Myelination,the continuous ensheathment of neuronal axons,is a lifelong process in the nervous system that is essential for the precise,temporospatial conduction of action potentials between neurons.Myelin also provid...Myelination,the continuous ensheathment of neuronal axons,is a lifelong process in the nervous system that is essential for the precise,temporospatial conduction of action potentials between neurons.Myelin also provides intercellular metabolic support to axons.Even minor disruptions in the integrity of myelin can impair neural performance and increase susceptibility to neurological diseases.In fact,myelin degeneration is a well-known neuropathological condition that is associated with normal aging and several neurodegenerative diseases,including multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease.In the central nervous system,compact myelin sheaths are formed by fully mature oligodendrocytes.However,the entire oligodendrocyte lineage is susceptible to changes in the biological microenvironment and other risk factors that arise as the brain ages.In addition to their well-known role in action potential propagation,oligodendrocytes also provide intercellular metabolic support to axons by transferring energy metabolites and delivering exosomes.Therefore,myelin degeneration in the aging central nervous system is a significant contributor to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Interventions that mitigate age-related myelin degeneration can improve neurological function in aging individuals.In this review,we investigate the changes in myelin that are associated with aging and their underlying mechanisms.We also discuss recent advances in understanding how myelin degeneration in the aging brain contributes to neurodegenerative diseases and explore the factors that can prevent,slow down,or even reverse age-related myelin degeneration.Future research will enhance our understanding of how reducing age-related myelin degeneration can be used as a therapeutic target for delaying or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Micro-sized anatase TiO_(2) displays inferior capacity as cathode material for magnesium ion batteries because of the higher diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)in anatase TiO_(2) lattice.Herein,we report that nanosize...Micro-sized anatase TiO_(2) displays inferior capacity as cathode material for magnesium ion batteries because of the higher diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)in anatase TiO_(2) lattice.Herein,we report that nanosized anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet doubles the capacity compared to the micro-sized sample ascribed to the interfacial Mg^(2+)ion storage.First-principles calculations reveal that the diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is significantly lower than those in the bulk phase and on(100)facet,and the adsorption energy of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is also considerably lower than that on(100)facet,which guarantees superior interfacial Mg^(2+)storage of(001)facet.Moreover,anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet displays a significantly higher capacity of 312.9 mAh g^(−1) in Mg-Li dual-salt electrolyte compared to 234.3 mAh g^(−1) in Li salt electrolyte.The adsorption energies of Mg^(2+)on(001)facet are much lower than the adsorption energies of Li+on(001)facet,implying that the Mg^(2+)ion interfacial storage is more favorable.These results highlight that controlling the crystal facet of the nanocrystals effectively enhances the interfacial storage of multivalent ions.This work offers valuable guidance for the rational design of high-capacity storage systems.展开更多
10-kV 4 H–SiC p-channel insulated gate bipolar transistors(IGBTs)are designed,fabricated,and characterized in this paper.The IGBTs have an active area of 2.25 mm^(2)with a die size of 3 mm×3 mm.A step space modu...10-kV 4 H–SiC p-channel insulated gate bipolar transistors(IGBTs)are designed,fabricated,and characterized in this paper.The IGBTs have an active area of 2.25 mm^(2)with a die size of 3 mm×3 mm.A step space modulated junction termination extension(SSM-JTE)structure is introduced and fabricated to improve the blocking performance of the IGBTs.The SiC p-channel IGBTs with SSM-JTE termination exhibit a leakage current of only 50 nA at-10 kV.To improve the on-state characteristics of SiC IGBTs,the hexagonal cell(H-cell)structure is designed and compared with the conventional interdigital cell(I-cell)structure.At an on-state current of 50 A/cm^(2),the voltage drops of I-cell IGBT and H-cell IGBT are10.1 V and 8.3 V respectively.Meanwhile,on the assumption that the package power density is 300 W/cm^(2),the maximum permissible current densities of the I-cell IGBT and H-cell IGBT are determined to be 34.2 A/cm^(2)and 38.9 A/cm^(2)with forward voltage drops of 8.8 V and 7.8 V,respectively.The differential specific on-resistance of I-cell structure and H-cell structure IGBT are 72.36 m?·cm^(2)and 56.92 m?·cm^(2),respectively.These results demonstrate that H-cell structure silicon carbide IGBT with SSM-JTE is a promising candidate for high power applications.展开更多
A novel ZnCo_2O_4/Bi_2O_3 heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared, and the formation of the heterojunction was confirmed via HRTEM. Photocatalytic activity of as-prepared samples was evaluated through photodegradati...A novel ZnCo_2O_4/Bi_2O_3 heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared, and the formation of the heterojunction was confirmed via HRTEM. Photocatalytic activity of as-prepared samples was evaluated through photodegradation of malachite green(MG). The degradation results show that the as-prepared13% ZnCo_2O_4/Bi_2O_3 heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits higher activity than pure Bi_2O_3. The MG degradation rate for the as-prepared catalyst is as high as 94%. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the broad photoabsorption and low recombination rate of photogenerated electronhole pairs, which is driven by the photogene rated potential difference formed at the ZnCo_2O_4/Bi_2O_3 heterojunction interface.展开更多
Objectives: To identify the etiology and source after recognition of diarrhea outbreak is associated with drinking water in suburb of Chengdu. Methods: Both unmatched case control and retrospective cohort study were c...Objectives: To identify the etiology and source after recognition of diarrhea outbreak is associated with drinking water in suburb of Chengdu. Methods: Both unmatched case control and retrospective cohort study were conducted. 131 targets including 56 suspected patients were recruited for case control study, while 463 residents were selected for cohort study. Stool, water and environmental samples were collected for laboratory testing. Results: The proportion of case exposed to well water was 86% in case group compared with 51% in the controls during the epidemic period (OR = 6.14, P P P E. coli and Enterotoxigenic E. coli was positive in stool and river samples. Conclusions: This outbreak of diarrhea might be caused by several mixed opportunistic pathogens in well water contaminated from the river water.展开更多
To enhance the operational capacity and space utilization of baffle-drop shafts,this study improved the traditional baffle-drop shaft by expanding the wet-side space,incorporating large rotation-angle baffles,and inst...To enhance the operational capacity and space utilization of baffle-drop shafts,this study improved the traditional baffle-drop shaft by expanding the wet-side space,incorporating large rotation-angle baffles,and installing overflow holes in the dividing wall.A three-dimensional turbulent model was developed using ANSYS Fluent to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of both traditional and new baffle-drop shafts across various flow rates.The simulation results demonstrated that the new shaft design allowed for discharge from both the wet and dry sides,significantly improving operational capacity,with the dry side capable of handling 40%of the inlet flow.Compared to the traditional shaft,the new design reduced shaft wall pressures and decreased the mean and standard deviation of pressure on typical baffles by 21%and 63%,respectively,therefore enhancing structural safety.Additionally,the new shaft achieved a 2%-12%higher energy dissipation rate than the traditional shaft across different flow rates.This study offers valuable insights for the design and optimization of drop shafts in deep tunnel drainage systems.展开更多
Highly developed electronic information technology has undoubtedly resulted in numerous benefits to the military and public life.However,the resulting electromagnetic wave(EW)pollution cannot be ignored.Therefore,the ...Highly developed electronic information technology has undoubtedly resulted in numerous benefits to the military and public life.However,the resulting electromagnetic wave(EW)pollution cannot be ignored.Therefore,the application of highly efficient EW materials is becoming an important requirement.In this study,magnetic-dielectric heterointerface strategy was applied to construct absorbers with desirable electromagnetic wave properties.A novel CoO/Co nanoparticle anchored to N-doped mesoporous carbon(CoO/Co/N-CMK-3)composites was fabricated by facile precipitation reaction and the electromagnetic characteristics have been well optimized by adjusting pyrolysis temperature.The CoO/Co/N-CMK-3 yielded its highest performance at an annealing temperature of 800℃,with an extended effective absorption bandwidth of 5.83 GHz and unusually low minimum reflection loss of−63.82 dB,even at a thickness of just 1.8 mm and low filler loading(10%).For the excellent microwave absorption property,the advantages of the CoO/Co/N-CMK-3 can be summed up as follows.Firstly,the incorporation of heterointerfaces among N-CMK-3,CoO,and Co introduces abundant polarization centers,triggering various polarization effects and increasing dielectric losses.Secondly,the CoO/Co magnetic component introduced the strong magnetic loss and improved the impedance matching capability of CoO/Co/N-CMK-3.Thirdly,the extraordinary magnetic-dielectric behavior is supported by multiple magnetic coupling networks and enriched air-material heterointerfaces,boosted the magnetoelectric cooperative loss for further optimizing the electromagnetic dissipation and broadening the effective absorption frequency band.Moreover,the CST simulation results validate the impressive operational bandwidth and reflection loss characteristics of the obtained absorbers.This study demonstrates a novel heterointerface engineering strategy for designing lightweight,wide-band,and high-performance EW absorbers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hypernatremia represents a significant electrolyte imbalance associated with numerous adverse outcomes,particularly in cases of intensive care unit(ICU)-acquired hypernatremia(IAH).Nevertheless,its relevanc...BACKGROUND Hypernatremia represents a significant electrolyte imbalance associated with numerous adverse outcomes,particularly in cases of intensive care unit(ICU)-acquired hypernatremia(IAH).Nevertheless,its relevance in patients with septic shock remains uncertain.AIM To identify independent risk factors and their predictive efficacy for IAH to improve outcomes in patients with septic shock.METHODS In the present retrospective single-center study,a cohort of 157 septic shock patients with concurrent hypernatremia in the ICU at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,between August 1,2018,and May 31,2023,were analyzed.Patients were categorized based on the timing of hypernatremia occurrence into the IAH group(n=62),the non-IAH group(n=41),and the normonatremia group(n=54).RESULTS In the present study,there was a significant association between the high serum sodium concentrations,excessive persistent inflammation,immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome and chronic critical illness,while rapid recovery had an apparent association with normonatremia.Moreover,multivariable analyses revealed the following independent risk factors for IAH:Total urinary output over the preceding three days[odds ratio(OR)=1.09;95%CI:1.02–1.17;P=0.014],enteral nutrition(EN)sodium content of 500 mg(OR=2.93;95%CI:1.13–7.60;P=0.027),and EN sodium content of 670 mg(OR=6.19;95%CI:1.75–21.98;P=0.005)were positively correlated with the development of IAH.Notably,the area under the curve for total urinary output over the preceding three days was 0.800(95%CI:0.678–0.922,P=0.001).Furthermore,maximum serum sodium levels,the duration of hypernatremia,and varying sodium correction rates were significantly associated with 28-day in-hospital mortality in septic shock patients(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The present findings illustrate that elevated serum sodium level was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in septic shock patients in the ICU.It is highly recommended that hypernatremia be considered a potentially important prognostic indicator for the outcome of septic shock.展开更多
Surface chemistry plays a critical role in the fields of electrochemistry,heterogeneous catalysis,adsorption,etc.[1–4].The representative D-band center theory reported through Hammer and Nørskov in surface chemi...Surface chemistry plays a critical role in the fields of electrochemistry,heterogeneous catalysis,adsorption,etc.[1–4].The representative D-band center theory reported through Hammer and Nørskov in surface chemistry has been widely used in early studies to predict adsorption strength[5,6].Generally,the adsorption strength of active sites correlates inversely with the downward shift of the D-band center(εd)relative to the Fermi level,as lower-energy positioning increases anti-bonding orbital occupancy,weakening surface interactions(Fig.1(a)).展开更多
Osteoporosis is a prevalent metabolic bone disorder that develops when osteoclast-mediated bone resorption chronically exceeds osteoblast-driven bone formation.The molecular pathways that govern osteogenic dysfunction...Osteoporosis is a prevalent metabolic bone disorder that develops when osteoclast-mediated bone resorption chronically exceeds osteoblast-driven bone formation.The molecular pathways that govern osteogenic dysfunction and connect cellular metabolism to differentiation regulation remain poorly characterized.Here,we identify Sirtuin 5(Sirt5)as a pivotal osteogenic regulator through bioinformatic screening and functional validation in Sirt5-knockout mice.Mechanistically,Sirt5 governs mitochondrial homeostasis by desuccinylating Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 4(Slc25a4)at lysine 147(K147),as demonstrated by quantitative succinylome profiling and site-directed mutagenesis.This site-specific desuccinylation triggers Slc25a4 degradation,attenuating mitochondrial oxidative stress and promoting osteoblast differentiation.Crucially,Slc25a4-K147 succinylation drives osteoporosis progression,while Sirt5-mediated desuccinylation at this site confers protection.Our work reveals the Sirt5-Slc25a4-K147 axis as a novel regulatory mechanism coupling mitochondrial metabolism to bone homeostasis,offering a therapeutic target for osteoporosis intervention.展开更多
Introduction When the body is infected,pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins can enter the blood circulation and grow and proliferate in the blood,producing more toxins.These toxins and pathogens activate the bod...Introduction When the body is infected,pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins can enter the blood circulation and grow and proliferate in the blood,producing more toxins.These toxins and pathogens activate the body's immune system,leading to the release of a varieties of cytokines and inflammatory mediators,resulting in systemic inflammatory response syndrome[1].展开更多
To achieve selective leaching of ion adsorption rare earth,it is necessary to thoroughly reveal the differences in the adsorption mechanisms of aluminum and rare earth elements.In this study,we investigated the adsorp...To achieve selective leaching of ion adsorption rare earth,it is necessary to thoroughly reveal the differences in the adsorption mechanisms of aluminum and rare earth elements.In this study,we investigated the adsorption processes of Dy and Al on the surface of K–homoionic kaolinite using batch experiments and sequential chemical extractions.The results revealed that the adsorption of Dy and Al,as well as the desorption of K,followed the Langmuir model.The maximum ion-exchangeable capacity of Dy was higher(9.39 mmol.kg^(-1))than that of Al(6.30 mmol.kg^(-1)).The ion exchange stoichiometry ratios of Dy–K and Al–K derived from the Langmuir model were2.0 and 2.6.The analysis of X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS)and density functional theory(DFT)revealed that Dy and Al were adsorbed onto kaolinite as outer-sphere hydrated complexes via hydrogen bonds.Dy was adsorbed as[Dy(H_(2)O)_(10)]^(3+),and Al was adsorbed as[Al(OH)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(4)]^(+).In particular,the adsorption of Al resulted in protonation of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the kaolinite.Based on the above insights,the higher ion exchange stoichiometry ratios are attributed to closer adsorption distances(6.04 A for Dy and 3.69 A for Al)and lower adsorption energies(-223.72 kJ.mol^(-1)for Dy and-268.33 kJ.mol^(-1)for Al).The maximum ionexchangeable capacity is related to the change of the surface electrical properties of kaolinite.The zeta potential was increased to-7.3 mV as the protonation resulted from aluminum adsorption,while Dy adsorption had a minor effect,maintaining a value of-17.5 m V.展开更多
The Mg-4Y-3RE(WE43)magnesium alloy possesses significant advantages such as high specific strength,excellent shock absorption,strong electromagnetic shielding capabilities and recyclability.However,its close-packed he...The Mg-4Y-3RE(WE43)magnesium alloy possesses significant advantages such as high specific strength,excellent shock absorption,strong electromagnetic shielding capabilities and recyclability.However,its close-packed hexagonal structure leads to poor plasticity at room temperature,which limits its broader engineering applications.Therefore,superplastic forming at high temperatures is used to manufacture the components from this alloy.This study conducted tensile tests on hot-rolled WE43 rare-earth magnesium alloy with coarse grains at various temperatures and strain rates.The high-temperature superplastic properties were characterized,revealing the intrinsic mechanisms of thermal deformation behavior.The results indicate that the best superplasticity is achieved at 460℃.This is attributed to the smallest grain size,the weakest texture,and the relatively uniform distribution of the second phase at this temperature.The influence of strain rate on elongation at temperatures among 440℃∼500℃is not significant as the impact of strain rate is multifaceted.Meanwhile,the elongation can reach up to 367.7±3.7%at a strain rate of 0.01s^(−1),which exhibits the high strain rate superplasticity(HSRS).Under these conditions,the deformation of coarse-grained WE43 rare-earth magnesium alloy is controlled by grain boundary sliding(GBS)and solute drag dislocation creep.Furthermore,the GBS involves deformation coordination mechanisms such as grain boundary diffusion,lattice diffusion,dislocation climbing,and dynamic recrystallization accommodation mechanisms.展开更多
Prunus spinulosa(2n=4x=32)is an evergreen species of significantmedicinal usage and ecological value.However,the lacking of a high-quality genome of P.spinulosa has obstructed further exploration of its ecological stu...Prunus spinulosa(2n=4x=32)is an evergreen species of significantmedicinal usage and ecological value.However,the lacking of a high-quality genome of P.spinulosa has obstructed further exploration of its ecological study and phylogenetic relationship of Prunus.In this study,we present the first haplotype-resolved genome assembly of Prunus s.l.subgenus Laurocerasus,the tetraploid genome of P.spinulosa was phased into 32 pseudochromosomes with 4 haplotypes,the genome size of each haplotype ranged from 249.82 Mb to 259.69 Mb,and N50 fluctuatedfrom 31.35 Mb to 33.25 Mb,the protein-coding genes vary from 21,272 to 22,668.Different evaluation methods showed that the P.spinulosa genome assembly has high quality of completeness,continuity and accuracy.Being the firstcomplete genome of P.spinulosa,it provides a valuable genetic resource for the Prunus tetraploid species database and supports further functional genomic study of this species.展开更多
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,which is associated with high morbidity and mortality,is a main cause of unexpected myocardial injury after acute myocardial infarction.However,the underlying mech...BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,which is associated with high morbidity and mortality,is a main cause of unexpected myocardial injury after acute myocardial infarction.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Circular RNAs(circRNAs),which are formed from protein-coding genes,can sequester microRNAs or proteins,modulate transcription and interfere with splicing.Authoritative studies suggest that circRNAs may play an important role in myocardial I/R injury.AIM To explore the role and mechanism of circRNAs in myocardial I/R injury.METHODS We constructed a myocardial I/R injury model using ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,and evaluated the success of the validated model using triphenyltetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin-eosin staining.Then,left ventricular samples from different groups were selected for mRNA-sequence,and differential gene screening was performed on the obtained results.The differentially obtained mRNAs were divided into up-regulated and down-regulated according to their expression levels,and Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)functional enrichment analysis were performed,respectively.Then,the obtained circRNA and microRNA(miRNA)were paired for analysis,and the binding sites of miRNA and mRNA were virtual screened.Finally,the obtained circRNA,miRNA and mRNA were constructed by ceRNA mutual most useful network.RESULTS We used an RNA sequencing array to investigate the expression signatures of circRNAs in myocardial I/R injury using three samples from the I/R group and three samples from the sham group.A total of 142 upregulated and 121 downregulated circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed(fold change≥2,P<0.05).GO and KEGG functional analyses of these circRNAs were performed.GO analysis revealed that these circRNAs were involved mainly in cellular and intracellular processes.KEGG analysis demonstrated that 6 of the top 20 pathways were correlated with cell apoptosis.Furthermore,a circRNA-miRNA coexpression network and ceRNA network based on these genes were constructed,revealing that mmu-circ-0001452,mmu-circ-0001637,and mmu-circ-0000870 might be key regulators of myocardial I/R injury.CONCLUSION This research provides new insights into the mechanism of myocardial I/R,which mmu-circ-0001452,mmu-circ-0001637,and mmu-circ-0000870 are expected to be new therapeutic targets for myocardial I/R injury.展开更多
We present a comprehensive study of the CO_(2)-CO interaction potential using a 9-dimensional(9D)potential energy surface(PES)constructed with the fundamental invariant-neural networks(FINN)method.The PES was generate...We present a comprehensive study of the CO_(2)-CO interaction potential using a 9-dimensional(9D)potential energy surface(PES)constructed with the fundamental invariant-neural networks(FINN)method.The PES was generated from 65330 CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ ab initio data points,with counterpoise correction,applied to eliminate basis set superposition error(BSSE).We performed quasi-classical trajectory simulations using this PES to investigate the rotational energy transfer dynamics.Our results reveal complex energy transfer mechanisms,with significant rotational excitation and relaxation dependent on collision energy and initial rotational states.The 9D PES provides a more accurate representation of the CO_(2)-CO system,offering new insights into molecular dynamics and interaction mechanisms.展开更多
The Fe–Mn damping alloys possess considerable damping capacity,but their yield strength is rather low.The 800 MPa Fe–Mn alloy with expected damping capacity was designed by the combination of grain refinement and ε...The Fe–Mn damping alloys possess considerable damping capacity,but their yield strength is rather low.The 800 MPa Fe–Mn alloy with expected damping capacity was designed by the combination of grain refinement and ε-martensite introduction.The yield strength can be greatly raised to around 700 MPa by refining grain size from 88.4 to 1.8μm.Although there exist numerous stacking faults in the fine-grained alloy,the damping capacity is strongly deteriorated due to the suppression of thermally activated ε-martensite.We demonstrate that the stacking faults cannot provide effective contribution to damping capacity and hence introduce a considerable volume fraction of stress/strain-induced ε-martensite to raise damping sources,including ε-martensite and γ/ε interfaces,etc.,by a small pre-strain.From this,the damping capacity can be improved,and the yield strength can be further enhanced from nearly 700 MPa to around 800 MPa.Thus,the combination of high yield strength and good damping capacity is realized.展开更多
基金supported by grants from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2021A1515110801(to SW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301511(to SW)+1 种基金“Double First-Class”Construction Project of NPU,Nos.0515023GH0202320(to JC),0515023SH0201320(to JC)973 Program,No.2011CB504100(to JC).
文摘Myelination,the continuous ensheathment of neuronal axons,is a lifelong process in the nervous system that is essential for the precise,temporospatial conduction of action potentials between neurons.Myelin also provides intercellular metabolic support to axons.Even minor disruptions in the integrity of myelin can impair neural performance and increase susceptibility to neurological diseases.In fact,myelin degeneration is a well-known neuropathological condition that is associated with normal aging and several neurodegenerative diseases,including multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease.In the central nervous system,compact myelin sheaths are formed by fully mature oligodendrocytes.However,the entire oligodendrocyte lineage is susceptible to changes in the biological microenvironment and other risk factors that arise as the brain ages.In addition to their well-known role in action potential propagation,oligodendrocytes also provide intercellular metabolic support to axons by transferring energy metabolites and delivering exosomes.Therefore,myelin degeneration in the aging central nervous system is a significant contributor to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Interventions that mitigate age-related myelin degeneration can improve neurological function in aging individuals.In this review,we investigate the changes in myelin that are associated with aging and their underlying mechanisms.We also discuss recent advances in understanding how myelin degeneration in the aging brain contributes to neurodegenerative diseases and explore the factors that can prevent,slow down,or even reverse age-related myelin degeneration.Future research will enhance our understanding of how reducing age-related myelin degeneration can be used as a therapeutic target for delaying or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3809500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024CDJXY003)+1 种基金the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(cx2023087)The Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Project(No.2024TIAD-KPX0003).
文摘Micro-sized anatase TiO_(2) displays inferior capacity as cathode material for magnesium ion batteries because of the higher diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)in anatase TiO_(2) lattice.Herein,we report that nanosized anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet doubles the capacity compared to the micro-sized sample ascribed to the interfacial Mg^(2+)ion storage.First-principles calculations reveal that the diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is significantly lower than those in the bulk phase and on(100)facet,and the adsorption energy of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is also considerably lower than that on(100)facet,which guarantees superior interfacial Mg^(2+)storage of(001)facet.Moreover,anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet displays a significantly higher capacity of 312.9 mAh g^(−1) in Mg-Li dual-salt electrolyte compared to 234.3 mAh g^(−1) in Li salt electrolyte.The adsorption energies of Mg^(2+)on(001)facet are much lower than the adsorption energies of Li+on(001)facet,implying that the Mg^(2+)ion interfacial storage is more favorable.These results highlight that controlling the crystal facet of the nanocrystals effectively enhances the interfacial storage of multivalent ions.This work offers valuable guidance for the rational design of high-capacity storage systems.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB759600)the Science Challenge Project,China(Grant No.TZ2018003)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61474113,61574140,and 61804149)the Beijing NOVA Program,China(Grant Nos.2016071and Z181100006218121)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission Project,China(Grant No.Z161100002116018)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2012098)
文摘10-kV 4 H–SiC p-channel insulated gate bipolar transistors(IGBTs)are designed,fabricated,and characterized in this paper.The IGBTs have an active area of 2.25 mm^(2)with a die size of 3 mm×3 mm.A step space modulated junction termination extension(SSM-JTE)structure is introduced and fabricated to improve the blocking performance of the IGBTs.The SiC p-channel IGBTs with SSM-JTE termination exhibit a leakage current of only 50 nA at-10 kV.To improve the on-state characteristics of SiC IGBTs,the hexagonal cell(H-cell)structure is designed and compared with the conventional interdigital cell(I-cell)structure.At an on-state current of 50 A/cm^(2),the voltage drops of I-cell IGBT and H-cell IGBT are10.1 V and 8.3 V respectively.Meanwhile,on the assumption that the package power density is 300 W/cm^(2),the maximum permissible current densities of the I-cell IGBT and H-cell IGBT are determined to be 34.2 A/cm^(2)and 38.9 A/cm^(2)with forward voltage drops of 8.8 V and 7.8 V,respectively.The differential specific on-resistance of I-cell structure and H-cell structure IGBT are 72.36 m?·cm^(2)and 56.92 m?·cm^(2),respectively.These results demonstrate that H-cell structure silicon carbide IGBT with SSM-JTE is a promising candidate for high power applications.
基金financially supported by Jiana Foundation of Central South University(No.JNJJ201613)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51404306)
文摘A novel ZnCo_2O_4/Bi_2O_3 heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared, and the formation of the heterojunction was confirmed via HRTEM. Photocatalytic activity of as-prepared samples was evaluated through photodegradation of malachite green(MG). The degradation results show that the as-prepared13% ZnCo_2O_4/Bi_2O_3 heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits higher activity than pure Bi_2O_3. The MG degradation rate for the as-prepared catalyst is as high as 94%. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the broad photoabsorption and low recombination rate of photogenerated electronhole pairs, which is driven by the photogene rated potential difference formed at the ZnCo_2O_4/Bi_2O_3 heterojunction interface.
文摘Objectives: To identify the etiology and source after recognition of diarrhea outbreak is associated with drinking water in suburb of Chengdu. Methods: Both unmatched case control and retrospective cohort study were conducted. 131 targets including 56 suspected patients were recruited for case control study, while 463 residents were selected for cohort study. Stool, water and environmental samples were collected for laboratory testing. Results: The proportion of case exposed to well water was 86% in case group compared with 51% in the controls during the epidemic period (OR = 6.14, P P P E. coli and Enterotoxigenic E. coli was positive in stool and river samples. Conclusions: This outbreak of diarrhea might be caused by several mixed opportunistic pathogens in well water contaminated from the river water.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD1700802).
文摘To enhance the operational capacity and space utilization of baffle-drop shafts,this study improved the traditional baffle-drop shaft by expanding the wet-side space,incorporating large rotation-angle baffles,and installing overflow holes in the dividing wall.A three-dimensional turbulent model was developed using ANSYS Fluent to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of both traditional and new baffle-drop shafts across various flow rates.The simulation results demonstrated that the new shaft design allowed for discharge from both the wet and dry sides,significantly improving operational capacity,with the dry side capable of handling 40%of the inlet flow.Compared to the traditional shaft,the new design reduced shaft wall pressures and decreased the mean and standard deviation of pressure on typical baffles by 21%and 63%,respectively,therefore enhancing structural safety.Additionally,the new shaft achieved a 2%-12%higher energy dissipation rate than the traditional shaft across different flow rates.This study offers valuable insights for the design and optimization of drop shafts in deep tunnel drainage systems.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3807100 and 2022YFB3807101)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52025034)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22205182)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Re-search Foundation(No.2024A1515011516)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022M722594 and 2024T171710)financially supported by Innovation Team of Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars.
文摘Highly developed electronic information technology has undoubtedly resulted in numerous benefits to the military and public life.However,the resulting electromagnetic wave(EW)pollution cannot be ignored.Therefore,the application of highly efficient EW materials is becoming an important requirement.In this study,magnetic-dielectric heterointerface strategy was applied to construct absorbers with desirable electromagnetic wave properties.A novel CoO/Co nanoparticle anchored to N-doped mesoporous carbon(CoO/Co/N-CMK-3)composites was fabricated by facile precipitation reaction and the electromagnetic characteristics have been well optimized by adjusting pyrolysis temperature.The CoO/Co/N-CMK-3 yielded its highest performance at an annealing temperature of 800℃,with an extended effective absorption bandwidth of 5.83 GHz and unusually low minimum reflection loss of−63.82 dB,even at a thickness of just 1.8 mm and low filler loading(10%).For the excellent microwave absorption property,the advantages of the CoO/Co/N-CMK-3 can be summed up as follows.Firstly,the incorporation of heterointerfaces among N-CMK-3,CoO,and Co introduces abundant polarization centers,triggering various polarization effects and increasing dielectric losses.Secondly,the CoO/Co magnetic component introduced the strong magnetic loss and improved the impedance matching capability of CoO/Co/N-CMK-3.Thirdly,the extraordinary magnetic-dielectric behavior is supported by multiple magnetic coupling networks and enriched air-material heterointerfaces,boosted the magnetoelectric cooperative loss for further optimizing the electromagnetic dissipation and broadening the effective absorption frequency band.Moreover,the CST simulation results validate the impressive operational bandwidth and reflection loss characteristics of the obtained absorbers.This study demonstrates a novel heterointerface engineering strategy for designing lightweight,wide-band,and high-performance EW absorbers.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072130Key Medical Research Projects in Jiangsu Province,No.ZD2022021Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Anesthesiology,No.Szlcyxzxj202102。
文摘BACKGROUND Hypernatremia represents a significant electrolyte imbalance associated with numerous adverse outcomes,particularly in cases of intensive care unit(ICU)-acquired hypernatremia(IAH).Nevertheless,its relevance in patients with septic shock remains uncertain.AIM To identify independent risk factors and their predictive efficacy for IAH to improve outcomes in patients with septic shock.METHODS In the present retrospective single-center study,a cohort of 157 septic shock patients with concurrent hypernatremia in the ICU at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,between August 1,2018,and May 31,2023,were analyzed.Patients were categorized based on the timing of hypernatremia occurrence into the IAH group(n=62),the non-IAH group(n=41),and the normonatremia group(n=54).RESULTS In the present study,there was a significant association between the high serum sodium concentrations,excessive persistent inflammation,immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome and chronic critical illness,while rapid recovery had an apparent association with normonatremia.Moreover,multivariable analyses revealed the following independent risk factors for IAH:Total urinary output over the preceding three days[odds ratio(OR)=1.09;95%CI:1.02–1.17;P=0.014],enteral nutrition(EN)sodium content of 500 mg(OR=2.93;95%CI:1.13–7.60;P=0.027),and EN sodium content of 670 mg(OR=6.19;95%CI:1.75–21.98;P=0.005)were positively correlated with the development of IAH.Notably,the area under the curve for total urinary output over the preceding three days was 0.800(95%CI:0.678–0.922,P=0.001).Furthermore,maximum serum sodium levels,the duration of hypernatremia,and varying sodium correction rates were significantly associated with 28-day in-hospital mortality in septic shock patients(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The present findings illustrate that elevated serum sodium level was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in septic shock patients in the ICU.It is highly recommended that hypernatremia be considered a potentially important prognostic indicator for the outcome of septic shock.
文摘Surface chemistry plays a critical role in the fields of electrochemistry,heterogeneous catalysis,adsorption,etc.[1–4].The representative D-band center theory reported through Hammer and Nørskov in surface chemistry has been widely used in early studies to predict adsorption strength[5,6].Generally,the adsorption strength of active sites correlates inversely with the downward shift of the D-band center(εd)relative to the Fermi level,as lower-energy positioning increases anti-bonding orbital occupancy,weakening surface interactions(Fig.1(a)).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130027 and 81921002)。
文摘Osteoporosis is a prevalent metabolic bone disorder that develops when osteoclast-mediated bone resorption chronically exceeds osteoblast-driven bone formation.The molecular pathways that govern osteogenic dysfunction and connect cellular metabolism to differentiation regulation remain poorly characterized.Here,we identify Sirtuin 5(Sirt5)as a pivotal osteogenic regulator through bioinformatic screening and functional validation in Sirt5-knockout mice.Mechanistically,Sirt5 governs mitochondrial homeostasis by desuccinylating Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 4(Slc25a4)at lysine 147(K147),as demonstrated by quantitative succinylome profiling and site-directed mutagenesis.This site-specific desuccinylation triggers Slc25a4 degradation,attenuating mitochondrial oxidative stress and promoting osteoblast differentiation.Crucially,Slc25a4-K147 succinylation drives osteoporosis progression,while Sirt5-mediated desuccinylation at this site confers protection.Our work reveals the Sirt5-Slc25a4-K147 axis as a novel regulatory mechanism coupling mitochondrial metabolism to bone homeostasis,offering a therapeutic target for osteoporosis intervention.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022NSFSC1936)Doctoral Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of China West Normal University(412984).
文摘Introduction When the body is infected,pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins can enter the blood circulation and grow and proliferate in the blood,producing more toxins.These toxins and pathogens activate the body's immune system,leading to the release of a varieties of cytokines and inflammatory mediators,resulting in systemic inflammatory response syndrome[1].
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2902203)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi Province(No.Guike-AB22080056)+2 种基金Beijing Nova Program(No.20230484379)the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of GRINM(No.2022PD0102)the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(No.246Z4005G)。
文摘To achieve selective leaching of ion adsorption rare earth,it is necessary to thoroughly reveal the differences in the adsorption mechanisms of aluminum and rare earth elements.In this study,we investigated the adsorption processes of Dy and Al on the surface of K–homoionic kaolinite using batch experiments and sequential chemical extractions.The results revealed that the adsorption of Dy and Al,as well as the desorption of K,followed the Langmuir model.The maximum ion-exchangeable capacity of Dy was higher(9.39 mmol.kg^(-1))than that of Al(6.30 mmol.kg^(-1)).The ion exchange stoichiometry ratios of Dy–K and Al–K derived from the Langmuir model were2.0 and 2.6.The analysis of X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS)and density functional theory(DFT)revealed that Dy and Al were adsorbed onto kaolinite as outer-sphere hydrated complexes via hydrogen bonds.Dy was adsorbed as[Dy(H_(2)O)_(10)]^(3+),and Al was adsorbed as[Al(OH)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(4)]^(+).In particular,the adsorption of Al resulted in protonation of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the kaolinite.Based on the above insights,the higher ion exchange stoichiometry ratios are attributed to closer adsorption distances(6.04 A for Dy and 3.69 A for Al)and lower adsorption energies(-223.72 kJ.mol^(-1)for Dy and-268.33 kJ.mol^(-1)for Al).The maximum ionexchangeable capacity is related to the change of the surface electrical properties of kaolinite.The zeta potential was increased to-7.3 mV as the protonation resulted from aluminum adsorption,while Dy adsorption had a minor effect,maintaining a value of-17.5 m V.
基金The authors gratefully appreciate financial support by Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(No.22XD1421600).
文摘The Mg-4Y-3RE(WE43)magnesium alloy possesses significant advantages such as high specific strength,excellent shock absorption,strong electromagnetic shielding capabilities and recyclability.However,its close-packed hexagonal structure leads to poor plasticity at room temperature,which limits its broader engineering applications.Therefore,superplastic forming at high temperatures is used to manufacture the components from this alloy.This study conducted tensile tests on hot-rolled WE43 rare-earth magnesium alloy with coarse grains at various temperatures and strain rates.The high-temperature superplastic properties were characterized,revealing the intrinsic mechanisms of thermal deformation behavior.The results indicate that the best superplasticity is achieved at 460℃.This is attributed to the smallest grain size,the weakest texture,and the relatively uniform distribution of the second phase at this temperature.The influence of strain rate on elongation at temperatures among 440℃∼500℃is not significant as the impact of strain rate is multifaceted.Meanwhile,the elongation can reach up to 367.7±3.7%at a strain rate of 0.01s^(−1),which exhibits the high strain rate superplasticity(HSRS).Under these conditions,the deformation of coarse-grained WE43 rare-earth magnesium alloy is controlled by grain boundary sliding(GBS)and solute drag dislocation creep.Furthermore,the GBS involves deformation coordination mechanisms such as grain boundary diffusion,lattice diffusion,dislocation climbing,and dynamic recrystallization accommodation mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32570239)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2023C03138).
文摘Prunus spinulosa(2n=4x=32)is an evergreen species of significantmedicinal usage and ecological value.However,the lacking of a high-quality genome of P.spinulosa has obstructed further exploration of its ecological study and phylogenetic relationship of Prunus.In this study,we present the first haplotype-resolved genome assembly of Prunus s.l.subgenus Laurocerasus,the tetraploid genome of P.spinulosa was phased into 32 pseudochromosomes with 4 haplotypes,the genome size of each haplotype ranged from 249.82 Mb to 259.69 Mb,and N50 fluctuatedfrom 31.35 Mb to 33.25 Mb,the protein-coding genes vary from 21,272 to 22,668.Different evaluation methods showed that the P.spinulosa genome assembly has high quality of completeness,continuity and accuracy.Being the firstcomplete genome of P.spinulosa,it provides a valuable genetic resource for the Prunus tetraploid species database and supports further functional genomic study of this species.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.LQ23H020004The Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang province,No.2024KY983Basic Medical Health Technology Project of Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau,No.Y20210818 and No.Y20210140.
文摘BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,which is associated with high morbidity and mortality,is a main cause of unexpected myocardial injury after acute myocardial infarction.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Circular RNAs(circRNAs),which are formed from protein-coding genes,can sequester microRNAs or proteins,modulate transcription and interfere with splicing.Authoritative studies suggest that circRNAs may play an important role in myocardial I/R injury.AIM To explore the role and mechanism of circRNAs in myocardial I/R injury.METHODS We constructed a myocardial I/R injury model using ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,and evaluated the success of the validated model using triphenyltetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin-eosin staining.Then,left ventricular samples from different groups were selected for mRNA-sequence,and differential gene screening was performed on the obtained results.The differentially obtained mRNAs were divided into up-regulated and down-regulated according to their expression levels,and Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)functional enrichment analysis were performed,respectively.Then,the obtained circRNA and microRNA(miRNA)were paired for analysis,and the binding sites of miRNA and mRNA were virtual screened.Finally,the obtained circRNA,miRNA and mRNA were constructed by ceRNA mutual most useful network.RESULTS We used an RNA sequencing array to investigate the expression signatures of circRNAs in myocardial I/R injury using three samples from the I/R group and three samples from the sham group.A total of 142 upregulated and 121 downregulated circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed(fold change≥2,P<0.05).GO and KEGG functional analyses of these circRNAs were performed.GO analysis revealed that these circRNAs were involved mainly in cellular and intracellular processes.KEGG analysis demonstrated that 6 of the top 20 pathways were correlated with cell apoptosis.Furthermore,a circRNA-miRNA coexpression network and ceRNA network based on these genes were constructed,revealing that mmu-circ-0001452,mmu-circ-0001637,and mmu-circ-0000870 might be key regulators of myocardial I/R injury.CONCLUSION This research provides new insights into the mechanism of myocardial I/R,which mmu-circ-0001452,mmu-circ-0001637,and mmu-circ-0000870 are expected to be new therapeutic targets for myocardial I/R injury.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22173104)。
文摘We present a comprehensive study of the CO_(2)-CO interaction potential using a 9-dimensional(9D)potential energy surface(PES)constructed with the fundamental invariant-neural networks(FINN)method.The PES was generated from 65330 CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ ab initio data points,with counterpoise correction,applied to eliminate basis set superposition error(BSSE).We performed quasi-classical trajectory simulations using this PES to investigate the rotational energy transfer dynamics.Our results reveal complex energy transfer mechanisms,with significant rotational excitation and relaxation dependent on collision energy and initial rotational states.The 9D PES provides a more accurate representation of the CO_(2)-CO system,offering new insights into molecular dynamics and interaction mechanisms.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(Grant No.N2107009)Reviving-Liaoning Excellence Plan(Grant No.XLYC2203186).
文摘The Fe–Mn damping alloys possess considerable damping capacity,but their yield strength is rather low.The 800 MPa Fe–Mn alloy with expected damping capacity was designed by the combination of grain refinement and ε-martensite introduction.The yield strength can be greatly raised to around 700 MPa by refining grain size from 88.4 to 1.8μm.Although there exist numerous stacking faults in the fine-grained alloy,the damping capacity is strongly deteriorated due to the suppression of thermally activated ε-martensite.We demonstrate that the stacking faults cannot provide effective contribution to damping capacity and hence introduce a considerable volume fraction of stress/strain-induced ε-martensite to raise damping sources,including ε-martensite and γ/ε interfaces,etc.,by a small pre-strain.From this,the damping capacity can be improved,and the yield strength can be further enhanced from nearly 700 MPa to around 800 MPa.Thus,the combination of high yield strength and good damping capacity is realized.
