The past few years have witnessed enormous progresses in the development of antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs).Consequently,comprehensive analysis of ADCs in biological systems is critical in supporting discovery,developm...The past few years have witnessed enormous progresses in the development of antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs).Consequently,comprehensive analysis of ADCs in biological systems is critical in supporting discovery,development and evaluation of these agents.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)has eme rged as a promising and versatile tool for ADC analysis across a wide range of scenarios,owing to its multiplexing ability,rapid method development,as well as the capability of analyzing a variety of targets ranging from small-molecule payloads to the intact protein with a high,molecular resolution.However,despite this tremendous potential,challenges persist due to the high complexity in both the ADC molecules and the related biological systems.This review summarizes the up-to-date LC-MS-based strategies in ADC analysis and discusses the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly-evolving field.展开更多
During the crystallization of perovskite films,defects at Pb and I sites are generated,causing lattice mismatch and adversely affecting the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we introduced aπ-conjugat...During the crystallization of perovskite films,defects at Pb and I sites are generated,causing lattice mismatch and adversely affecting the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we introduced aπ-conjugated molecule with a dual-ring structure,namely CCA(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid),as an additive to regulate the crystallization of perovskite films and passivate defects.As a bidentate Lewis base,CCA coordinates the bidentate carboxyl groups with free Pb^(2+)through the delocalized electrons of its conjugated ring.This coordination regulates lattice stress,repairs the 3D[PbI6]octahedra,stabilizes the perovskite framework,and guides the vertical orientation growth of grains.Simultaneously,the addition of CCA shifts the perovskite’s band structure towards p-type,achieving better energy-level alignment with the doped hole-transport layer(HTL)and suppressing non-radiative recombination.Consequently,the prepared CCA-doped single-junction devices exhibit an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 24.90%,with a high open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 1.195,a high fill factor(FF)of 84.60%,and low FF loss.The optimized films and devices show enhanced long-term stability,retaining 80.1%of the initial efficiency after continuous illumination for 560 h.Additionally,a PCE of 21.6%was achieved in devices with a bandgap of 1.68 eV,which were further extended to perovskite/silicon tandem devices,achieving high-performance devices with PCEs of 30.96%(aperture area:1.05 cm^(2))and 25.96%(aperture area:20.06 cm^(2)).展开更多
Extracting and mining social networks information from massive Web data is of both theoretical and practical significance. However, one of definite features of this task was a large scale data processing, which remain...Extracting and mining social networks information from massive Web data is of both theoretical and practical significance. However, one of definite features of this task was a large scale data processing, which remained to be a great challenge that would be addressed. MapReduce is a kind of distributed programming model. Just through the implementation of map and reduce those two functions, the distributed tasks can work well. Nevertheless, this model does not directly support heterogeneous datasets processing, while heterogeneous datasets are common in Web. This article proposes a new framework which improves original MapReduce framework into a new one called Map-Reduce-Merge. It adds merge phase that can efficiently solve the problems of heterogeneous data processing. At the same time, some works of optimization and improvement are done based on the features of Web data.展开更多
The world consumes approximately 40 million tons of lubricants annually,and nearly half of them end up in the environment because of leaks,discharges,and evaporation,causing significant environmental and economic impa...The world consumes approximately 40 million tons of lubricants annually,and nearly half of them end up in the environment because of leaks,discharges,and evaporation,causing significant environmental and economic impacts.The need for moving toward environmentally acceptable lubricants(EALs)is increasingly being recognized.Synthetic ester,polyalkylene glycol,vegetable oil,and water are among the base fluids approved by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency for EALs.However,neat base fluids cannot fully meet the lubrication requirements without incorporating functional additives such as anti-wear,antioxidant,corrosion inhibitor,and viscosity modifiers.Both the performance and environmental compatibility of lubricant additives are critical.In this article,current and candidate EAL additives,both in liquid and solid forms,are reviewed,with a focus on their functionalities in friction and wear reduction,toxicity,and biodegradability.Finally,a perspective for future research on EAL additives is discussed.展开更多
文摘The past few years have witnessed enormous progresses in the development of antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs).Consequently,comprehensive analysis of ADCs in biological systems is critical in supporting discovery,development and evaluation of these agents.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)has eme rged as a promising and versatile tool for ADC analysis across a wide range of scenarios,owing to its multiplexing ability,rapid method development,as well as the capability of analyzing a variety of targets ranging from small-molecule payloads to the intact protein with a high,molecular resolution.However,despite this tremendous potential,challenges persist due to the high complexity in both the ADC molecules and the related biological systems.This review summarizes the up-to-date LC-MS-based strategies in ADC analysis and discusses the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly-evolving field.
基金the generous financial support provided by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024ZDZX0030)Chengdu Science and Technology Program(2024-JB00-00010-GX)。
文摘During the crystallization of perovskite films,defects at Pb and I sites are generated,causing lattice mismatch and adversely affecting the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we introduced aπ-conjugated molecule with a dual-ring structure,namely CCA(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid),as an additive to regulate the crystallization of perovskite films and passivate defects.As a bidentate Lewis base,CCA coordinates the bidentate carboxyl groups with free Pb^(2+)through the delocalized electrons of its conjugated ring.This coordination regulates lattice stress,repairs the 3D[PbI6]octahedra,stabilizes the perovskite framework,and guides the vertical orientation growth of grains.Simultaneously,the addition of CCA shifts the perovskite’s band structure towards p-type,achieving better energy-level alignment with the doped hole-transport layer(HTL)and suppressing non-radiative recombination.Consequently,the prepared CCA-doped single-junction devices exhibit an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 24.90%,with a high open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 1.195,a high fill factor(FF)of 84.60%,and low FF loss.The optimized films and devices show enhanced long-term stability,retaining 80.1%of the initial efficiency after continuous illumination for 560 h.Additionally,a PCE of 21.6%was achieved in devices with a bandgap of 1.68 eV,which were further extended to perovskite/silicon tandem devices,achieving high-performance devices with PCEs of 30.96%(aperture area:1.05 cm^(2))and 25.96%(aperture area:20.06 cm^(2)).
文摘Extracting and mining social networks information from massive Web data is of both theoretical and practical significance. However, one of definite features of this task was a large scale data processing, which remained to be a great challenge that would be addressed. MapReduce is a kind of distributed programming model. Just through the implementation of map and reduce those two functions, the distributed tasks can work well. Nevertheless, this model does not directly support heterogeneous datasets processing, while heterogeneous datasets are common in Web. This article proposes a new framework which improves original MapReduce framework into a new one called Map-Reduce-Merge. It adds merge phase that can efficiently solve the problems of heterogeneous data processing. At the same time, some works of optimization and improvement are done based on the features of Web data.
基金supported by the Water Power Technologies Office and Vehicle Technologies Office,Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,US Department of Energy(DOE).
文摘The world consumes approximately 40 million tons of lubricants annually,and nearly half of them end up in the environment because of leaks,discharges,and evaporation,causing significant environmental and economic impacts.The need for moving toward environmentally acceptable lubricants(EALs)is increasingly being recognized.Synthetic ester,polyalkylene glycol,vegetable oil,and water are among the base fluids approved by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency for EALs.However,neat base fluids cannot fully meet the lubrication requirements without incorporating functional additives such as anti-wear,antioxidant,corrosion inhibitor,and viscosity modifiers.Both the performance and environmental compatibility of lubricant additives are critical.In this article,current and candidate EAL additives,both in liquid and solid forms,are reviewed,with a focus on their functionalities in friction and wear reduction,toxicity,and biodegradability.Finally,a perspective for future research on EAL additives is discussed.
