Background:Dry eye disease(DED)predominantly results from elevated tear film os-molarity,which can not only cause ocular inconvenience but may lead to visual impair-ments,severely compromising patient well-being and e...Background:Dry eye disease(DED)predominantly results from elevated tear film os-molarity,which can not only cause ocular inconvenience but may lead to visual impair-ments,severely compromising patient well-being and exerting substantial economic burdens as well.Astaxanthin(AST),a member of the xanthophylls and recognized for its robust abilities to combat inflammation and oxidation,is a common dietary sup-plement.Nonetheless,the precise molecular pathways through which AST influences DED are still poorly understood.Methods:Therapeutic targets for AST were identified using data from the GeneCards,PharmMapper,and Swiss Target Prediction databases,and STITCH datasets.Similarly,targets for dry eye disease(DED)were delineated leveraging resources such as the Therapeutic Target Database(TTD),DisGeNET,GeneCards,and OMIM databases,and DrugBank datasets.Interactions among shared targets were charted and dis-played using CytoScape 3.9.0.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were conducted to elucidate the functions of pivotal tar-gets within the protein-protein interaction network.Molecular interactions between AST and key targets were confirmed through molecular docking using AutoDock and PyMOL.Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using GROMACS 2022.3.Viability of human corneal epithelial cells(hCEC)was assessed across varying concen-trations of AST.A mouse model of experimental DED was developed using 0.1%ben-zalkonium chloride(BAC),and the animals were administered 100 mg/kg/day of AST orally for 7 days.The efficacy of the treatments was assessed through a series of di-agnostic tests to evaluate the condition of the ocular surface after the interventions.The levels of inflammation and oxidative stress were quantitatively assessed using methods such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blot,and immunofluorescence staining.Results:Network pharmacology suggests that AST may alleviate DED by influenc-ing oxidation-reduction signaling pathways and reducing oxidative stress provoked by BAC.In vivo experiments demonstrated an improved overall condition in AST-administered mice in contrast to the control group.Immunofluorescence staining analyses indicated a decrease in Keap1 protein in the corneal tissues of AST-treated mice and a significant increase in Nrf2 and HO-1 protein.In vitro studies demon-strated that AST significantly enhanced cell viability and suppressed reactive oxy-gen species expression under hyperosmotic(HS)conditions,thereby protecting the human corneal epithelium.Conclusion:AST is capable of shielding mice from BAC-induced DED,decelerating the progression of DED,and mitigating oxidative stress damage under HS conditions in hCEC cells.The protective impact of AST on DED may operate through stimulating the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.Our research findings indicate that AST may be a promising treatment for DED,offering new insights into DED treatment.展开更多
CO_(2)injection in shale oil reservoirs has emerged as a promising technique for simultaneously achieving CO_(2)geological storage and enhancing shale oil recovery.This study investigates the potential of CO_(2)inject...CO_(2)injection in shale oil reservoirs has emerged as a promising technique for simultaneously achieving CO_(2)geological storage and enhancing shale oil recovery.This study investigates the potential of CO_(2)injection into shale oil reservoirs with natural fractures for carbon storage and enhanced oil recovery through a combination of experimental and numerical simulations.It focuses on the synergistic effects on carbon storage capacity and oil recovery efficiency.A series of CO_(2)injection experiments using online NMR T_(2)and stratified T_(2)technology were conducted to validate the feasibility of carbon storage and oil recovery in shale oil reservoirs.The shale samples consist of three distinct pore space systems:kerogen,inorganic matrix,and shale bedding fractures.A coupled multiscale-multiphase simulation model was developed to facilitate a comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanisms.In the model,kerogen,inorganic matrix,and shale bedding fractures are defined as triple-continuum media.The model integrates the mechanisms of molecular diffusion,adsorption,and viscous flow to accurately represent the mass transport processes during CO_(2)injection in shale oil reservoirs.Within this framework,a series of mass transport partial differential equations were derived to describe the CO_(2)injection process.The finite element method was used to numerically solve these equations,and the proposed model was validated against experimental results.Sensitivity analyses yielded the following results:(1)The shale bedding fractures are not only key reservoir spaces for shale oil but also the key mass transfer channels for shale oil and CO_(2)during CO_(2)injection.Increasing the permeability of the shale bedding fractures can significantly improve oil recovery efficiency and CO_(2)adsorption amount.(2)The kerogen content and organic porosity have a significant impact on CO_(2)adsorption amount and shale oil recovery factor,respectively.(3)High production pressure is essential for maximizing carbon storage capacity.Simultaneously,increasing injection pressure can effectively enhance carbon storage and shale oil recovery.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a respiratory condition characterized by several symptoms.The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and involves multiple factors.A fantastic drug from traditional Chinese medic...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a respiratory condition characterized by several symptoms.The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and involves multiple factors.A fantastic drug from traditional Chinese medicine,Isodon Suzhouensis(ISZ)is a perennial herb belonging to the Labiaceae family.It has the functions of resolving phlegm,removing stasis,promoting blood circulation and eliminating qi stagnation.ISZ has been found to possess great potential against COPD.Present study is focused on identifying micro RNA(mi RNA)biomarkers for COPD and determining the role of ISZ leaf extract in regulating the disease through mi RNA expression in serum exosomes.The Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into control group,COPD group and COPD+ISZ group.After the establishment of the model,the rats were sacrificed,and the results were compared with the control group.Then the total RNA of rat serum was extracted and identified by nanoparticle tracker.Finally,high-throughput screening and sequencing were performed to screen mi RNAs with significant differential expression.Then,different databases were used to figure out the possible target genes,and their functions were assessed by employing Gene Ontology(GO)as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses.The sequencing results were then further verified by q RT-PCR.The results pointed out that these 17 differentially expressed mi RNAs may have the potential of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers against COPD.Interestingly,it was also found that ISZ leaf extract may regulate the occurrence of COPD by affecting the expression of mi RNAs.This study identified the biomarkers of COPD and clarified the mechanism of the treatment of COPD by ISZ leaf extract,which is helpful to improve the level of early diagnosis and treatment of COPD.展开更多
Glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS)stands as the most effective intervention for reducing intraocular pressure,a critical component in glaucoma management.Despite its pivotal role,the scarring of the filtration bleb rema...Glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS)stands as the most effective intervention for reducing intraocular pressure,a critical component in glaucoma management.Despite its pivotal role,the scarring of the filtration bleb remains the primary impediment to successful GFS outcomes.Perioperative utilization of antimitotics,while frontline in combating fibrosis and modulating the wound healing process,carries the risk of vision-threatening complications.Given the complexity of the wound healing cascade and the potential insufficiency of targeting a single molecule,there is an imperative to expand therapeutic modalities through combination therapies.This review offers a comprehensive elucidation of the fibrogenesis post-GFS,a synthesis unprecedented in the available literature,and aims to inform the broadening of therapeutic strategies for GFS.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the quantum coherence extraction between two accelerating Unruh-DeWitt detectors,coupling to a scalar field in(3+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime.We find that quantum coherence as a nonc...In this paper,we investigate the quantum coherence extraction between two accelerating Unruh-DeWitt detectors,coupling to a scalar field in(3+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime.We find that quantum coherence as a nonclassical correlation can be generated through the Markovian evolution of the detector system,just like quantum entanglement.However,with growing Unruh temperature,in contrast to monotonously degrading entanglement,we find that quantum coherence exhibits a striking revival phenomenon.For certain detectors'initial state choices,the coherence measure will reduce to zero at first and then grow to an asymptotic value.We verify such coherence revival by inspecting its metrological advantage on the quantum Fisher information(QFI)enhancement.Since the maximal QFI bounds the accuracy of quantum parameter estimation,we conclude that the extracted coherence can be utilized as a physical resource in quantum metrology.展开更多
Face Presentation Attack Detection(fPAD)plays a vital role in securing face recognition systems against various presentation attacks.While supervised learning-based methods demonstrate effectiveness,they are prone to ...Face Presentation Attack Detection(fPAD)plays a vital role in securing face recognition systems against various presentation attacks.While supervised learning-based methods demonstrate effectiveness,they are prone to overfitting to known attack types and struggle to generalize to novel attack scenarios.Recent studies have explored formulating fPAD as an anomaly detection problem or one-class classification task,enabling the training of generalized models for unknown attack detection.However,conventional anomaly detection approaches encounter difficulties in precisely delineating the boundary between bonafide samples and unknown attacks.To address this challenge,we propose a novel framework focusing on unknown attack detection using exclusively bonafide facial data during training.The core innovation lies in our pseudo-negative sample synthesis(PNSS)strategy,which facilitates learning of compact decision boundaries between bonafide faces and potential attack variations.Specifically,PNSS generates synthetic negative samples within low-likelihood regions of the bonafide feature space to represent diverse unknown attack patterns.To overcome the inherent imbalance between positive and synthetic negative samples during iterative training,we implement a dual-loss mechanism combining focal loss for classification optimization with pairwise confusion loss as a regularizer.This architecture effectively mitigates model bias towards bonafide samples while maintaining discriminative power.Comprehensive evaluations across three benchmark datasets validate the framework’s superior performance.Notably,our PNSS achieves 8%–18% average classification error rate(ACER)reduction compared with state-of-the-art one-class fPAD methods in cross-dataset evaluations on Idiap Replay-Attack and MSU-MFSD datasets.展开更多
Coal catalytic hydrogasification(CCHG)is a straightforward approach for producing CH_(4),which shows advantages over the mature coal-to-CH_(4) technologies from the perspectives of CH_(4) yield,thermal efficiency,and ...Coal catalytic hydrogasification(CCHG)is a straightforward approach for producing CH_(4),which shows advantages over the mature coal-to-CH_(4) technologies from the perspectives of CH_(4) yield,thermal efficiency,and CO_(2) emission.The core of CCHG is to make carbon in coal convert into CH_(4) efficiently with a catalyst.In the past decades,intensive research has been devoted to catalytic hydrogasification of model carbon(pitch coke,activated carbon,coal char).However,the chemical process of CCHG is still not well understood because the coal structure is more complicated,and CCHG is a combination of coal catalytic hydropyrolysis and coal char catalytic hydrogasification.This review seeks to shed light on the catalytic process of raw coal during CCHG.The configuration of suitable catalysts,operating conditions,and feedstocks for tailoring CH_(4) formation were identified,and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated.Based on these results,the CCHG process was evaluated,emphasizing pollutant emissions,energy efficiency,and reactor design.Furthermore,the opportunities and strategic approaches for CCHG under the restraint of carbon neutrality were highlighted by considering the penetration of“green”H2,biomass,and CO_(2) into CCHG.Preliminary investigations from our laboratories demonstrated that the integrated CCHG and biomass/CO_(2) hydrogenation process could perform as an emerging pathway for boosting CH_(4) production by consuming fewer fossil fuels,fulfilling the context of green manufacturing.This work not only provides systematic knowledge of CCHG but also helps to guide the efficient hydrogenation of other carbonaceous resources such as biomass,CO_(2),and coal-derived wastes.展开更多
Esophageal disease is a common disorder of the digestive system that can severely affect the quality of life andprognosis of patients. Esophageal stenting is an effective treatment that has been widely used in clinica...Esophageal disease is a common disorder of the digestive system that can severely affect the quality of life andprognosis of patients. Esophageal stenting is an effective treatment that has been widely used in clinical practice.However, esophageal stents of different types and parameters have varying adaptability and effectiveness forpatients, and they need to be individually selected according to the patient’s specific situation. The purposeof this study was to provide a reference for clinical doctors to choose suitable esophageal stents. We used 3Dprinting technology to fabricate esophageal stents with different ratios of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/(Poly-ε-caprolactone) PCL polymer, and established an artificial neural network model that could predict the radial forceof esophageal stents based on the content of TPU, PCL and print parameter. We selected three optimal ratios formechanical performance tests and evaluated the biomechanical effects of different ratios of stents on esophagealimplantation, swallowing, and stent migration processes through finite element numerical simulation and in vitrosimulation tests. The results showed that different ratios of polymer stents had different mechanical properties,affecting the effectiveness of stent expansion treatment and the possibility of postoperative complications of stentimplantation.展开更多
The elastic adhesive contact of self-affine fractal rough surfaces against a rigid flat is simulated using the finite element method. An array of nonlinear springs, of which the force-separation law obeys the Lennard...The elastic adhesive contact of self-affine fractal rough surfaces against a rigid flat is simulated using the finite element method. An array of nonlinear springs, of which the force-separation law obeys the Lennard–Jones potential, is introduced to account for the interfacial adhesion. For fractal rough surfaces, the interfacial interaction is generally attractive for large mean gaps, but turns repulsive as the gap continuously shrinks. The interfacial interactions at the turning point corresponding to the spontaneous contact are shown for various surfaces. For relatively smooth surfaces, the probability density distributions of repulsion and attraction are nearly symmetric. However, for rougher surfaces, the simulation results suggest a uniform distribution for attraction but a monotonously decreasing distribution with a long tail for repulsion. The pull-off force rises with increasing ratio of the work of adhesion to the equilibrium distance, whereas decreases for solids with a higher elastic modulus and a larger surface roughness. The current study will be helpful for understanding the adhesion of various types of rough solids.展开更多
Commercial available zero valent aluminum under air-equilibrated acidic conditions（ZVAl/H＋/air system） demonstrated an excellent capacity to remove aqueous organic compounds.Acetaminophen（ACTM）,the active ingredi...Commercial available zero valent aluminum under air-equilibrated acidic conditions（ZVAl/H＋/air system） demonstrated an excellent capacity to remove aqueous organic compounds.Acetaminophen（ACTM）,the active ingredient of the over-the-counter drug Tylenol？,is widely present in the aquatic environment and therefore the treatment of ACTM-contaminated water calls for further research.Herein we investigated the oxidative removal of ACTM by ZVAl/H＋/air system and the reaction mechanism.In acidic solutions（pH 3.5）,ZVAl displayed an excellent capacity to remove ACTM.More than 99% of ACTM was eliminated within 16 hr in pH 1.5 reaction solutions initially containing 2.0 g/L aluminum and 2.0 mg/L ACTM at 25 ± 1℃.Higher temperature and lower pH facilitated ACTM removal.The addition of different iron species Fe0,Fe2＋ and Fe3＋ into ZVAl/H＋/air system dramatically accelerated the reaction likely due to the enhancing transformation of H2O2 to HO.via Fenton＇s reaction.Furthermore,the primary intermediate hydroquinone and the anions formate,acetate and nitrate,were identified and a possible reaction scheme was proposed.This work suggested that ZVAl/H＋/air system may be potentially employed to treat ACTM-contaminated water.展开更多
To improve the performance of battery cathode materials that consist of carbonaceous organic material, carbon coatings on lithium iron phosphate （LiFePO4/C） materials were synthesized by different carbon sources. Li...To improve the performance of battery cathode materials that consist of carbonaceous organic material, carbon coatings on lithium iron phosphate （LiFePO4/C） materials were synthesized by different carbon sources. LiFePO4/C was synthesized by a combination method of sol-gel and gas-phase diffused permeation. LiFeO4/C materials were prepared by coating different carbon con- tents. High-performance composite materials were pre- pared by combining carbon with element doped by two modified methods. The elements of Fe and C came from Fe3＋ and sucrose, glucose, citric acid. Thermogravimetry- differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA）, X-ray diffrac- tometer （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, cycle voltammetry （CV）, and charge-discharge test were used to characterize and test the surface morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance. The results show that LiFePO4/C synthesized with sucrose has higher specific discharge capacity than the other materials. The specific discharge capacity of this material is 84.27 mAh.g-1. The capacity retention could attain 94 % of the initial discharge capacity after 30 cycles, showing good electrochemical performance.展开更多
The polysulfides shuttle effect represents a great challenge in achieving high capacity and long lifespan of lithium/sulfur(Li/S)cells.A comprehensive understanding of the shuttle-related sulfur speciation and diffusi...The polysulfides shuttle effect represents a great challenge in achieving high capacity and long lifespan of lithium/sulfur(Li/S)cells.A comprehensive understanding of the shuttle-related sulfur speciation and diffusion process is vital for addressing this issue.Herein,we employed in situ/operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)to trace the migration of polysulfides across the Li/S cells by precisely monitoring the sulfur chemical speciation at the cathodic electrolyte-separator and electrolyte-anode interfaces,respectively,in a real-time condition.After we adopted a shuttle-suppressing strategy by introducing an electrocatalytic layer of twinborn bismuth sulfide/bismuth oxide nanoclusters in a carbon matrix(BSOC),we found the Li/S cell showed greatly improved sulfur utilization and longer life span.The operando S Kedge XAS results revealed that the BSOC modification was bi-functional:trapping polysulfides and catalyzing conversion of sulfur species simultaneously.We elucidated that the polysulfide trapping-and-catalyzing effect of the BSOC electrocatalytic layer resulted in an effective lithium anode protection.Our results could offer potential stratagem for designing more advanced Li/S cells.展开更多
Projectile size effect is of great importance since the scaling researches are extensively applied to concrete penetration investigations. This paper numerically deals with the projectile size effect on penetration re...Projectile size effect is of great importance since the scaling researches are extensively applied to concrete penetration investigations. This paper numerically deals with the projectile size effect on penetration resistance via the recently developed Lattice Discrete Particles Model(LDPM) which is featured with mesoscale constitutive laws governing the interaction between adjacent particles to account for cohesive fracture, strain hardening in compression and compaction due to pore collapse. Simulations of two different penetration tests are carried to shed some light on the size effect issue. The penetration numerical model is validated by matching the projectile deceleration curve of and predicting the depth of penetration(DOP). By constant velocity penetration simulations, the target resistance is found to be dependent on the projectile size. By best fitting numerical results of constant velocity penetration, a size effect law for target resistance is proposed and validated against literature data. Moreover, the size effect is numerically obtained in the projectile with longer extended nose part meanwhile the shorter extended nose is found to improve the DOP since the projectile nose is sharpened.展开更多
The development of chemoresistance which results in a poor prognosis often renders current treatments for colorectal cancer(CRC).In this study,we identified reduced microvessel density(MVD)and vascular immaturity resu...The development of chemoresistance which results in a poor prognosis often renders current treatments for colorectal cancer(CRC).In this study,we identified reduced microvessel density(MVD)and vascular immaturity resulting from endothelial apoptosis as therapeutic targets for overcoming chemoresistance.We focused on the effect of metformin on MVD,vascular maturity,and endothelial apoptosis of CRCs with a non-angiogenic phenotype,and further investigated its effect in overcoming chemoresistance.In situ transplanted cancer models were established to compare MVD,endothelial apoptosis and vascular maturity,and function in tumors from metformin-and vehicle-treated mice.An in vitro co-culture system was used to observe the effects of metformin on tumor cell-induced endothelial apoptosis.Transcriptome sequencing was performed for genetic screening.Non-angiogenic CRC developed independently of angiogenesis and was characterized by vascular leakage,immaturity,reduced MVD,and non-hypoxia.This phenomenon had also been observed in human CRC.Furthermore,non-angiogenic CRCs showed a worse response to chemotherapeutic drugs in vivo than in vitro.By suppressing endothelial apoptosis,metformin sensitized non-angiogenic CRCs to chemo-drugs via elevation of MVD and improvement of vascular maturity.Further results showed that endothelial apoptosis was induced by tumor cells via activation of caspase signaling,which was abrogated by metformin administration.These findings provide pre-clinical evidence for the involvement of endothelial apoptosis and subsequent vascular immaturity in the chemoresistance of non-angiogenic CRC.By suppressing endothelial apoptosis,metformin restores vascular maturity and function and sensitizes CRC to chemotherapeutic drugs via a vascular mechanism.展开更多
In this study,Fe3 O4@SiO2@ZnO:La microspheres were successfully prepared.The microspheres have the advantages of both ZnO doped with La and the Fe3 O4@SiO2 structure such that the former improves the photocatalytic ac...In this study,Fe3 O4@SiO2@ZnO:La microspheres were successfully prepared.The microspheres have the advantages of both ZnO doped with La and the Fe3 O4@SiO2 structure such that the former improves the photocatalytic activity of ZnO and the latter can be reused.The X-ray diffraction(XRD),a field emission scanning electron microscope(SEM),a field emission transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)were used to characterize Fe3 O4@SiO2@ZnO:La microspheres.Methyl orange was used as the model molecule to study the effect of the Zn2+concentration and the doping amount of La on the photocatalytic activity of Fe3 O4@SiO2@ZnO:La microspheres.Results show that in the synthesis of Fe3 O4@SiO2@ZnO:La microspheres,photocatalytic activity of the microspheres is enhanced first and weakened later with the increase of Zn2+concentration.In the La doping process,the photocatalytic activity of Fe3 O4@SiO2@ZnO:La microspheres is enhanced with the increase in the La doping amount.The magnetic photocatalysts not only have high photocatalytic activity,but also can be reused.After being reused five times,the photocatalyst’s degradation rate of methyl orange is still as high as 81%,which shows that magnetic photocatalysts have prospective wider applications in photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater.展开更多
A flow injection irreversible biamperometric method for the determination of chlorogenic acid is described. The proposed method is based on the electrochemical oxidation of chlorogenic acid at pretreated platinum elec...A flow injection irreversible biamperometric method for the determination of chlorogenic acid is described. The proposed method is based on the electrochemical oxidation of chlorogenic acid at pretreated platinum electrode and the reduction of permanganate at another electrode to form an irreversible biamperometric detection system. Under the external potential difference （z^v） of 0 V, in the 0.05 mol/L sulfuric acid, chlorogenic acid can be determined over the range 0.8-120 mg/L with a sample measurement frequency of 80 samples/h. The detection limit is 0.18 mg/L. The proposed method exhibits the satisfactory reproducibility with a relative standard derivation （R.S.D.） of 2.21% for 19 successive determinations of 40 mg/L.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research Institutes(PWD&RPP-MRI,JYY2023-6)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ20231002543).
文摘Background:Dry eye disease(DED)predominantly results from elevated tear film os-molarity,which can not only cause ocular inconvenience but may lead to visual impair-ments,severely compromising patient well-being and exerting substantial economic burdens as well.Astaxanthin(AST),a member of the xanthophylls and recognized for its robust abilities to combat inflammation and oxidation,is a common dietary sup-plement.Nonetheless,the precise molecular pathways through which AST influences DED are still poorly understood.Methods:Therapeutic targets for AST were identified using data from the GeneCards,PharmMapper,and Swiss Target Prediction databases,and STITCH datasets.Similarly,targets for dry eye disease(DED)were delineated leveraging resources such as the Therapeutic Target Database(TTD),DisGeNET,GeneCards,and OMIM databases,and DrugBank datasets.Interactions among shared targets were charted and dis-played using CytoScape 3.9.0.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were conducted to elucidate the functions of pivotal tar-gets within the protein-protein interaction network.Molecular interactions between AST and key targets were confirmed through molecular docking using AutoDock and PyMOL.Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using GROMACS 2022.3.Viability of human corneal epithelial cells(hCEC)was assessed across varying concen-trations of AST.A mouse model of experimental DED was developed using 0.1%ben-zalkonium chloride(BAC),and the animals were administered 100 mg/kg/day of AST orally for 7 days.The efficacy of the treatments was assessed through a series of di-agnostic tests to evaluate the condition of the ocular surface after the interventions.The levels of inflammation and oxidative stress were quantitatively assessed using methods such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blot,and immunofluorescence staining.Results:Network pharmacology suggests that AST may alleviate DED by influenc-ing oxidation-reduction signaling pathways and reducing oxidative stress provoked by BAC.In vivo experiments demonstrated an improved overall condition in AST-administered mice in contrast to the control group.Immunofluorescence staining analyses indicated a decrease in Keap1 protein in the corneal tissues of AST-treated mice and a significant increase in Nrf2 and HO-1 protein.In vitro studies demon-strated that AST significantly enhanced cell viability and suppressed reactive oxy-gen species expression under hyperosmotic(HS)conditions,thereby protecting the human corneal epithelium.Conclusion:AST is capable of shielding mice from BAC-induced DED,decelerating the progression of DED,and mitigating oxidative stress damage under HS conditions in hCEC cells.The protective impact of AST on DED may operate through stimulating the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.Our research findings indicate that AST may be a promising treatment for DED,offering new insights into DED treatment.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20596).
文摘CO_(2)injection in shale oil reservoirs has emerged as a promising technique for simultaneously achieving CO_(2)geological storage and enhancing shale oil recovery.This study investigates the potential of CO_(2)injection into shale oil reservoirs with natural fractures for carbon storage and enhanced oil recovery through a combination of experimental and numerical simulations.It focuses on the synergistic effects on carbon storage capacity and oil recovery efficiency.A series of CO_(2)injection experiments using online NMR T_(2)and stratified T_(2)technology were conducted to validate the feasibility of carbon storage and oil recovery in shale oil reservoirs.The shale samples consist of three distinct pore space systems:kerogen,inorganic matrix,and shale bedding fractures.A coupled multiscale-multiphase simulation model was developed to facilitate a comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanisms.In the model,kerogen,inorganic matrix,and shale bedding fractures are defined as triple-continuum media.The model integrates the mechanisms of molecular diffusion,adsorption,and viscous flow to accurately represent the mass transport processes during CO_(2)injection in shale oil reservoirs.Within this framework,a series of mass transport partial differential equations were derived to describe the CO_(2)injection process.The finite element method was used to numerically solve these equations,and the proposed model was validated against experimental results.Sensitivity analyses yielded the following results:(1)The shale bedding fractures are not only key reservoir spaces for shale oil but also the key mass transfer channels for shale oil and CO_(2)during CO_(2)injection.Increasing the permeability of the shale bedding fractures can significantly improve oil recovery efficiency and CO_(2)adsorption amount.(2)The kerogen content and organic porosity have a significant impact on CO_(2)adsorption amount and shale oil recovery factor,respectively.(3)High production pressure is essential for maximizing carbon storage capacity.Simultaneously,increasing injection pressure can effectively enhance carbon storage and shale oil recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170481,82570069)Anhui Natural Science Foundation(2008085J39 and 2108085MH314)+1 种基金Anhui Province Innovation Team of Authentic Medicinal Materials Development and High Value Utilization(2022AH010080)Suzhou University Joint Cultivation Postgraduate Research Innovation Fund Project(2023KYCX04)。
文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a respiratory condition characterized by several symptoms.The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and involves multiple factors.A fantastic drug from traditional Chinese medicine,Isodon Suzhouensis(ISZ)is a perennial herb belonging to the Labiaceae family.It has the functions of resolving phlegm,removing stasis,promoting blood circulation and eliminating qi stagnation.ISZ has been found to possess great potential against COPD.Present study is focused on identifying micro RNA(mi RNA)biomarkers for COPD and determining the role of ISZ leaf extract in regulating the disease through mi RNA expression in serum exosomes.The Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into control group,COPD group and COPD+ISZ group.After the establishment of the model,the rats were sacrificed,and the results were compared with the control group.Then the total RNA of rat serum was extracted and identified by nanoparticle tracker.Finally,high-throughput screening and sequencing were performed to screen mi RNAs with significant differential expression.Then,different databases were used to figure out the possible target genes,and their functions were assessed by employing Gene Ontology(GO)as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses.The sequencing results were then further verified by q RT-PCR.The results pointed out that these 17 differentially expressed mi RNAs may have the potential of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers against COPD.Interestingly,it was also found that ISZ leaf extract may regulate the occurrence of COPD by affecting the expression of mi RNAs.This study identified the biomarkers of COPD and clarified the mechanism of the treatment of COPD by ISZ leaf extract,which is helpful to improve the level of early diagnosis and treatment of COPD.
基金Supported by Hospital Level Project of the Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.GSP5-40)Internal Project of the Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.1011632).
文摘Glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS)stands as the most effective intervention for reducing intraocular pressure,a critical component in glaucoma management.Despite its pivotal role,the scarring of the filtration bleb remains the primary impediment to successful GFS outcomes.Perioperative utilization of antimitotics,while frontline in combating fibrosis and modulating the wound healing process,carries the risk of vision-threatening complications.Given the complexity of the wound healing cascade and the potential insufficiency of targeting a single molecule,there is an imperative to expand therapeutic modalities through combination therapies.This review offers a comprehensive elucidation of the fibrogenesis post-GFS,a synthesis unprecedented in the available literature,and aims to inform the broadening of therapeutic strategies for GFS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12075178,12475061)Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(No.23JSY006)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302400)。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the quantum coherence extraction between two accelerating Unruh-DeWitt detectors,coupling to a scalar field in(3+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime.We find that quantum coherence as a nonclassical correlation can be generated through the Markovian evolution of the detector system,just like quantum entanglement.However,with growing Unruh temperature,in contrast to monotonously degrading entanglement,we find that quantum coherence exhibits a striking revival phenomenon.For certain detectors'initial state choices,the coherence measure will reduce to zero at first and then grow to an asymptotic value.We verify such coherence revival by inspecting its metrological advantage on the quantum Fisher information(QFI)enhancement.Since the maximal QFI bounds the accuracy of quantum parameter estimation,we conclude that the extracted coherence can be utilized as a physical resource in quantum metrology.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61972267,and 61772070in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant F2024210005.
文摘Face Presentation Attack Detection(fPAD)plays a vital role in securing face recognition systems against various presentation attacks.While supervised learning-based methods demonstrate effectiveness,they are prone to overfitting to known attack types and struggle to generalize to novel attack scenarios.Recent studies have explored formulating fPAD as an anomaly detection problem or one-class classification task,enabling the training of generalized models for unknown attack detection.However,conventional anomaly detection approaches encounter difficulties in precisely delineating the boundary between bonafide samples and unknown attacks.To address this challenge,we propose a novel framework focusing on unknown attack detection using exclusively bonafide facial data during training.The core innovation lies in our pseudo-negative sample synthesis(PNSS)strategy,which facilitates learning of compact decision boundaries between bonafide faces and potential attack variations.Specifically,PNSS generates synthetic negative samples within low-likelihood regions of the bonafide feature space to represent diverse unknown attack patterns.To overcome the inherent imbalance between positive and synthetic negative samples during iterative training,we implement a dual-loss mechanism combining focal loss for classification optimization with pairwise confusion loss as a regularizer.This architecture effectively mitigates model bias towards bonafide samples while maintaining discriminative power.Comprehensive evaluations across three benchmark datasets validate the framework’s superior performance.Notably,our PNSS achieves 8%–18% average classification error rate(ACER)reduction compared with state-of-the-art one-class fPAD methods in cross-dataset evaluations on Idiap Replay-Attack and MSU-MFSD datasets.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308170)A Project Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y202250270)+2 种基金Key research and development project of Shanxi Province(202102090301029)Scientific Research Incubation Program of Ningbo University of Technology(2022TS12)Scientific Research Project Funded by Ningbo University of Technology(2022KQ04).
文摘Coal catalytic hydrogasification(CCHG)is a straightforward approach for producing CH_(4),which shows advantages over the mature coal-to-CH_(4) technologies from the perspectives of CH_(4) yield,thermal efficiency,and CO_(2) emission.The core of CCHG is to make carbon in coal convert into CH_(4) efficiently with a catalyst.In the past decades,intensive research has been devoted to catalytic hydrogasification of model carbon(pitch coke,activated carbon,coal char).However,the chemical process of CCHG is still not well understood because the coal structure is more complicated,and CCHG is a combination of coal catalytic hydropyrolysis and coal char catalytic hydrogasification.This review seeks to shed light on the catalytic process of raw coal during CCHG.The configuration of suitable catalysts,operating conditions,and feedstocks for tailoring CH_(4) formation were identified,and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated.Based on these results,the CCHG process was evaluated,emphasizing pollutant emissions,energy efficiency,and reactor design.Furthermore,the opportunities and strategic approaches for CCHG under the restraint of carbon neutrality were highlighted by considering the penetration of“green”H2,biomass,and CO_(2) into CCHG.Preliminary investigations from our laboratories demonstrated that the integrated CCHG and biomass/CO_(2) hydrogenation process could perform as an emerging pathway for boosting CH_(4) production by consuming fewer fossil fuels,fulfilling the context of green manufacturing.This work not only provides systematic knowledge of CCHG but also helps to guide the efficient hydrogenation of other carbonaceous resources such as biomass,CO_(2),and coal-derived wastes.
基金Nanning Technology and Innovation Special Program(20204122)and Research Grant for 100 Talents of Guangxi Plan.
文摘Esophageal disease is a common disorder of the digestive system that can severely affect the quality of life andprognosis of patients. Esophageal stenting is an effective treatment that has been widely used in clinical practice.However, esophageal stents of different types and parameters have varying adaptability and effectiveness forpatients, and they need to be individually selected according to the patient’s specific situation. The purposeof this study was to provide a reference for clinical doctors to choose suitable esophageal stents. We used 3Dprinting technology to fabricate esophageal stents with different ratios of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/(Poly-ε-caprolactone) PCL polymer, and established an artificial neural network model that could predict the radial forceof esophageal stents based on the content of TPU, PCL and print parameter. We selected three optimal ratios formechanical performance tests and evaluated the biomechanical effects of different ratios of stents on esophagealimplantation, swallowing, and stent migration processes through finite element numerical simulation and in vitrosimulation tests. The results showed that different ratios of polymer stents had different mechanical properties,affecting the effectiveness of stent expansion treatment and the possibility of postoperative complications of stentimplantation.
基金supported by the OPPO Research Fund.The support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12372100 and 12302126)is acknowledged.
文摘The elastic adhesive contact of self-affine fractal rough surfaces against a rigid flat is simulated using the finite element method. An array of nonlinear springs, of which the force-separation law obeys the Lennard–Jones potential, is introduced to account for the interfacial adhesion. For fractal rough surfaces, the interfacial interaction is generally attractive for large mean gaps, but turns repulsive as the gap continuously shrinks. The interfacial interactions at the turning point corresponding to the spontaneous contact are shown for various surfaces. For relatively smooth surfaces, the probability density distributions of repulsion and attraction are nearly symmetric. However, for rougher surfaces, the simulation results suggest a uniform distribution for attraction but a monotonously decreasing distribution with a long tail for repulsion. The pull-off force rises with increasing ratio of the work of adhesion to the equilibrium distance, whereas decreases for solids with a higher elastic modulus and a larger surface roughness. The current study will be helpful for understanding the adhesion of various types of rough solids.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (No. 21077091,20837002)Qianjiang Talent Project of Zhejiang Province (No.2011R10075)
文摘Commercial available zero valent aluminum under air-equilibrated acidic conditions（ZVAl/H＋/air system） demonstrated an excellent capacity to remove aqueous organic compounds.Acetaminophen（ACTM）,the active ingredient of the over-the-counter drug Tylenol？,is widely present in the aquatic environment and therefore the treatment of ACTM-contaminated water calls for further research.Herein we investigated the oxidative removal of ACTM by ZVAl/H＋/air system and the reaction mechanism.In acidic solutions（pH 3.5）,ZVAl displayed an excellent capacity to remove ACTM.More than 99% of ACTM was eliminated within 16 hr in pH 1.5 reaction solutions initially containing 2.0 g/L aluminum and 2.0 mg/L ACTM at 25 ± 1℃.Higher temperature and lower pH facilitated ACTM removal.The addition of different iron species Fe0,Fe2＋ and Fe3＋ into ZVAl/H＋/air system dramatically accelerated the reaction likely due to the enhancing transformation of H2O2 to HO.via Fenton＇s reaction.Furthermore,the primary intermediate hydroquinone and the anions formate,acetate and nitrate,were identified and a possible reaction scheme was proposed.This work suggested that ZVAl/H＋/air system may be potentially employed to treat ACTM-contaminated water.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51274143)
文摘To improve the performance of battery cathode materials that consist of carbonaceous organic material, carbon coatings on lithium iron phosphate （LiFePO4/C） materials were synthesized by different carbon sources. LiFePO4/C was synthesized by a combination method of sol-gel and gas-phase diffused permeation. LiFeO4/C materials were prepared by coating different carbon con- tents. High-performance composite materials were pre- pared by combining carbon with element doped by two modified methods. The elements of Fe and C came from Fe3＋ and sucrose, glucose, citric acid. Thermogravimetry- differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA）, X-ray diffrac- tometer （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, cycle voltammetry （CV）, and charge-discharge test were used to characterize and test the surface morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance. The results show that LiFePO4/C synthesized with sucrose has higher specific discharge capacity than the other materials. The specific discharge capacity of this material is 84.27 mAh.g-1. The capacity retention could attain 94 % of the initial discharge capacity after 30 cycles, showing good electrochemical performance.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0100100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21433013,U1832218)the support from China Scholarship Council
文摘The polysulfides shuttle effect represents a great challenge in achieving high capacity and long lifespan of lithium/sulfur(Li/S)cells.A comprehensive understanding of the shuttle-related sulfur speciation and diffusion process is vital for addressing this issue.Herein,we employed in situ/operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)to trace the migration of polysulfides across the Li/S cells by precisely monitoring the sulfur chemical speciation at the cathodic electrolyte-separator and electrolyte-anode interfaces,respectively,in a real-time condition.After we adopted a shuttle-suppressing strategy by introducing an electrocatalytic layer of twinborn bismuth sulfide/bismuth oxide nanoclusters in a carbon matrix(BSOC),we found the Li/S cell showed greatly improved sulfur utilization and longer life span.The operando S Kedge XAS results revealed that the BSOC modification was bi-functional:trapping polysulfides and catalyzing conversion of sulfur species simultaneously.We elucidated that the polysulfide trapping-and-catalyzing effect of the BSOC electrocatalytic layer resulted in an effective lithium anode protection.Our results could offer potential stratagem for designing more advanced Li/S cells.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20170824)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 30917011343)
文摘Projectile size effect is of great importance since the scaling researches are extensively applied to concrete penetration investigations. This paper numerically deals with the projectile size effect on penetration resistance via the recently developed Lattice Discrete Particles Model(LDPM) which is featured with mesoscale constitutive laws governing the interaction between adjacent particles to account for cohesive fracture, strain hardening in compression and compaction due to pore collapse. Simulations of two different penetration tests are carried to shed some light on the size effect issue. The penetration numerical model is validated by matching the projectile deceleration curve of and predicting the depth of penetration(DOP). By constant velocity penetration simulations, the target resistance is found to be dependent on the projectile size. By best fitting numerical results of constant velocity penetration, a size effect law for target resistance is proposed and validated against literature data. Moreover, the size effect is numerically obtained in the projectile with longer extended nose part meanwhile the shorter extended nose is found to improve the DOP since the projectile nose is sharpened.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81972811)the Key Research and Development Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.:2018SF-099,S2021SF-136,2021JM-273,and 2022JQ-848)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.:xzy012022094)the Provincial Science and Technology Rising Star(Grant No.:2021KJXX-03).
文摘The development of chemoresistance which results in a poor prognosis often renders current treatments for colorectal cancer(CRC).In this study,we identified reduced microvessel density(MVD)and vascular immaturity resulting from endothelial apoptosis as therapeutic targets for overcoming chemoresistance.We focused on the effect of metformin on MVD,vascular maturity,and endothelial apoptosis of CRCs with a non-angiogenic phenotype,and further investigated its effect in overcoming chemoresistance.In situ transplanted cancer models were established to compare MVD,endothelial apoptosis and vascular maturity,and function in tumors from metformin-and vehicle-treated mice.An in vitro co-culture system was used to observe the effects of metformin on tumor cell-induced endothelial apoptosis.Transcriptome sequencing was performed for genetic screening.Non-angiogenic CRC developed independently of angiogenesis and was characterized by vascular leakage,immaturity,reduced MVD,and non-hypoxia.This phenomenon had also been observed in human CRC.Furthermore,non-angiogenic CRCs showed a worse response to chemotherapeutic drugs in vivo than in vitro.By suppressing endothelial apoptosis,metformin sensitized non-angiogenic CRCs to chemo-drugs via elevation of MVD and improvement of vascular maturity.Further results showed that endothelial apoptosis was induced by tumor cells via activation of caspase signaling,which was abrogated by metformin administration.These findings provide pre-clinical evidence for the involvement of endothelial apoptosis and subsequent vascular immaturity in the chemoresistance of non-angiogenic CRC.By suppressing endothelial apoptosis,metformin restores vascular maturity and function and sensitizes CRC to chemotherapeutic drugs via a vascular mechanism.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560466,20968005)。
文摘In this study,Fe3 O4@SiO2@ZnO:La microspheres were successfully prepared.The microspheres have the advantages of both ZnO doped with La and the Fe3 O4@SiO2 structure such that the former improves the photocatalytic activity of ZnO and the latter can be reused.The X-ray diffraction(XRD),a field emission scanning electron microscope(SEM),a field emission transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)were used to characterize Fe3 O4@SiO2@ZnO:La microspheres.Methyl orange was used as the model molecule to study the effect of the Zn2+concentration and the doping amount of La on the photocatalytic activity of Fe3 O4@SiO2@ZnO:La microspheres.Results show that in the synthesis of Fe3 O4@SiO2@ZnO:La microspheres,photocatalytic activity of the microspheres is enhanced first and weakened later with the increase of Zn2+concentration.In the La doping process,the photocatalytic activity of Fe3 O4@SiO2@ZnO:La microspheres is enhanced with the increase in the La doping amount.The magnetic photocatalysts not only have high photocatalytic activity,but also can be reused.After being reused five times,the photocatalyst’s degradation rate of methyl orange is still as high as 81%,which shows that magnetic photocatalysts have prospective wider applications in photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20665001） Guangxi Science Fund （No. 0640029） Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education （No. 2006105930502m33）.
文摘A flow injection irreversible biamperometric method for the determination of chlorogenic acid is described. The proposed method is based on the electrochemical oxidation of chlorogenic acid at pretreated platinum electrode and the reduction of permanganate at another electrode to form an irreversible biamperometric detection system. Under the external potential difference （z^v） of 0 V, in the 0.05 mol/L sulfuric acid, chlorogenic acid can be determined over the range 0.8-120 mg/L with a sample measurement frequency of 80 samples/h. The detection limit is 0.18 mg/L. The proposed method exhibits the satisfactory reproducibility with a relative standard derivation （R.S.D.） of 2.21% for 19 successive determinations of 40 mg/L.
