The effects of BCG PSN on T cell subsets and cytokines in vernal conjunctivitis were observed. The level of total IgE was quantitatively determined before and after treatment with BCG PSN by allergen diagnostic ins...The effects of BCG PSN on T cell subsets and cytokines in vernal conjunctivitis were observed. The level of total IgE was quantitatively determined before and after treatment with BCG PSN by allergen diagnostic instrument in vitro . The content of T cell subsets of peripheral blood and cytokine were determined by using indirect immune fluorescence method, and IL 4 and INF γ were quantified by ELISA. The results showed that the level of total IgE was substantially reduced ( P <0.01) after treatment in the BCG PSN group. Meanwhile, CD + 8 was decreased, CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio elevated with significant differences ( P <0.05) as compared with pre treatment results. The changes in total IgE, CD + 8 ,CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio after treatment also presented significant differences ( P <0.05) between BCG PSN group and routine treatment group. The level of IL 4 in serum declined ( P <0.05) after treatment in the BCG PSN group, and INF γ went up ( P <0 05). IL 4 and INF γ in serum showed significant differences ( P <0.05) between two groups after treatment. It is concluded that BCG PSN has a bi directional immunoregulating effect. It can bring CD + 4 and CD + 8 into homeostasis, thereby preventing the occurrence of anaphylaxis. At the same time, BCG PSN can restrain Th 2, decrease the synthesis of IL 4, switch the balance of Th l/Th 2 to Th 1 side, boost up the predominance of Th 1 relatively, which is propitious to perennial stabilization and recovery of vernal conjunctivitis.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the 5-year survival after laparoscopic surgery vs open surgery for stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer.METHODS:This study enrolled 406 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for stagesⅡand...AIM: To evaluate the 5-year survival after laparoscopic surgery vs open surgery for stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer.METHODS:This study enrolled 406 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for stagesⅡandⅢrectal cancer between January 2000 and December 2009[laparoscopic rectal resection(LRR),n=152;open rectal resection(ORR),n=254].Clinical characteristics,operative outcomes,pathological outcomes,postoperative recovery,and 5-year survival outcomes were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:Most of the clinical characteristics were similar except age(59 years vs 55 years,P=0.033)between the LRR group and ORR group.The proportion of anterior resection was higher in the LRR group than that in the ORR group(81.6%vs 66.1%,P=0.001).The LRR group had less estimated blood loss(50m L vs 200 m L,P<0.001)and a lower rate of blood transfusion(4.6%vs 11.8%,P=0.019)compared to the ORR group.The pathological outcomes of the two groups were comparable.The LRR group was associated with faster recovery of bowel function(2.8 d vs 3.7 d,P<0.001)and shorter postoperative hospital stay(11.7 d vs 13.7 d,P<0.001).The median followup time was 63 mo in the LRR group and 65 mo in the ORR group.As for the survival outcomes,the 5-year local recurrence rate(16.0%vs 16.4%,P=0.753),5-year disease-free survival(DFS)rate(63.0%vs63.1%,P=0.589),and 5-year overall survival(OS)rate(68.1%vs 63.5%,P=0.682)were comparable between the LRR group and the ORR group.Stageby stage,there were also no statistical differences between the LRR group and the ORR group in terms of the 5-year local recurrence rate(stageⅡ:6.3%vs 8.7%,P=0.623;stageⅢ:26.4%vs 23.2%,P=0.747),5-year DFS rate(stageⅡ:77.5%vs 77.6%,P=0.462;stageⅢ:46.5%vs 50.9%,P=0.738),and5-year OS rate(stageⅡ:81.4%vs 74.3%,P=0.242;stageⅢ:53.9%vs 54.1%,P=0.459).CONCLUSION:LRR for stagesⅡandⅢrectal cancer can yield comparable long-term survival while achieving short-term benefits compared to open surgery.展开更多
Authors investigate the model that two two level atoms interact with a single mode cavity. The formulation of the time evolution operator for the two atom Jaynes Cummings model is presented by the bare states approach...Authors investigate the model that two two level atoms interact with a single mode cavity. The formulation of the time evolution operator for the two atom Jaynes Cummings model is presented by the bare states approach. Besides, squeezing effect of the cavity field is studied and some novel features are obtained.展开更多
This article describes a study by co-integration test and Granger causality test on the relationships between China's services trades and employment using the data of services trade from the WTO website and the em...This article describes a study by co-integration test and Granger causality test on the relationships between China's services trades and employment using the data of services trade from the WTO website and the employment data from China Statistic Yearbook for the years from 1982 to 2003. Co-integration test showed that 1% increase in export value and import value of services created respectively 0.205% and 0.068 7% more job opportunities in the service sector. Both export and import of services impacted positively on employment in service industry, and export did more than import. However, in the short run, the impacts of services export and import on employment in service industry were both very small, though positive; and the impacts of employment in service industry on both export and import of services were very big, but not stable. Granger causality test indicated that employment in service industry was a Granger cause of services export. The findings highlight the importance of facilitating services import and reducing import barriers, and suggest that the competitiveness of China's labor- intensive services trade can be exploited to boost services export and help employment in service sector, and that the structure of services trade should be optimized by shifting from labor-intensive to knowledge-and technology-intensive services thus to enhance China's competitiveness of services export.展开更多
It has been shown in recent economic and statistical studies that combining forecasts may produce more accurate forecasts than individual ones. However, the literature on combining forecasts has almost exclusively foc...It has been shown in recent economic and statistical studies that combining forecasts may produce more accurate forecasts than individual ones. However, the literature on combining forecasts has almost exclusively focused on linear combining forecasts. In this paper, a new nonlinear combination forecasting method based on fuzzy inference system is present to overcome the difficulties and drawbacks in linear combination modeling of non-stationary time series. Furthermore, the optimization algorithm based on a hierarchical structure of learning automata is used to identify the parameters of the fuzzy system. Experiment results related to numerical examples demonstrate that the new technique has excellent identification performances and forecasting accuracy superior to other existing linear combining forecasts.展开更多
This paper presents a sequential optimum algorithm for vehicle schedulingproblem, which includes obtaining initial theoretical solution, adjustingsolution, forming initial routes and adjustins routes. This method can ...This paper presents a sequential optimum algorithm for vehicle schedulingproblem, which includes obtaining initial theoretical solution, adjustingsolution, forming initial routes and adjustins routes. This method can beapplied to general transportation problems with multiple depots and multiplevehicle types on complex network. In comparison with manual scheduling ofChengdu Transportation Company II, the result shows that this method isreasonable, feasible and applicable.展开更多
文摘The effects of BCG PSN on T cell subsets and cytokines in vernal conjunctivitis were observed. The level of total IgE was quantitatively determined before and after treatment with BCG PSN by allergen diagnostic instrument in vitro . The content of T cell subsets of peripheral blood and cytokine were determined by using indirect immune fluorescence method, and IL 4 and INF γ were quantified by ELISA. The results showed that the level of total IgE was substantially reduced ( P <0.01) after treatment in the BCG PSN group. Meanwhile, CD + 8 was decreased, CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio elevated with significant differences ( P <0.05) as compared with pre treatment results. The changes in total IgE, CD + 8 ,CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio after treatment also presented significant differences ( P <0.05) between BCG PSN group and routine treatment group. The level of IL 4 in serum declined ( P <0.05) after treatment in the BCG PSN group, and INF γ went up ( P <0 05). IL 4 and INF γ in serum showed significant differences ( P <0.05) between two groups after treatment. It is concluded that BCG PSN has a bi directional immunoregulating effect. It can bring CD + 4 and CD + 8 into homeostasis, thereby preventing the occurrence of anaphylaxis. At the same time, BCG PSN can restrain Th 2, decrease the synthesis of IL 4, switch the balance of Th l/Th 2 to Th 1 side, boost up the predominance of Th 1 relatively, which is propitious to perennial stabilization and recovery of vernal conjunctivitis.
基金Supported by National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project of China,the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China No.2012AA021103the Research Fund of Public Welfare in Health Industry,National Health and Family Planning Commission of China,No.201502039
文摘AIM: To evaluate the 5-year survival after laparoscopic surgery vs open surgery for stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer.METHODS:This study enrolled 406 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for stagesⅡandⅢrectal cancer between January 2000 and December 2009[laparoscopic rectal resection(LRR),n=152;open rectal resection(ORR),n=254].Clinical characteristics,operative outcomes,pathological outcomes,postoperative recovery,and 5-year survival outcomes were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:Most of the clinical characteristics were similar except age(59 years vs 55 years,P=0.033)between the LRR group and ORR group.The proportion of anterior resection was higher in the LRR group than that in the ORR group(81.6%vs 66.1%,P=0.001).The LRR group had less estimated blood loss(50m L vs 200 m L,P<0.001)and a lower rate of blood transfusion(4.6%vs 11.8%,P=0.019)compared to the ORR group.The pathological outcomes of the two groups were comparable.The LRR group was associated with faster recovery of bowel function(2.8 d vs 3.7 d,P<0.001)and shorter postoperative hospital stay(11.7 d vs 13.7 d,P<0.001).The median followup time was 63 mo in the LRR group and 65 mo in the ORR group.As for the survival outcomes,the 5-year local recurrence rate(16.0%vs 16.4%,P=0.753),5-year disease-free survival(DFS)rate(63.0%vs63.1%,P=0.589),and 5-year overall survival(OS)rate(68.1%vs 63.5%,P=0.682)were comparable between the LRR group and the ORR group.Stageby stage,there were also no statistical differences between the LRR group and the ORR group in terms of the 5-year local recurrence rate(stageⅡ:6.3%vs 8.7%,P=0.623;stageⅢ:26.4%vs 23.2%,P=0.747),5-year DFS rate(stageⅡ:77.5%vs 77.6%,P=0.462;stageⅢ:46.5%vs 50.9%,P=0.738),and5-year OS rate(stageⅡ:81.4%vs 74.3%,P=0.242;stageⅢ:53.9%vs 54.1%,P=0.459).CONCLUSION:LRR for stagesⅡandⅢrectal cancer can yield comparable long-term survival while achieving short-term benefits compared to open surgery.
文摘Authors investigate the model that two two level atoms interact with a single mode cavity. The formulation of the time evolution operator for the two atom Jaynes Cummings model is presented by the bare states approach. Besides, squeezing effect of the cavity field is studied and some novel features are obtained.
文摘This article describes a study by co-integration test and Granger causality test on the relationships between China's services trades and employment using the data of services trade from the WTO website and the employment data from China Statistic Yearbook for the years from 1982 to 2003. Co-integration test showed that 1% increase in export value and import value of services created respectively 0.205% and 0.068 7% more job opportunities in the service sector. Both export and import of services impacted positively on employment in service industry, and export did more than import. However, in the short run, the impacts of services export and import on employment in service industry were both very small, though positive; and the impacts of employment in service industry on both export and import of services were very big, but not stable. Granger causality test indicated that employment in service industry was a Granger cause of services export. The findings highlight the importance of facilitating services import and reducing import barriers, and suggest that the competitiveness of China's labor- intensive services trade can be exploited to boost services export and help employment in service sector, and that the structure of services trade should be optimized by shifting from labor-intensive to knowledge-and technology-intensive services thus to enhance China's competitiveness of services export.
基金Funded by the Excellent Young Teachers of MOE (350) and Chongqing Education Committee Foundation
文摘It has been shown in recent economic and statistical studies that combining forecasts may produce more accurate forecasts than individual ones. However, the literature on combining forecasts has almost exclusively focused on linear combining forecasts. In this paper, a new nonlinear combination forecasting method based on fuzzy inference system is present to overcome the difficulties and drawbacks in linear combination modeling of non-stationary time series. Furthermore, the optimization algorithm based on a hierarchical structure of learning automata is used to identify the parameters of the fuzzy system. Experiment results related to numerical examples demonstrate that the new technique has excellent identification performances and forecasting accuracy superior to other existing linear combining forecasts.
文摘This paper presents a sequential optimum algorithm for vehicle schedulingproblem, which includes obtaining initial theoretical solution, adjustingsolution, forming initial routes and adjustins routes. This method can beapplied to general transportation problems with multiple depots and multiplevehicle types on complex network. In comparison with manual scheduling ofChengdu Transportation Company II, the result shows that this method isreasonable, feasible and applicable.
