Increasing evidence implicates disruptions in testicular fatty acid metabolism as a contributing factor in nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA),a severe form of male infertility.However,the precise mechanisms linking fatty...Increasing evidence implicates disruptions in testicular fatty acid metabolism as a contributing factor in nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA),a severe form of male infertility.However,the precise mechanisms linking fatty acid metabolism to NOA pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated.Multi-omics analyses,including microarray analysis,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq),and metabolomics,were utilized to investigate disruptions in fatty acid metabolism associated with NOA using data from public databases.Results identified ACSL6,ACSBG2,and OLAH as key genes linked to fatty acid metabolism dysregulation,suggesting their potential causative roles in NOA.A marked reduction in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,especially docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),was observed,potentially contributing to the pathological process of NOA.Sertoli cells in NOA patients exhibited apparent fatty acid metabolic dysfunction,with PPARG identified as a key transcription factor(TF)regulating this process.Functional analyses demonstrated that PPARG is crucial for maintaining blood-testis barrier(BTB)integrity and promoting spermatogenesis via regulation of fatty acid metabolism.These findings reveal the pivotal role of fatty acid metabolism in NOA and identify PPARG as a potential therapeutic target.展开更多
Vitamin D deficiency is a common health issue around the world. We therefore evaluated the associations of semen quality with both serum and seminal plasma vitamin D levels and studied the mechanisms underlying these ...Vitamin D deficiency is a common health issue around the world. We therefore evaluated the associations of semen quality with both serum and seminal plasma vitamin D levels and studied the mechanisms underlying these by incubating spermatozoa with 1,25(OH)2D in vitro. Two hun dred and twenty-two men were in eluded in our study. Vitamin D was detected using an electrochemilumi nesce nee method. Spermatozoa used for in vitro experiments were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Positive relationships of serum 25(OH)D with semen volume and seminal plasma fructose were identified. Seminal plasma 25(OH)D level showed no relationship with serum 25(OH)D level, while it was inversely associated with sperm concentration and positively correlated with semen volume and sperm kinetic values. In vitro, sperm kinetic parameters in creased after in cubation with 1,25(OH)2D, especially upon in cubation for 30 min with it at a concen tration of 0.1 nmol l-1. Under these in cubation conditions, the upward migratio n of spermatozoa in creased remarkably with increasing ade nosine triphosphate (ATP) con centratio n. The concentrati on of cyclic ade nosine mono phosphate (cAMP) and the activity of protei n kinase A (PKA) were both elevated, and the PKA inhibitor, N-[2-(p-Bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride (H89) reversed the in crease of ATP producti on. The conce ntrations of cytoplasmic calcium ions and n icotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were both enhanced, while mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) inhibitor, Ruthenium 360 (Ru360) did not reverse the increase of ATP production. Therefore, seminal plasma vitamin D may be invoIved in regulating sperm motility, and 1,25(OH)2D may enhance sperm motility by promoting the synthesis of ATP both through the cAMP/PKA pathway and the in crease in in tracellular calcium ions.展开更多
Myriad biological factors have been proposed to explain premature ejaculation （PE）. However, data correlating PE with seminal vesicles （SVs） are sparse. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the siz...Myriad biological factors have been proposed to explain premature ejaculation （PE）. However, data correlating PE with seminal vesicles （SVs） are sparse. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the size of SV and PE. The cross-sectional study included 44 outpatients with PE and 44 volunteers without PE, and the size of SV was compared. Self-estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency time, the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool （PEDT）, the International Index of Erectile Function-15, and the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index were used for assessment of symptoms. Compared to the control group, the PE group had significantly higher mean anterior-posterior diameter （APD） of SV （P 〈 0.001）. The optimal mean APD of SV cutoff level was 9.25 mm for PE. In the PE group, PEDT was also higher with a mean APD of SV ≥9.25 mm compared with mean APD of SV 〈9.25 mm. PEDT was significantly correlated with the mean APD of SV （r = 0.326, P = 0.031）. The seminal plasma proteins were compared between six PE and six matched control cases by mass spectrometry and it was shown that 102 proteins were at least 1.5-fold up- or down-regulated. Among them, GGT1, LAMC1, and APP were significantly higher in the PE group. These results indicated that men with a larger mean APD of SV might have a higher PEDT score. Transrectal ultrasound of SV should be considered in the evaluation of patients with premature ejaculation. SV might be a potential target for the treatment of patients with PE and ultrasound change in SV.展开更多
The efficiency of photocatalytic pollutant removal largely depends on the ability of the photocatalytic system to produce hydroxyl radicals(·OH).However,the capability of photocatalyst to produce·OH is not s...The efficiency of photocatalytic pollutant removal largely depends on the ability of the photocatalytic system to produce hydroxyl radicals(·OH).However,the capability of photocatalyst to produce·OH is not strong at present.Advancing the capacity of photocatalytic system to produce·OH has always been a tough problem and challenge in the field of environmental science.In this research,it was found that introducing nitric oxide(NO)into the graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))photocatalytic system could memorably enhance the ability of producing·OH group.This study provides a new idea for improving the capacity of photocatalytic·OH production.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to investigate the changes in the clinical indicators and influencing factors of treatment duration among human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients in whom antiretroviral therapy(ART)was un...Background:This study aimed to investigate the changes in the clinical indicators and influencing factors of treatment duration among human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients in whom antiretroviral therapy(ART)was unsuccessful.Methods:In this retrospective study,a total of 9,418 HIV patients who failed in ART during 2004–2016 were included and divided into two treatment groups—Group 1(treatment time≤3 years,n1=5,218)and Group 2(treatment time>3 years,n2=4,200).Patient follow-up data,including age,cluster of differentiation 4(CD4)count,and viral load,glucose,creatinine,and triglyceride levels,were extracted from electronic health record databases.Covariance analysis for repeated measures was used to analyze the biochemical indicators,and multiple logistic regression modeling was used to compare relevant data extracted from the Group 1 and Group 2 HIV patient cohorts with different treatment time.Results:The median initial CD4 count was 175.0 cells/μl(interquartile range,77.0–282.0),while the initial CD4 counts for Group 1 were lower than those for Group 2(P<0.05).A significant interaction between group and time effects was observed(P<0.05)in total cholesterol(TC).Changes in hemoglobin level among HIV patients were also significantly associated with treatment time(P=0.001).The initial CD4 count(odds ratio[OR]=0.756),female sex(OR=0.713),Zerit(d4T)(OR=1.443),TC(OR=1.285),and aspartate aminotransferase level(OR=1.002)were significantly associated with the survival time of dead patients with HIV(P<0.05).Additionally,the initial CD4 count(OR=1.456),age(OR=1.022),time interval(OR=0.903),patient’s living status(OR=0.597),d4T(OR=2.256),and triglyceride(OR=0.930)and hemoglobin levels(OR=0.997)were significantly associated with the treatment time of HIV patients with drug withdrawal(P<0.05).Conclusion:The initial biochemical parameters can affect the survival and treatment time of HIV patients.With a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and biochemical indicators of patients,we can reduce the probability of drug withdrawal and prolong the survival time of HIV patients.展开更多
Background:By September 2016,approximately 653,865 people in China were living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA)and 492,725 people were receiving antiretroviral therapy(ART).PLWHA frequently experience discrimination in all domain...Background:By September 2016,approximately 653,865 people in China were living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA)and 492,725 people were receiving antiretroviral therapy(ART).PLWHA frequently experience discrimination in all domains of their personal and social lives.The World Health Organization includes discrimination in its list of social determinants of health factors that have been linked to poor physical and psychological health.This paper identifies the family support enjoyed and discrimination faced by people infected with HIV and examines the effect they have on patients’quality of life(QOL)as they undergo ART in China.Methods:We conducted this observational cohort study of ART-treated patients with HIV in Guangxi Province using a questionnaire survey at baseline,6,12,and 24 months,starting in 2010.Descriptive analysis was used to describe the demographic characteristics(e.g.,age,sex,educational level,marital status,and employment status)of participants.Generalized estimating equations(GEE)were employed to examine the relationships between family support,discrimination,and QOL.Results:In the study,90.4%(n=281)of patients received family support at baseline,here defined as the initiation of ART,91.8%(n=244)received family support 6 months into ART,95.5%(n=220)at 12 months,and 94.3%(n=230)at 24 months.The proportion of patients who did not feel discriminated against by their families was 87.2%(n=274)at baseline,90.4%(n=229)6 months into ART,90.0%(n=210)at 12 months,and 94.5%(n=219)at 24 months.Patients’overall QOL scores were positively associated with having received family support(OR=2.74,P=0.040,95%CI:1.68-4.47),not feeling discriminated against by their families(OR=1.3,P=0.041,95%CI:1.07-1.59)or discrimination from patients themselves,including never experiencing fear of abandonment by family(OR=2.05,P=0.025,95%CI:1.49-2.82).Conclusions:Family support along with no or minimal discrimination was found to contribute to QOL among people infected with HIV.Their overall QOL tended to improve significantly as ART continued.This suggests that strategies meant to improve and strengthen family support,care for PLWHA,and promote HIV screening among high-risk populations should be explored by both policy makers and researchers.展开更多
We study the dynamics of two-level atomic systems(qubits) subject to a double-layer environment that consists of a network of single-mode cavities coupled to a common reservoir. A general exact master equation for the...We study the dynamics of two-level atomic systems(qubits) subject to a double-layer environment that consists of a network of single-mode cavities coupled to a common reservoir. A general exact master equation for the dynamics of a qubit system can be obtained by the quantum-state-diffusion(QSD) approach, which is extended to our spin-cavity-boson model. The quantumness of the atoms comprising coherence and entanglement is investigated for various configurations of the double-layer environment.The findings indicate that parametric control is available for the preservation and generation of system-quantumness by regulating the cavity network. Moreover the underlying physics is profoundly revealed by an effective model obtained by a unitary transformation. Therefore, our work provides an interesting proposal to protect the quantumness of open systems in the framework of a double-layer environment containing bosonic modes.展开更多
We study the steady state of two coupled two-level atoms interacting with a non-equilibrium environment that consists of two heat baths at different temperatures. Specifically, we analyze four cases with respect to th...We study the steady state of two coupled two-level atoms interacting with a non-equilibrium environment that consists of two heat baths at different temperatures. Specifically, we analyze four cases with respect to the configuration about the interactions between atoms and heat baths. Using secular approximation, the conventional master equation usually neglects steady-state coherence,even when the system is coupled with a non-equilibrium environment. When employing the master equation with no secular approximation, we find that the system coherence in our model, denoted by the off-diagonal terms in the reduced density matrix spanned by the eigenvectors of the system Hamiltonian, would survive after a long-time decoherence evolution. The absolute value of residual coherence in the system relies on different configurations of interaction channels between the system and the heat baths. We find that a large steady quantum coherence term can be achieved when the two atoms are resonant. The absolute value of quantum coherence decreases in the presence of additional atom-bath interaction channels. Our work sheds new light on the mechanism of steady-state coherence in microscopic quantum systems in non-equilibrium environments.展开更多
Rapidity and agility are equally important to unmanned underwater vehicles(UUVs).In this study we developed a UUV equipped with a hybrid propulsor which consists of a screw propeller and four bio-inspired flippers.The...Rapidity and agility are equally important to unmanned underwater vehicles(UUVs).In this study we developed a UUV equipped with a hybrid propulsor which consists of a screw propeller and four bio-inspired flippers.The bionic flippers rely on their flapping motion to generate both thrust and lateral forces,and the screw propeller provides additional thrust for fast cruise.The maneuverability is greatly improved while the capability of sailing fast is maintained.For the typical sailing requests,the flapping motions of the flippers were designed meticulously,and a control algorithm based on central pattern generators(CPGs)was built to produce rhythmic locomotor signals considering the motion periodicity.Simultaneously,a feedback control method was merged to correct the deviation of the course.A compact concentric-shafts transmission mechanism was employed to overcome the inadequacy of the inside space,and the vehicle was built.Finally,the sailing and maneuvering performance were tested.It was demonstrated that,the UUV’s overall sailing performance was enhanced significantly due to the combination of the flapping flippers and the screw propeller.The hybrid-propulsor vehicle is capable of sailing in multiplicate environments.展开更多
Abstract The aim of this work was to understand the development of defoliating insects and their preferences for host plants under varying temperatures in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. We measu...Abstract The aim of this work was to understand the development of defoliating insects and their preferences for host plants under varying temperatures in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. We measured the main developmental parameters of three typical defoliating insects （i.e., Ourapteryx ebuleata szechuana, Biston marginata, and Euproctis angulata） and their preferences for five host plants at temperatures from 16~C to 31 ~C at 3~C intervals in the Tiantong National Forest Research station in eastern China. The results showed the following. 1） An appropriate rise in temperature increases the survival rate with an increase in the number of offspring. The developmental durations for these three insects were shortened, and pupal weight increased with an increase in temperature. 2） A shift in the preference for host plants for these three insects was observedat elevated tempera- tures. They all preferred to feed on Schima superba and Castanopsis sclerophylla at elevated temperatures, show- ing an opposite response to the other three plants. The daily leaf consumption of the three insects was positively correlated with their feeding preference, with more leaves being consumed from the plants they preferred. 3） For O. ebuleata szechuana larvae, daily leaf consumption initially increased and then decreased with increasing temperatures. In contrast, Biston marginata and Euproctis angulata larvae consumed more leaves at elevated temperatures. The feeding preferences of O. ebuleata szechuana and Biston marginata were more sensitive to changing temperatures than that of Euproctis angulata laevae. We concluded that increased numbers of offspring and generations, pupal weights, and a shift in preference to two plants for these three defoliating insects might lead to severe damage to these two plants which would enhance the fragmentation and decrease the stability of the forest communities under changing temperatures. Meanwhile, the variations in the responses of defoliating insects to the changing temperatures should be taken into consideration for the pest management of forests to adapt to the changing climate.展开更多
The development of the climate-change-mitigation technology has received widespread attention from both academic and policy studies.Nevertheless,very few studies have explained how and why economies contribute differe...The development of the climate-change-mitigation technology has received widespread attention from both academic and policy studies.Nevertheless,very few studies have explained how and why economies contribute differently to global development.This paper decomposed the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology,proxied by patent-based indicators,from 1996 to 2015 into several predefined factors.The results show that the worldwide surge of climate-change-mitigation-technology patents from 1996 to 2011 is driven by increased concentration on green invention,improved research intensity,and enlarged economic scale,while the falling of patent counts from 2011 to 2015 is predominantly due to less concentration on green invention.Among different climate-change-mitigation technologies,the type-specific development is attributed to different dominant factors,and the resulting priority change can reflect the shift of both global research and development(R&D)resource and market demand.Regarding regional contributions,the resulting economy-specific contributions to each driving factor can be used to design the policies to promote the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology.展开更多
The irregular wellbore trajectory caused by the wellbore deviation and fluctuation makes a significant effect on the torque and drag in extending and direction drilling,especially for wellbore trajectory with obvious ...The irregular wellbore trajectory caused by the wellbore deviation and fluctuation makes a significant effect on the torque and drag in extending and direction drilling,especially for wellbore trajectory with obvious deviation in the drilling direction.As a consequence,a new quasi-three-dimensional wellbore tortuosity evaluation method is developed.The new method incorporates the effect of fluctuation frequency and amplitude of oscillating wellbore trajectory;a weight coefficient index that quantifies the effect of tortuosity of one segment trajectory to the entire trajectory;a‘Peak-Valley’principle that can decompose the irregular wellbore trajectory in various scale lengths.The studies show that the deflection angle between the segments of tortuous wellbore increases the torque and drag by strengthening the contact behaviors between the drillstring and borehole.Therefore,the deflection angle is introduced to quantify the effect of deviation in the drilling direction on wellbore tortuosity.The evaluation results of two field cases demonstrate the new method which is adapted to the wellbore trajectory fluctuating with various characteristics and can reflect the actual state of wellbore tortuosity with severe oscillation more effectively and accurately.展开更多
The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)is the most widely used soil erosion modeling method worldwide.The karst regions,influenced by geological conditions and human activities,feature extensive exposure of ca...The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)is the most widely used soil erosion modeling method worldwide.The karst regions,influenced by geological conditions and human activities,feature extensive exposure of carbonate rocks on the surface,which presents challenges for the application of the RUSLE model in these areas.This study introduces the rocky desertification factor(D)to characterize the influence of exposed surface rock on soil loss.The relationship between rock exposure rate and soil erosion was incorporated into the RUSLE model to develop a RUSLE-D model.We compared the per-formance of the RUSLE and RUSLE-D models using long-term high-frequency hydrological signals from two typical karst catchments to validate the applicability of the RUSLE-D model in karst areas.The results indicated that under natural rainfall conditions,soil erosion decreased as the rock exposure rate increased,showing a negative exponential relationship.The RUSLE-D model estimated the multi-year average soil erosion rates for the SBT and GC catchments to be 8.99 and 14.63 t ha^(-2)·yr^(-1),respec-tively.The R^(2) values for the RUSLE and RUSLE-D models in the SBT catchment were 0.34 and 0.78,respectively,with NSE values of-0.03 and 0.55,and PBIAS values of-81.39%and 13.87%;for the GC catchment,the R^(2) values were 0.14 and 0.68,with NSE values of-13.82 and 0.43,and PBIAS values of-182.85%and-24.27%.The MCI indices for the SBT and GC catchments were 0.56 and 0.96,respectively.The RUSLE-D model significantly improved the accuracy of soil erosion simulation in typical karst watersheds.This study underscores the importance of incorporating the rocky desertifi-cation factor in soil erosion assessments within karst areas.The newly developed RUSLE-D model contributes to further developing the USLE/RUSLE series of models,enhancing their applicability in karst areas.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20277,81971373)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Cultivation Unit (JSDW202215)+1 种基金333 High-level Personnel Training Project of Jiangsu Province (BRA2019109)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX22_1826)。
文摘Increasing evidence implicates disruptions in testicular fatty acid metabolism as a contributing factor in nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA),a severe form of male infertility.However,the precise mechanisms linking fatty acid metabolism to NOA pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated.Multi-omics analyses,including microarray analysis,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq),and metabolomics,were utilized to investigate disruptions in fatty acid metabolism associated with NOA using data from public databases.Results identified ACSL6,ACSBG2,and OLAH as key genes linked to fatty acid metabolism dysregulation,suggesting their potential causative roles in NOA.A marked reduction in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,especially docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),was observed,potentially contributing to the pathological process of NOA.Sertoli cells in NOA patients exhibited apparent fatty acid metabolic dysfunction,with PPARG identified as a key transcription factor(TF)regulating this process.Functional analyses demonstrated that PPARG is crucial for maintaining blood-testis barrier(BTB)integrity and promoting spermatogenesis via regulation of fatty acid metabolism.These findings reveal the pivotal role of fatty acid metabolism in NOA and identify PPARG as a potential therapeutic target.
基金the Research Funds for Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Plan (Grant No. BE2016750)Research Funds for Military Family Planning (Grant No. 16JS012)+5 种基金Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 2017-WSW-033)Chinese Medical Association Special Fund for Clinical Medical Research (Grant No. 17020350704)Foundation for Key Medical Talents in Jiangsu Province (Grant No. ZDRCA2016096)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20170620)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2017M613434)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81701431 and 81701440).
文摘Vitamin D deficiency is a common health issue around the world. We therefore evaluated the associations of semen quality with both serum and seminal plasma vitamin D levels and studied the mechanisms underlying these by incubating spermatozoa with 1,25(OH)2D in vitro. Two hun dred and twenty-two men were in eluded in our study. Vitamin D was detected using an electrochemilumi nesce nee method. Spermatozoa used for in vitro experiments were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Positive relationships of serum 25(OH)D with semen volume and seminal plasma fructose were identified. Seminal plasma 25(OH)D level showed no relationship with serum 25(OH)D level, while it was inversely associated with sperm concentration and positively correlated with semen volume and sperm kinetic values. In vitro, sperm kinetic parameters in creased after in cubation with 1,25(OH)2D, especially upon in cubation for 30 min with it at a concen tration of 0.1 nmol l-1. Under these in cubation conditions, the upward migratio n of spermatozoa in creased remarkably with increasing ade nosine triphosphate (ATP) con centratio n. The concentrati on of cyclic ade nosine mono phosphate (cAMP) and the activity of protei n kinase A (PKA) were both elevated, and the PKA inhibitor, N-[2-(p-Bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride (H89) reversed the in crease of ATP producti on. The conce ntrations of cytoplasmic calcium ions and n icotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were both enhanced, while mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) inhibitor, Ruthenium 360 (Ru360) did not reverse the increase of ATP production. Therefore, seminal plasma vitamin D may be invoIved in regulating sperm motility, and 1,25(OH)2D may enhance sperm motility by promoting the synthesis of ATP both through the cAMP/PKA pathway and the in crease in in tracellular calcium ions.
文摘Myriad biological factors have been proposed to explain premature ejaculation （PE）. However, data correlating PE with seminal vesicles （SVs） are sparse. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the size of SV and PE. The cross-sectional study included 44 outpatients with PE and 44 volunteers without PE, and the size of SV was compared. Self-estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency time, the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool （PEDT）, the International Index of Erectile Function-15, and the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index were used for assessment of symptoms. Compared to the control group, the PE group had significantly higher mean anterior-posterior diameter （APD） of SV （P 〈 0.001）. The optimal mean APD of SV cutoff level was 9.25 mm for PE. In the PE group, PEDT was also higher with a mean APD of SV ≥9.25 mm compared with mean APD of SV 〈9.25 mm. PEDT was significantly correlated with the mean APD of SV （r = 0.326, P = 0.031）. The seminal plasma proteins were compared between six PE and six matched control cases by mass spectrometry and it was shown that 102 proteins were at least 1.5-fold up- or down-regulated. Among them, GGT1, LAMC1, and APP were significantly higher in the PE group. These results indicated that men with a larger mean APD of SV might have a higher PEDT score. Transrectal ultrasound of SV should be considered in the evaluation of patients with premature ejaculation. SV might be a potential target for the treatment of patients with PE and ultrasound change in SV.
基金Financial support by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.21876104 and 21603271)is gratefully appreciatedpartially supported by the General Research Fund(Nos.18300920 and 18301117)of Research Grants Council+1 种基金the Department Collaborative Fund(No.04490)Dean's Research Fund(No.FLASS/DRF04554)of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences,The Education Universityof Hong Kong,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China.
文摘The efficiency of photocatalytic pollutant removal largely depends on the ability of the photocatalytic system to produce hydroxyl radicals(·OH).However,the capability of photocatalyst to produce·OH is not strong at present.Advancing the capacity of photocatalytic system to produce·OH has always been a tough problem and challenge in the field of environmental science.In this research,it was found that introducing nitric oxide(NO)into the graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))photocatalytic system could memorably enhance the ability of producing·OH group.This study provides a new idea for improving the capacity of photocatalytic·OH production.
基金supported by grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71874100)Science and Technology Program of Beijing(Grant No.D171100006717002).
文摘Background:This study aimed to investigate the changes in the clinical indicators and influencing factors of treatment duration among human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients in whom antiretroviral therapy(ART)was unsuccessful.Methods:In this retrospective study,a total of 9,418 HIV patients who failed in ART during 2004–2016 were included and divided into two treatment groups—Group 1(treatment time≤3 years,n1=5,218)and Group 2(treatment time>3 years,n2=4,200).Patient follow-up data,including age,cluster of differentiation 4(CD4)count,and viral load,glucose,creatinine,and triglyceride levels,were extracted from electronic health record databases.Covariance analysis for repeated measures was used to analyze the biochemical indicators,and multiple logistic regression modeling was used to compare relevant data extracted from the Group 1 and Group 2 HIV patient cohorts with different treatment time.Results:The median initial CD4 count was 175.0 cells/μl(interquartile range,77.0–282.0),while the initial CD4 counts for Group 1 were lower than those for Group 2(P<0.05).A significant interaction between group and time effects was observed(P<0.05)in total cholesterol(TC).Changes in hemoglobin level among HIV patients were also significantly associated with treatment time(P=0.001).The initial CD4 count(odds ratio[OR]=0.756),female sex(OR=0.713),Zerit(d4T)(OR=1.443),TC(OR=1.285),and aspartate aminotransferase level(OR=1.002)were significantly associated with the survival time of dead patients with HIV(P<0.05).Additionally,the initial CD4 count(OR=1.456),age(OR=1.022),time interval(OR=0.903),patient’s living status(OR=0.597),d4T(OR=2.256),and triglyceride(OR=0.930)and hemoglobin levels(OR=0.997)were significantly associated with the treatment time of HIV patients with drug withdrawal(P<0.05).Conclusion:The initial biochemical parameters can affect the survival and treatment time of HIV patients.With a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and biochemical indicators of patients,we can reduce the probability of drug withdrawal and prolong the survival time of HIV patients.
基金The study was supported in part by grants from the Program of 15 Years China AIDS Antiretroviral Treatment of Economic Evaluation and Medicare Payment Mode Studies(project no.20163000254).
文摘Background:By September 2016,approximately 653,865 people in China were living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA)and 492,725 people were receiving antiretroviral therapy(ART).PLWHA frequently experience discrimination in all domains of their personal and social lives.The World Health Organization includes discrimination in its list of social determinants of health factors that have been linked to poor physical and psychological health.This paper identifies the family support enjoyed and discrimination faced by people infected with HIV and examines the effect they have on patients’quality of life(QOL)as they undergo ART in China.Methods:We conducted this observational cohort study of ART-treated patients with HIV in Guangxi Province using a questionnaire survey at baseline,6,12,and 24 months,starting in 2010.Descriptive analysis was used to describe the demographic characteristics(e.g.,age,sex,educational level,marital status,and employment status)of participants.Generalized estimating equations(GEE)were employed to examine the relationships between family support,discrimination,and QOL.Results:In the study,90.4%(n=281)of patients received family support at baseline,here defined as the initiation of ART,91.8%(n=244)received family support 6 months into ART,95.5%(n=220)at 12 months,and 94.3%(n=230)at 24 months.The proportion of patients who did not feel discriminated against by their families was 87.2%(n=274)at baseline,90.4%(n=229)6 months into ART,90.0%(n=210)at 12 months,and 94.5%(n=219)at 24 months.Patients’overall QOL scores were positively associated with having received family support(OR=2.74,P=0.040,95%CI:1.68-4.47),not feeling discriminated against by their families(OR=1.3,P=0.041,95%CI:1.07-1.59)or discrimination from patients themselves,including never experiencing fear of abandonment by family(OR=2.05,P=0.025,95%CI:1.49-2.82).Conclusions:Family support along with no or minimal discrimination was found to contribute to QOL among people infected with HIV.Their overall QOL tended to improve significantly as ART continued.This suggests that strategies meant to improve and strengthen family support,care for PLWHA,and promote HIV screening among high-risk populations should be explored by both policy makers and researchers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11575071,11974311,and U1801661)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LD18A040001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘We study the dynamics of two-level atomic systems(qubits) subject to a double-layer environment that consists of a network of single-mode cavities coupled to a common reservoir. A general exact master equation for the dynamics of a qubit system can be obtained by the quantum-state-diffusion(QSD) approach, which is extended to our spin-cavity-boson model. The quantumness of the atoms comprising coherence and entanglement is investigated for various configurations of the double-layer environment.The findings indicate that parametric control is available for the preservation and generation of system-quantumness by regulating the cavity network. Moreover the underlying physics is profoundly revealed by an effective model obtained by a unitary transformation. Therefore, our work provides an interesting proposal to protect the quantumness of open systems in the framework of a double-layer environment containing bosonic modes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11575071)
文摘We study the steady state of two coupled two-level atoms interacting with a non-equilibrium environment that consists of two heat baths at different temperatures. Specifically, we analyze four cases with respect to the configuration about the interactions between atoms and heat baths. Using secular approximation, the conventional master equation usually neglects steady-state coherence,even when the system is coupled with a non-equilibrium environment. When employing the master equation with no secular approximation, we find that the system coherence in our model, denoted by the off-diagonal terms in the reduced density matrix spanned by the eigenvectors of the system Hamiltonian, would survive after a long-time decoherence evolution. The absolute value of residual coherence in the system relies on different configurations of interaction channels between the system and the heat baths. We find that a large steady quantum coherence term can be achieved when the two atoms are resonant. The absolute value of quantum coherence decreases in the presence of additional atom-bath interaction channels. Our work sheds new light on the mechanism of steady-state coherence in microscopic quantum systems in non-equilibrium environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11272310,11625211,and 11621202).
文摘Rapidity and agility are equally important to unmanned underwater vehicles(UUVs).In this study we developed a UUV equipped with a hybrid propulsor which consists of a screw propeller and four bio-inspired flippers.The bionic flippers rely on their flapping motion to generate both thrust and lateral forces,and the screw propeller provides additional thrust for fast cruise.The maneuverability is greatly improved while the capability of sailing fast is maintained.For the typical sailing requests,the flapping motions of the flippers were designed meticulously,and a control algorithm based on central pattern generators(CPGs)was built to produce rhythmic locomotor signals considering the motion periodicity.Simultaneously,a feedback control method was merged to correct the deviation of the course.A compact concentric-shafts transmission mechanism was employed to overcome the inadequacy of the inside space,and the vehicle was built.Finally,the sailing and maneuvering performance were tested.It was demonstrated that,the UUV’s overall sailing performance was enhanced significantly due to the combination of the flapping flippers and the screw propeller.The hybrid-propulsor vehicle is capable of sailing in multiplicate environments.
文摘Abstract The aim of this work was to understand the development of defoliating insects and their preferences for host plants under varying temperatures in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. We measured the main developmental parameters of three typical defoliating insects （i.e., Ourapteryx ebuleata szechuana, Biston marginata, and Euproctis angulata） and their preferences for five host plants at temperatures from 16~C to 31 ~C at 3~C intervals in the Tiantong National Forest Research station in eastern China. The results showed the following. 1） An appropriate rise in temperature increases the survival rate with an increase in the number of offspring. The developmental durations for these three insects were shortened, and pupal weight increased with an increase in temperature. 2） A shift in the preference for host plants for these three insects was observedat elevated tempera- tures. They all preferred to feed on Schima superba and Castanopsis sclerophylla at elevated temperatures, show- ing an opposite response to the other three plants. The daily leaf consumption of the three insects was positively correlated with their feeding preference, with more leaves being consumed from the plants they preferred. 3） For O. ebuleata szechuana larvae, daily leaf consumption initially increased and then decreased with increasing temperatures. In contrast, Biston marginata and Euproctis angulata larvae consumed more leaves at elevated temperatures. The feeding preferences of O. ebuleata szechuana and Biston marginata were more sensitive to changing temperatures than that of Euproctis angulata laevae. We concluded that increased numbers of offspring and generations, pupal weights, and a shift in preference to two plants for these three defoliating insects might lead to severe damage to these two plants which would enhance the fragmentation and decrease the stability of the forest communities under changing temperatures. Meanwhile, the variations in the responses of defoliating insects to the changing temperatures should be taken into consideration for the pest management of forests to adapt to the changing climate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72003145,72074184,and 71603148)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M683437)the Humanities and Social Science Research Project of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.18YJC790194).
文摘The development of the climate-change-mitigation technology has received widespread attention from both academic and policy studies.Nevertheless,very few studies have explained how and why economies contribute differently to global development.This paper decomposed the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology,proxied by patent-based indicators,from 1996 to 2015 into several predefined factors.The results show that the worldwide surge of climate-change-mitigation-technology patents from 1996 to 2011 is driven by increased concentration on green invention,improved research intensity,and enlarged economic scale,while the falling of patent counts from 2011 to 2015 is predominantly due to less concentration on green invention.Among different climate-change-mitigation technologies,the type-specific development is attributed to different dominant factors,and the resulting priority change can reflect the shift of both global research and development(R&D)resource and market demand.Regarding regional contributions,the resulting economy-specific contributions to each driving factor can be used to design the policies to promote the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology.
基金This study is supported by Open Fund(PLN201921)of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation(Southwest Petroleum University)scientific research starting project of SWPU(No.2019QHZ008).
文摘The irregular wellbore trajectory caused by the wellbore deviation and fluctuation makes a significant effect on the torque and drag in extending and direction drilling,especially for wellbore trajectory with obvious deviation in the drilling direction.As a consequence,a new quasi-three-dimensional wellbore tortuosity evaluation method is developed.The new method incorporates the effect of fluctuation frequency and amplitude of oscillating wellbore trajectory;a weight coefficient index that quantifies the effect of tortuosity of one segment trajectory to the entire trajectory;a‘Peak-Valley’principle that can decompose the irregular wellbore trajectory in various scale lengths.The studies show that the deflection angle between the segments of tortuous wellbore increases the torque and drag by strengthening the contact behaviors between the drillstring and borehole.Therefore,the deflection angle is introduced to quantify the effect of deviation in the drilling direction on wellbore tortuosity.The evaluation results of two field cases demonstrate the new method which is adapted to the wellbore trajectory fluctuating with various characteristics and can reflect the actual state of wellbore tortuosity with severe oscillation more effectively and accurately.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060372,32360421)the Guizhou Province Department of Science and Technology(QianKeHeJiChu-ZK[2023]Key 029)+1 种基金Guizhou Forestry Bureau(QianLinKeHe[2024]19)the Guizhou Normal University(QianShiXinMiao[2021]A14).
文摘The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)is the most widely used soil erosion modeling method worldwide.The karst regions,influenced by geological conditions and human activities,feature extensive exposure of carbonate rocks on the surface,which presents challenges for the application of the RUSLE model in these areas.This study introduces the rocky desertification factor(D)to characterize the influence of exposed surface rock on soil loss.The relationship between rock exposure rate and soil erosion was incorporated into the RUSLE model to develop a RUSLE-D model.We compared the per-formance of the RUSLE and RUSLE-D models using long-term high-frequency hydrological signals from two typical karst catchments to validate the applicability of the RUSLE-D model in karst areas.The results indicated that under natural rainfall conditions,soil erosion decreased as the rock exposure rate increased,showing a negative exponential relationship.The RUSLE-D model estimated the multi-year average soil erosion rates for the SBT and GC catchments to be 8.99 and 14.63 t ha^(-2)·yr^(-1),respec-tively.The R^(2) values for the RUSLE and RUSLE-D models in the SBT catchment were 0.34 and 0.78,respectively,with NSE values of-0.03 and 0.55,and PBIAS values of-81.39%and 13.87%;for the GC catchment,the R^(2) values were 0.14 and 0.68,with NSE values of-13.82 and 0.43,and PBIAS values of-182.85%and-24.27%.The MCI indices for the SBT and GC catchments were 0.56 and 0.96,respectively.The RUSLE-D model significantly improved the accuracy of soil erosion simulation in typical karst watersheds.This study underscores the importance of incorporating the rocky desertifi-cation factor in soil erosion assessments within karst areas.The newly developed RUSLE-D model contributes to further developing the USLE/RUSLE series of models,enhancing their applicability in karst areas.
