism of mi R-133a in gastric cancer(GC)and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of GC.METHODS:A total of 105 GC patients who underwent surgical resection as primary treatment were selected for this study.Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain(q RT-PCR)was used to examine the expression levels of mi R-133a in human GC and adjacent non-tumor tissues,as well as in GC cell lines(SGC-7901,BGC-823,MGC-803,and AGS)and a human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line(GES-1).The biological role of mi RNA(mi R)-133a was assessed in the GC cell lines using MTT,apoptosis,migration and invasion,and colony formation assays,and xenograft tumorigenesis.q RT-PCR and western blot analyses were used to evaluate the potential target gene expression of mi R-133a.Pearson’s correlation was calculated to evaluate the correlation between mi R-133a and insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor(IGF1R)expression.The regulation of IGF1R by mi R-133a was verified using the luciferase reporter assay.RESULTS:In 80%of the 105 GC patients,the mean expression of mi R-133a was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues(1.215±0.1477 vs 3.093±0.4104,P<0.0001).Downregulation of mi R-133a was significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation(P=0.01),local invasion(P=0.001)and TNM stage(P=0.02)in GC patients.Compared with a control construct,forced expression of mi R-133a in GC cell lines inhibited proliferation(0.4787±0.0219 vs 0.7050±0.0147,P=0.0013 in SGC-7901 cells;and 0.5448±0.0085vs 0.7270±0.0084,P=0.001 in MGC-803 cells);migration(0.6333±0.0233 vs 1.037±0.0584,P=0.003 in SGC-7901 cells;0.6126±0.0311 vs 1.024±0.0456,P=0.0017 in MGC-803 cells);and invasion(0.613±0.0399 vs 1.033±0.0278,P=0.0013 in SGC-7901 cells;0.7433±0.0221 vs 1.017±0.0311,P=0.002 in MGC-803 cells).It also induced apoptosis(18.19%±0.2483%vs 5.887%±0.3837%,P<0.0001 in SGC-7901 cells;22.69%±0.7846%vs9.347%±0.3012%,P<0.0001 in MGC-803 cells).Furthermore,mi R-133a inhibited tumor growth and xenograft tumorigenesis of SGC-7901 cells in vivo.In addition,we identified IGF1R as a regulatory target of mi R-133a in GC.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that mi R-133a is downregulated in GC and functions as a tumor suppressor in vitro and in vivo partly by repressing IGF1R.展开更多
Objective： Although the development of trastuzumab has improved the outlook for women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER2）-positive breast cancer, the resistance to anti-HER2 therapy is a growing cl...Objective： Although the development of trastuzumab has improved the outlook for women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER2）-positive breast cancer, the resistance to anti-HER2 therapy is a growing clinical dilemma. We aim to determine whether HER2-specific T cells generated from dendritic cells （DCs） modified with HER2 gene could effectively kill the HER2-positive breast cancer cells, especially the trastuzumab-resistant cells. Methods： The peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） from healthy donors, whose HLA haplotypes were compatible with the tumor cell lines, were transfected with reconstructive human adeno-association virus （rhAAV/HER2） to obtain the specific killing activities of T cells, and were evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） releasing assay. Results： Trastuzumab produced a significant inhibiting effect on SK-BR-3, the IC50 was 100ng/ml. MDA-MB-453 was resistant to trastuzumab even at a concentration of 10,000 ng/ml in vitro. HER2-specific T lymphocytes killed effectively SK-BR-3 [（69.86±13.41）%] and MDA-MB-453 [（78.36±10.68）%] at 40：1 （effector：target ratio, E：T）, but had no significant cytotoxicity against HER2-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7 （less than 10%）. Conclusion： The study showed that HER2-specific T lymphocytes generated from DCs modified by rhAAV/HER2 could kill HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines in a HER2-dependent manner, and result in significantly high inhibition rates on the intrinsic trastuzumab-resistant cell line MDA-MB-453 and the tastuzumab-sensitive cell line SK-BR-3. These results imply that this immunotherapy might be a potential treatment to HER2-positive breast cancer.展开更多
Laser shock peening （LSP） is a novel effective surface treatment method to improve the fatigue performance of turbine blades. To study the effect of LSP on combined low- and high-cycle fatigue （CCF） life of turbin...Laser shock peening （LSP） is a novel effective surface treatment method to improve the fatigue performance of turbine blades. To study the effect of LSP on combined low- and high-cycle fatigue （CCF） life of turbine blades, the CCF tests were conducted at elevated temperatures on two types of full-scale turbine blades, which were made of K403 by casting and GH4133B by forging. Probabilistic analysis was conducted to find out the effect of LSP on fatigue life of those two kinds of blades. The results indicated that LSP extended the CCF life of both casting blades and forging blades obviously, and the effect of LSP on casting blades was more evident; besides, a threshold vibration stress existed for both casting blades and forging blades, and the CCF life tended to be extended by LSP only when the vibration stress was below the threshold vibra- tion stress. Further study of fractography was also conducted, indicating that due to the presence of compressive residual stress and refined grains induced by LSP, the crack initiation sources in LSP blades were obviously less, and the life of LSP blades was also longer; since the compressive residual stress was released by plastic deformation, LSP had no effect or adverse effect on CCF life of blade when the vibration stress of blade was above the threshold vibration stress.展开更多
Objective：To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the mobilization of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells by combining docetaxel with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor（G-CSF） in breast cancer patients...Objective：To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the mobilization of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells by combining docetaxel with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor（G-CSF） in breast cancer patients.Methods：A total of 57 breast cancer patients were treated with docetaxel 120 mg/m2.When the white blood cell（WBC） count decreased to 1.0×109/L,patients were given G-CSF 5-g/kg daily by subcutaneous injection until the end of apheresis.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells（MNC） were isolated by Cobe Spectra Apheresis System.The percentage of CD34＋ cell was assayed by flow cytometry.Results：At a median 6 of days（range 3-8） after the administration of docetaxel,the median WBC count decreased to 1.08×109/L（range 0.20-2.31）.The median duration of G-CSF mobilization was 3 days（range 2-7）.The MNC collection was conducted 8-12 days（median 10 days） after docetaxel treatment.The median MNC was 5.35×108/kg（range 0.59-14.07）,the median CD34＋ cell count was 2.43×106/kg（range 0.16-16.69）.The CD34＋ cell count was higher than 1.00×106/kg in 47 of 57 cases（82.46%） and higher than 2.00×106/kg in 36 cases（63.16%）.The CD34＋ cell count was higher than 2.00×106/kg in 27 collections（23.68%）.The MNC count and the CD34＋ cell count were correlated with the bottom of WBC after docetaxel chemotherapy（r=0.364,0.502,P=0.005,0.000）.The CD34＋ cell count was correlated with the MNC count（r=0.597,P=0.000）.The mobilization and apheresis were well tolerated in all patients.Mild perioral numbness and numbness of hand or feet were observed in 3 cases.No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion：Mobilization of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell by combining docetaxel with G-CSF was effective and safety in breast cancer patients.展开更多
基金the Science and Technology Foundation Program of Guizhou Province,No. J[2009]2157
文摘High-resolution ultrasonography was used to analyze the nerve cross-sectional area （CSA） of the median nerve at 7 sites： the wrist crease, pisiform bone, hamate bone, 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm （where the nerve enters the pronator teres muscle）, 4 cm proximal to the tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus （mid-point between elbow crease and axilla） in 200 healthy volunteers from Guiyang, China. Results showed similar CSA values between the left and right sides, but the CSA 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm, 4 cm proximal to tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus in males was greater than that of females. Moreover, CSA values at the wrist crease, pisiform bone, and hamate bone were greater in the middle-aged and old groups when compared to the young group, and correlated with body mass and height. Thus, reference values of median nerve CSA of the upper limbs can facilitate the analysis of abnormal nerve conditions.
基金Supported by INBRE P20RR016474USDA-NRI 200835203-19084USDA-AFRI 2009-65203-05716
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of side-stream smoking on gut microflora composition,intestinal inflammation and expression of tight junction proteins.METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were exposed to side-stream cigarette smoking for one hour daily over eight weeks.Cecal contents were collected for microbial composition analysis.Large intestine was collected for immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses of the inflammatory pathway and tight junction proteins.RESULTS:Side-stream smoking induced significant changes in the gut microbiota with increased mouse intestinal bacteria,Clostridium but decreased Fermicutes(Lactoccoci and Ruminococcus),Enterobacteriaceae family and Segmented filamentous baceteria compared to the control mice.Meanwhile,side-stream smoking inhibited the nuclear factor-κB pathway with reduced phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα,accompanied with unchanged mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6.The contents of tight junction proteins,claudin3 and ZO2 were up-regulated in the large intestine of mice exposed side-stream smoking.In addition,side-stream smoking increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK kinase signaling,while inhibiting AMPactivated protein kinase in the large intestine.CONCLUSION:Side-stream smoking altered gut microflora composition and reduced the inflammatory response,which was associated with increased expression of tight junction proteins.
文摘OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the effect of CDA-2, a selective inhibitor of abnormal methylation enzymes in cancer cells, on the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy. METHODS Advanced cancer patients, all of whom had previously undergone chemotherapy, were randomly divided into 2 groups, one receiving chemotherapy only as the control group, and the other receiving CDA-2 in addition to chemotherapy as the combination group. The therapeutic efficacies and the toxic maniestations of the 2 groups were compared based on the WHO criteria. RESULTS Of 454 cancer patients enrolled in phase Ⅲ clinical trials of CDA-2, 80, 188, and 186 were breast cancer, NSCLC, and primary hepatoma patients, respectively. Among them 378 patients completed treatments according to the protocols. The results showed that the overall effective rate of the combination group was 2.6 fold that of the control group, 4.8 fold in the case of breast cancer, 2.3 fold in the case of primary hepatoma, and 2.2 fold in the case of NSCLC. Surprisingly, the combination therapy appeared to work better for stage Ⅳ than stage Ⅲ patients. CDA-2 did not contribute additional toxicity. On the contrary, it reduced toxic manifestations of chemotherapy, particularly regarding white blood cells, nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION Modulation of abnormal methylation enzymes by CDA-2 is definitely helpful to supplement chemotherapy. It significantly increased the therapeutic efficacy and reduced the toxic manifestation of cytotoxic chemotherapy on breast cancer and NSCLC.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province,No.J[2009]2157
文摘High-resolution ultrasound has been used recently to characterize median and ulnar nerves, but is seldom used to characterize radial nerves. The radial nerve is more frequently involved in en- trapment syndromes than the ulnar and median nerves. However, the reference standard for normal radial nerves has not been established. Thus, this study measured the cross-sectional areas of radial nerves of 200 healthy male or female volunteers, aged 18 to 75, using high-resolution ultrasound. The results showed that mean cross-sectional areas of radial nerves at 4 cm upon the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and mid-humerus （midpoint between the elbow crease and axilla） were 5.14± 1.24 and 5.08 ± 1.23 mm2, respectively. The age and the dominant side did not affect the results, but the above-mentioned cross-sectional areas were larger in males （5.31± 1.25 and 5.19 ±1.23 mm2） than in females （4.93 ± 1.21 and 4.93 ± 1.23 mm2, respectively）. In addition, the cross-sectional areas of radial nerves were positively correlated with height and weight （r = 0.38, 0.36, respectively, both P 〈 0.05）. These data provide basic clinical data for the use of high-resolution ultrasound for the future diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evalua- tion of peripheral neuropathies.
基金supported by Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University(SKLASS-2023-Z13)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19DZ2270200)+1 种基金A portion of the work was performed at US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,which is supported by the National Science Foundation(Cooperative Agreement No.DMR-1157490 and DMR-1644779)the State of Florida.Thanks also to Mary Tyler for editing.
文摘The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution kinetics of primary carbides during either heating or soaking.Dissolution of carbides proceeded in three stages(fast→slow→faster)as either temperature or holding time was increased.During the heating process and during the first and third stages of the soaking process,the original size of the carbides determined the steepness of the slope,but during the middle(“slow”)stage of the soaking process,the slope remained zero.The initial size of the carbides varied greatly,but their final dissolution temperature fell within the narrow range of 1210-1235℃,and the holding time remained within 50 min.Fractal analysis was used to study the morphological characteristics of small and medium-sized carbides during the dissolution process.According to changes in the fractal dimension before and after soaking,the carbides tended to evolve towards a more regular morphology.
基金supported by Henan Provincial Key Technologies R&D Program(Grant No.25202310242)Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Tackling Program(Grant No.LHGJ20240150).
文摘Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases(CVD),the leading cause of death globally.HCM can precipitate heart failure(HF)by causing the cardiac tissue to weaken and stretch,thereby impairing its pumping efficiency.Moreover,HCM increases the risk of atrial fibrillation,which in turn elevates the likelihood of thrombus formation and stroke.Given these significant clinical ramifications,research into the etiology and pathogenesis of HCM is intensifying at multiple levels.In this review,we discuss and synthesize the latest findings on HCM pathogenesis,drawing on key experimental studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo.We also offer our insights and perspectives on these mechanisms,while highlighting the limitations of current research.Advancing fundamental research in this area is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and enhancing the clinical management of HCM.
基金Supported by Key Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education Research Program(Grant No.D20211401).
文摘Reducing the peak actuating force(PAF)and parasitic displacement is of high significance for improving the performance of compliant parallel mechanisms(CPMs).In this study,a 2-DOF 4-4R compliant parallel pointing mechanism(4-4R CPPM)was used as the object,and the actuating force of the mechanism was optimized through redundant actuation.This was aimed at minimizing the PAF and parasitic displacement.First,a kinetostatic model of the redundantly actuated 4-4R CPPM was established to reveal the relationship between the input forces/displacements and the output displacements of the mobile platform.Subsequently,based on the established kinetostatic model,methods for optimizing the actuating force distribution with the aim of minimizing the PAF and parasitic displacement were introduced successively.Second,a simulated example of a mobile platform’s spatial pointing trajectory validated the accuracy of the kinetostatic model.The results show a less than 0.9%relative error between the analytical and finite element(FE)results,and the high consistency indicates the accuracy of the kinetostatic model.Then,the effectiveness of the method in minimizing the PAF and parasitic displacement was validated using two simulated examples.The results indicate that compared with the non-redundant actuation case,the PAF of the mechanism could be reduced by up to 50%,and the parasitic displacement was reduced by approximately three-four orders of magnitude by means of redundant actuation combined with the optimal distribution of the actuating force.As expected,with the reduction in parasitic displacement,the FE-results of the output angular displacements(θ_(x) andθ_(z))of the mobile platform were closer to the target oscillation trajectory.This further verified that the reduction in parasitic displacement is indeed effective in improving the motion accuracy of the mechanism.The advantage of this proposed method is that it reduces the PAF and parasitic displacement from the perspective of the actuating force control strategy,without the requirement of structural changes to the original mechanism.
文摘A cold Rydberg gas, with its atoms prepared initially all in the excited state <span style="white-space:nowrap;">|<em>n</em><sub>0</sub>></span> , with <em>n</em><sub>0 </sub><span style="white-space:nowrap;">»</span>1, contains an excessive amount of energy, and presumably is to relax by the Penning-type <em>molecular auto-ionization</em> (<em>MAI</em>), in which a portion of excess energy of one atom is given to another near-by atom and ionizing it. Its complementary process, the <em>resonant energy transfer</em> (<em>RET</em>), is discussed, in which the excess energy of one atom is used on another to form a hyper-excited atomic state <span style="white-space:normal;">|</span><em style="white-space:normal;">n</em><sub style="white-space:normal;"><em>a</em></sub><span style="white-space:normal;">></span> with <em>n</em><sub><em>a</em></sub><span style="white-space:nowrap;">»</span><em style="white-space:normal;">n</em><sub style="white-space:normal;">0</sub>. This process is always present, provided certain resonance energy conditions are satisfied. In this report, the <em>n</em><sub>0</sub> and density dependences of the RET rates are studied in detail, employing a simple model: 1) at low densities, the RET is mediated by the dipole-dipole coupling <em>V</em><sub><em>dd</em></sub> and its rates are generally much smaller than that of MAI, especially for small <em>n</em><sub>0</sub>. But 2) as the density increases, our model shows that the rates become of comparable magnitude or even larger than the MAI rates. The<em> V</em><sub><em>dd</em></sub> is no longer adequate. We, then construct a semi-empirical potential to describe the RET process. 3) At high densities, we show that the atomic orbital of <span style="white-space:normal;">|</span><em style="white-space:normal;">n</em><sub style="white-space:normal;"><em>a</em></sub><span style="white-space:normal;">></span> overlaps with that of neighboring atoms, and the electron-electron potential becomes prominent, resulting in much higher rates.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2012BAD04B02,2013BAD07B02,and2011BAD16B10)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(201103003 and 201303126-4)the Key Technology R&D Program of Jilin province,China(20126026)
文摘A four-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of subsoiling depth on root morphology, nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) uptake, and grain yield of spring maize. The results indicated that subsoil tillage promoted root development,increased nutrient accumulation, and increased yield. Compared with conventional soil management(CK), root length, root surface area, and root dry weight at 0–80 cm soil depth under subsoil tillage to 30 cm(T1) and subsoil tillage to 50 cm(T2) were significantly increased, especially the proportions of roots in deeper soil. Root length, surface area, and dry weight differed significantly among three treatments in the order of T2 > T1 > CK at the12-leaf and early filling stages. The range of variation of root diameter in different soil layers in T2 treatment was the smallest, suggesting that roots were more likely to grow downwards with deeper subsoil tillage in soil. The accumulation of N, P, and K in subsoil tillage treatment was significantly increased, but the proportions of kernel and straw were different. In a comparison of T1 with T2, the grain accumulated more N and P, while K accumulation in kernel and straw varied in different years. Grain yield and biomass were increased by 12.8% and 14.6% on average in subsoil tillage treatments compared to conventional soil treatment. Although no significant differences between different subsoil tillage depths were observed for nutrient accumulation and grain yield, lodging resistance of plants was significantly improved in subsoil tillage to 50 cm, a characteristic that favors a high and stable yield under extreme environments.
基金supported by the Project 2009CB521700 of the National Basic Research Program of China ("973"Program)the Capital Development Grant (2007-2053)
文摘Objective： The activation of hedgehog （HH） pathway is implicated in the development of human malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. However, the clinical impact of HH activation in HCC patients is still unclear. This study was conducted to confirm whether the expression of HH pathway components was associated with HCC progression and clinical outcome. Methods： This study was a sample-expanded and prolonged follow up of one of our previous studies. It included 46 HCC patients who underwent surgical treatment from 2002 to 2005. The expression of sonic HH （SHIq）, patched-1 （PTCHI）, smoothened （SMOH） and glioma-associated oncogene-1 （GLI1） genes in tumor and adjacent normal tissues extracted from the patients were examined by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） to explore the relationship between these genes and the clinical prognosis of HCC. Results： The expression levels ofSHH, PTCH1, SMOH and GLI1 in HCC tissues were 60.87%, 50.00%, 32.61% and 54.35%, respectively. The expression levels of SHH-related molecules were relatively intense in cancer tissue, but insignificantly correlated with any clinicopathological factors of tumor. Transcriptional factor GLI1 was the only molecule associated with poor prognosis among the HCC patients. The expression of GLI1 gene in tumor tissues was significantly related with disease-free survival （DFS） （P=0.042） and overall survival （OS） （P=0.030）. The simultaneous expression of GLI1 in tumor and adjacent normal liver tissues correlated with DFS （P〈0.029） and OS （P〈0.025）. Conclusions： HH signaling activation is an important event in the development of human HCC. The expression of GLI1 in SHH pathway is possibly involved in HCC progression, which may be a useful prognostic indicator of HCC.
基金supported by the program B for Outstanding PhD candidate of Nanjing University.
文摘Rational design of bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)with excellent activity and stability is of great significance,since overall water splitting is a promising technology for sustainable conversion of clean energy.However,most electrocatalysts do not simultaneously possess optimal HER/OER activities and their electrical conductivities are intrinsically low,which limit the development of overall water splitting.In this paper,a strategy of electric field treatment is proposed and applied to Ni/Co_(3)O_(4) film to develop a novel bifunctional electrocatalyst.After treated by electric field,the conductive channels consisting of oxygen vacancies are formed in the Co_(3)O_(4) film,which remarkably reduces the resistance of the system by almost 2×10^(4) times.Meanwhile,the surface Ni metal electrode is partially oxidized to nickel oxide,which enhances the catalytic activity.The electric-field-treated Ni/Co_(3)O_(4) material exhibits super outstanding performance of HER,OER,and overall water splitting,and the catalytic activity is significantly superior to the state-of-the-art noble metal catalysts(Pt/C,RuO_(2),and RuO_(2)‖Pt/C couple).This work provides an effective and feasible method for the development of novel and efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst,which is also promising for wide use in the field of catalysis.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Project of China (No. 2014CB744703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41790445, 41731066, 41674001, 41202189, 41274004, 41274005)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province, China (No. 2016JM4005)the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Universities (Nos. CHD300102268204, CHD2014G1261050, CHD2014G3263014)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2013M530412)
文摘Xi＇an ground fractures are the most typical ground fractures in China. Fourteen fractures have nearly divided the historical city into several distinct sections. These fractures are parallel and dis- tributed in NEE direction at the same interval, with all features exhibiting a down dropping southerly block which extends to connect with the underlying fault. The activities of fractures are primarily ex- pressed as normal faults. The faulted strata are well defined and dislocation displacement increases with depth. Thus, fractures have the characteristics of syn-sedimentary faults, which constitute the hanging wall of the Lintong-Chang＇an fault branch system. Crustal thinning caused by the uplifting of upper man- tle provides a power source for extension and stretching along the fracture surface of the upper crust, which results in a series of extensional faults and the suitable conditions for forming massive ground frac- tures. The movement of tectonic blocks influences the normal dip-slipping tension of Lintong-Chang＇an fault branches, and produces a series of secondary tectonic fractures adjacent to surface, which constitute the prototype of ground fractures. The recent regional tensile stress produced by modern mainland de- formation, also profoundly influences the current activity of Xi＇an ground fractures.
基金Supported by The Qianjiang Talent Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2013R10072the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,Nos.LY14H160037 and LY12H16007
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of oridonin on nuclear transcription factors and to study the relationship between biological behavior and inflammatory factors in human pancreatic cancer (BxPC-3) cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31972432)Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,China(Grant Nos.QNJJ20190901,KJCX20200113,JKZX202207),Young Top Talents of the National High-level Talents Special Support Program.
文摘Variety identification plays an important role in protecting the intellectual property of varieties,ensuring seed quality,and encouraging breeding innovation.Currently,morphological evaluation in the field,such as distinctness,uniformity,and stability(DUS)testing,and DNA fingerprinting in the laboratory using molecular markers are two dominant methods used for variety identification.Few studies have compared the results of these approaches,and the relationship between the two methods is obscure.In this study,134 dominant cucumber varieties were evaluated using 50 DUS testing traits and genotyped by 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).The 40 SNPs were developed in our previous study and arewell suited for variety identification.In the DUS testing,significant positive or negative correlations among 50 DUS traits were observed,and 20 core traits,including 15 fruit traits,were further selected to increase field inspection efficiency.This suggested that fruit shape plays an important role in variety identification.The ratio of fruit length/diameter was themost important trait,explaining 9.2%of the phenotypic variation.In the DNA fingerprinting test,the 40 SNPs were highly polymorphic and could distinguish all of the 134 cucumber varieties,and 14 core SNPs were selected to improve the identification rate.Interestingly,the population structure analysis of 134 cucumber varieties by phenotypic data in the DUS test was in accordance with the genotypic data from the DNA fingerprinting,indicating that all varieties could be divided into the same four subgroups:European type,North China type,South China type,and hybrids of the North China and South China types.Moreover,linear correlativity of distinguishment for each pair of varieties was observed between the DUS test and the DNA fingerprinting.These results indicated that these two methods have good application in future research,especially for the scaled-up analysis of hundreds of varieties.
基金Supported by Nanjing Medical University institutional grant,No.11ZLKF06(to SYC and LMT)the Changzhou basic research program of science and technology,No.CJ20122014
文摘AIM:To investigate the function and mechanism of mi R-133a in gastric cancer(GC)and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of GC.METHODS:A total of 105 GC patients who underwent surgical resection as primary treatment were selected for this study.Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain(q RT-PCR)was used to examine the expression levels of mi R-133a in human GC and adjacent non-tumor tissues,as well as in GC cell lines(SGC-7901,BGC-823,MGC-803,and AGS)and a human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line(GES-1).The biological role of mi RNA(mi R)-133a was assessed in the GC cell lines using MTT,apoptosis,migration and invasion,and colony formation assays,and xenograft tumorigenesis.q RT-PCR and western blot analyses were used to evaluate the potential target gene expression of mi R-133a.Pearson’s correlation was calculated to evaluate the correlation between mi R-133a and insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor(IGF1R)expression.The regulation of IGF1R by mi R-133a was verified using the luciferase reporter assay.RESULTS:In 80%of the 105 GC patients,the mean expression of mi R-133a was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues(1.215±0.1477 vs 3.093±0.4104,P<0.0001).Downregulation of mi R-133a was significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation(P=0.01),local invasion(P=0.001)and TNM stage(P=0.02)in GC patients.Compared with a control construct,forced expression of mi R-133a in GC cell lines inhibited proliferation(0.4787±0.0219 vs 0.7050±0.0147,P=0.0013 in SGC-7901 cells;and 0.5448±0.0085vs 0.7270±0.0084,P=0.001 in MGC-803 cells);migration(0.6333±0.0233 vs 1.037±0.0584,P=0.003 in SGC-7901 cells;0.6126±0.0311 vs 1.024±0.0456,P=0.0017 in MGC-803 cells);and invasion(0.613±0.0399 vs 1.033±0.0278,P=0.0013 in SGC-7901 cells;0.7433±0.0221 vs 1.017±0.0311,P=0.002 in MGC-803 cells).It also induced apoptosis(18.19%±0.2483%vs 5.887%±0.3837%,P<0.0001 in SGC-7901 cells;22.69%±0.7846%vs9.347%±0.3012%,P<0.0001 in MGC-803 cells).Furthermore,mi R-133a inhibited tumor growth and xenograft tumorigenesis of SGC-7901 cells in vivo.In addition,we identified IGF1R as a regulatory target of mi R-133a in GC.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that mi R-133a is downregulated in GC and functions as a tumor suppressor in vitro and in vivo partly by repressing IGF1R.
基金supported by the grant from the National"973"Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB521703)Medical Oncology Leadership of Beijing Municipal Government Health Burean(No.2009-2-16)
文摘Objective： Although the development of trastuzumab has improved the outlook for women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER2）-positive breast cancer, the resistance to anti-HER2 therapy is a growing clinical dilemma. We aim to determine whether HER2-specific T cells generated from dendritic cells （DCs） modified with HER2 gene could effectively kill the HER2-positive breast cancer cells, especially the trastuzumab-resistant cells. Methods： The peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） from healthy donors, whose HLA haplotypes were compatible with the tumor cell lines, were transfected with reconstructive human adeno-association virus （rhAAV/HER2） to obtain the specific killing activities of T cells, and were evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） releasing assay. Results： Trastuzumab produced a significant inhibiting effect on SK-BR-3, the IC50 was 100ng/ml. MDA-MB-453 was resistant to trastuzumab even at a concentration of 10,000 ng/ml in vitro. HER2-specific T lymphocytes killed effectively SK-BR-3 [（69.86±13.41）%] and MDA-MB-453 [（78.36±10.68）%] at 40：1 （effector：target ratio, E：T）, but had no significant cytotoxicity against HER2-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7 （less than 10%）. Conclusion： The study showed that HER2-specific T lymphocytes generated from DCs modified by rhAAV/HER2 could kill HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines in a HER2-dependent manner, and result in significantly high inhibition rates on the intrinsic trastuzumab-resistant cell line MDA-MB-453 and the tastuzumab-sensitive cell line SK-BR-3. These results imply that this immunotherapy might be a potential treatment to HER2-positive breast cancer.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 11602010 and 51505018）.
文摘Laser shock peening （LSP） is a novel effective surface treatment method to improve the fatigue performance of turbine blades. To study the effect of LSP on combined low- and high-cycle fatigue （CCF） life of turbine blades, the CCF tests were conducted at elevated temperatures on two types of full-scale turbine blades, which were made of K403 by casting and GH4133B by forging. Probabilistic analysis was conducted to find out the effect of LSP on fatigue life of those two kinds of blades. The results indicated that LSP extended the CCF life of both casting blades and forging blades obviously, and the effect of LSP on casting blades was more evident; besides, a threshold vibration stress existed for both casting blades and forging blades, and the CCF life tended to be extended by LSP only when the vibration stress was below the threshold vibra- tion stress. Further study of fractography was also conducted, indicating that due to the presence of compressive residual stress and refined grains induced by LSP, the crack initiation sources in LSP blades were obviously less, and the life of LSP blades was also longer; since the compressive residual stress was released by plastic deformation, LSP had no effect or adverse effect on CCF life of blade when the vibration stress of blade was above the threshold vibration stress.
基金supported by a grant from the Beijing Capital Development Foundation for Medical Sciences (No. 2007-2053)
文摘Objective：To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the mobilization of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells by combining docetaxel with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor（G-CSF） in breast cancer patients.Methods：A total of 57 breast cancer patients were treated with docetaxel 120 mg/m2.When the white blood cell（WBC） count decreased to 1.0×109/L,patients were given G-CSF 5-g/kg daily by subcutaneous injection until the end of apheresis.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells（MNC） were isolated by Cobe Spectra Apheresis System.The percentage of CD34＋ cell was assayed by flow cytometry.Results：At a median 6 of days（range 3-8） after the administration of docetaxel,the median WBC count decreased to 1.08×109/L（range 0.20-2.31）.The median duration of G-CSF mobilization was 3 days（range 2-7）.The MNC collection was conducted 8-12 days（median 10 days） after docetaxel treatment.The median MNC was 5.35×108/kg（range 0.59-14.07）,the median CD34＋ cell count was 2.43×106/kg（range 0.16-16.69）.The CD34＋ cell count was higher than 1.00×106/kg in 47 of 57 cases（82.46%） and higher than 2.00×106/kg in 36 cases（63.16%）.The CD34＋ cell count was higher than 2.00×106/kg in 27 collections（23.68%）.The MNC count and the CD34＋ cell count were correlated with the bottom of WBC after docetaxel chemotherapy（r=0.364,0.502,P=0.005,0.000）.The CD34＋ cell count was correlated with the MNC count（r=0.597,P=0.000）.The mobilization and apheresis were well tolerated in all patients.Mild perioral numbness and numbness of hand or feet were observed in 3 cases.No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion：Mobilization of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell by combining docetaxel with G-CSF was effective and safety in breast cancer patients.
