Neuromodulation represents a cutting edge class of both invasive and non-invasive therapeutic methods which alter the activity of neurons.Currently,several different techniques have been developed-or are currently bei...Neuromodulation represents a cutting edge class of both invasive and non-invasive therapeutic methods which alter the activity of neurons.Currently,several different techniques have been developed-or are currently being investigated–to treat a wide variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.Recently,in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that neuromodulation can also induce myelination,meaning that it could hold potential as a therapy for various demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis and progressive multifocal leukencepalopathy.These findings come on the heels of a paradigm shift in the view of myelin's role within the nervous system from a static structure to an active co-regulator of central nervous system plasticity and participant in neuron-mediated modulation.In the present review,we highlight several of the recent findings regarding the role of neural activity in altering myelination including several soluble and contact-dependent factors that seem to mediate neural activitydependent myelination.We also highlight several considerations for neuromodulatory techniques,including the need for further research into spatiotemporal precision,dosage,and the safety and efficacy of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation,an emerging neuromodulation technology.As the field of neuromodulation continues to evolve,it could potentially bring forth methods for the treatment of demyelinating diseases,and as such,further investigation into the mechanisms of neuron-dependent myelination as well as neuro-imaging modalities that can monitor myelination activity is warranted.展开更多
The wetting behavior of Au and Ag particles on a monocrystalline graphite substrate was investigated using the microscopic sessile drop method under a purified Ar atmosphere at 1300 K. The measured contact angles of t...The wetting behavior of Au and Ag particles on a monocrystalline graphite substrate was investigated using the microscopic sessile drop method under a purified Ar atmosphere at 1300 K. The measured contact angles of the liquid Au and Ag on monocrystalline graphite substrates of （0001） face were 129° and 124°, respectively. It is believed that the interaction at the interface is dominated by the physical bonding （van der Waal＇s interaction）.展开更多
Understanding the mechanical properties of bionanofilms is important in terms of identifying their durability.The primary focus of this study is to examine the effect of water vapor annealed silk fibroin on the indent...Understanding the mechanical properties of bionanofilms is important in terms of identifying their durability.The primary focus of this study is to examine the effect of water vapor annealed silk fibroin on the indentation modulus and hardness of graphene oxide-silk fibroin(GO-SF)bionanofilms through nanoindentation experiments and finite element analysis(FEA).The GO-SF bionanofilms were fabricated using the layer-by-layer technique.The water vapor annealing process was employed to enhance the interfacial properties between the GO and SF layers,and the mechanical properties of the GO-SF bionanofilms were found to be affected by this process.By employing water vapor annealing,the indentation modulus and hardness of the GO-SF bionanofilms can be improved.Furthermore,the FEA models of the GO-SF bionanofilms were developed to simulate the details of the mechanical behaviors of the GO-SF bionanofilms.The difference in the stress and strain distribution inside the GO-SF bionanofilms before and after annealing was analyzed.In addition,the load-displacement curves that were obtained by the developed FEA model conformed well with the results from the nanoindentation tests.In summary,this study presents the mechanism of improving the indentation modulus and hardness of the GO-SF bionanofilms through the water vapor annealing process,which is established with the FEA simulation models.展开更多
基金the Medical Scientist Training Program(T32GM007250)Predoctoral Training in Molecular Therapeutics Program(T32GM008803)。
文摘Neuromodulation represents a cutting edge class of both invasive and non-invasive therapeutic methods which alter the activity of neurons.Currently,several different techniques have been developed-or are currently being investigated–to treat a wide variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.Recently,in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that neuromodulation can also induce myelination,meaning that it could hold potential as a therapy for various demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis and progressive multifocal leukencepalopathy.These findings come on the heels of a paradigm shift in the view of myelin's role within the nervous system from a static structure to an active co-regulator of central nervous system plasticity and participant in neuron-mediated modulation.In the present review,we highlight several of the recent findings regarding the role of neural activity in altering myelination including several soluble and contact-dependent factors that seem to mediate neural activitydependent myelination.We also highlight several considerations for neuromodulatory techniques,including the need for further research into spatiotemporal precision,dosage,and the safety and efficacy of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation,an emerging neuromodulation technology.As the field of neuromodulation continues to evolve,it could potentially bring forth methods for the treatment of demyelinating diseases,and as such,further investigation into the mechanisms of neuron-dependent myelination as well as neuro-imaging modalities that can monitor myelination activity is warranted.
基金This work was financially supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF 2005-041-D00410).
文摘The wetting behavior of Au and Ag particles on a monocrystalline graphite substrate was investigated using the microscopic sessile drop method under a purified Ar atmosphere at 1300 K. The measured contact angles of the liquid Au and Ag on monocrystalline graphite substrates of （0001） face were 129° and 124°, respectively. It is believed that the interaction at the interface is dominated by the physical bonding （van der Waal＇s interaction）.
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant that was funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2018R1C1B6002339).
文摘Understanding the mechanical properties of bionanofilms is important in terms of identifying their durability.The primary focus of this study is to examine the effect of water vapor annealed silk fibroin on the indentation modulus and hardness of graphene oxide-silk fibroin(GO-SF)bionanofilms through nanoindentation experiments and finite element analysis(FEA).The GO-SF bionanofilms were fabricated using the layer-by-layer technique.The water vapor annealing process was employed to enhance the interfacial properties between the GO and SF layers,and the mechanical properties of the GO-SF bionanofilms were found to be affected by this process.By employing water vapor annealing,the indentation modulus and hardness of the GO-SF bionanofilms can be improved.Furthermore,the FEA models of the GO-SF bionanofilms were developed to simulate the details of the mechanical behaviors of the GO-SF bionanofilms.The difference in the stress and strain distribution inside the GO-SF bionanofilms before and after annealing was analyzed.In addition,the load-displacement curves that were obtained by the developed FEA model conformed well with the results from the nanoindentation tests.In summary,this study presents the mechanism of improving the indentation modulus and hardness of the GO-SF bionanofilms through the water vapor annealing process,which is established with the FEA simulation models.
