A fast, green and readily reproducible microwave-based method for the production of high quality silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） in high yield is presented. Starch is used as a stabilizing agent with few pentose differ...A fast, green and readily reproducible microwave-based method for the production of high quality silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） in high yield is presented. Starch is used as a stabilizing agent with few pentose different reducing carbohydrates as D-ribose, D-arabinose and L-arabinose. From the UV-vis peak profile spectra of the solutions of the silver nanoparticles, the authors have investigated the size of the NPs together with the average diameter, shape, and aggregation state of the colloidal AgNPs. TEM measurements and EDX analysis have confirmed the morphology of our AgNPs.展开更多
Since the discovery of blood circulation and transfusion, there has been an insatiable demand for voluntary blood donations throughout the world. However, gathering blood donors has never been easy because eligible do...Since the discovery of blood circulation and transfusion, there has been an insatiable demand for voluntary blood donations throughout the world. However, gathering blood donors has never been easy because eligible donors constitute only a fraction of the general population and are often reluctant to donate. This is especially challenging in underprivileged countries of sub-Saharan Africa such as Malawi whose nationally run blood transfusion service struggles to maintain hospital blood banks. As a result, hospitals turn to their local communities for directed donations. A retrospective analysis from January 2014 to June 2016 of directed blood donor data from two hospitals in the Kasungu District of Malawi was conducted. The analysis of 2134 donations was carried out with respect to sex, age, hemoglobin concentration, blood group, and presence of transfusion-transmissible infections. On average, donors were 30 years of age and predominately male. Blood group O+ constituted more than half of all directed blood donations. Ultimately, about one third of donations were unable to be utilized for transfusion.展开更多
Purpose:Trauma centres have been proven to provide better outcomes in developed countries for overall trauma,but there is limited literature on the systematic factors that describe any discrepancies in outcomes for tr...Purpose:Trauma centres have been proven to provide better outcomes in developed countries for overall trauma,but there is limited literature on the systematic factors that describe any discrepancies in outcomes for trauma laparotomies in these centres.This study was conducted to examine and interrogate the effect of systematic factors on patients undergoing a trauma laparotomy in a developed country,intending to identify potential discrepancies in the outcome.Methods:This was a retrospective study of all laparotomies performed for trauma at a level 1 trauma centre in New Zealand.All adult patients who had undergone an index laparotomy for trauma between February 2012 and November 2020 were identified and laparotomies for both blunt and penetrating trauma were included.Repeat laparotomies and trauma laparotomies in children were excluded.The primary clinical outcomes reviewed included morbidity,length of hospital stay,and mortality.All statistical analysis was performed using R v.4.0.3.Results:During the 9-year study period,204 trauma laparotomies were performed at Waikato hospital.The majority(83.3%)were performed during office hours(170/204),and the remaining 16.7%were performed after hours(34/204).And 61.3%were performed on a weekday(125/204),whilst 38.7%were performed on the weekend/public holiday(79/204).Most of the parameters in office hours and after hours groups had no statistically significant difference,except lactate(p=0.026).Most of the variables in weekday and weekend groups had no statistically significant difference,except pH,lactate,length of stay,and gastrointestinal complications(p=0.012,p<0.001,p=0.003,p=0.020,respectively).Conclusion:The current trauma system at Waikato hospital is capable of delivering care for trauma laparotomy patients with the same outcome regardless of working hours or after hours,weekday or weekend.This confirms the importance of a robust trauma system capable of responding to the sudden demands placed on it.展开更多
文摘A fast, green and readily reproducible microwave-based method for the production of high quality silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） in high yield is presented. Starch is used as a stabilizing agent with few pentose different reducing carbohydrates as D-ribose, D-arabinose and L-arabinose. From the UV-vis peak profile spectra of the solutions of the silver nanoparticles, the authors have investigated the size of the NPs together with the average diameter, shape, and aggregation state of the colloidal AgNPs. TEM measurements and EDX analysis have confirmed the morphology of our AgNPs.
文摘Since the discovery of blood circulation and transfusion, there has been an insatiable demand for voluntary blood donations throughout the world. However, gathering blood donors has never been easy because eligible donors constitute only a fraction of the general population and are often reluctant to donate. This is especially challenging in underprivileged countries of sub-Saharan Africa such as Malawi whose nationally run blood transfusion service struggles to maintain hospital blood banks. As a result, hospitals turn to their local communities for directed donations. A retrospective analysis from January 2014 to June 2016 of directed blood donor data from two hospitals in the Kasungu District of Malawi was conducted. The analysis of 2134 donations was carried out with respect to sex, age, hemoglobin concentration, blood group, and presence of transfusion-transmissible infections. On average, donors were 30 years of age and predominately male. Blood group O+ constituted more than half of all directed blood donations. Ultimately, about one third of donations were unable to be utilized for transfusion.
文摘Purpose:Trauma centres have been proven to provide better outcomes in developed countries for overall trauma,but there is limited literature on the systematic factors that describe any discrepancies in outcomes for trauma laparotomies in these centres.This study was conducted to examine and interrogate the effect of systematic factors on patients undergoing a trauma laparotomy in a developed country,intending to identify potential discrepancies in the outcome.Methods:This was a retrospective study of all laparotomies performed for trauma at a level 1 trauma centre in New Zealand.All adult patients who had undergone an index laparotomy for trauma between February 2012 and November 2020 were identified and laparotomies for both blunt and penetrating trauma were included.Repeat laparotomies and trauma laparotomies in children were excluded.The primary clinical outcomes reviewed included morbidity,length of hospital stay,and mortality.All statistical analysis was performed using R v.4.0.3.Results:During the 9-year study period,204 trauma laparotomies were performed at Waikato hospital.The majority(83.3%)were performed during office hours(170/204),and the remaining 16.7%were performed after hours(34/204).And 61.3%were performed on a weekday(125/204),whilst 38.7%were performed on the weekend/public holiday(79/204).Most of the parameters in office hours and after hours groups had no statistically significant difference,except lactate(p=0.026).Most of the variables in weekday and weekend groups had no statistically significant difference,except pH,lactate,length of stay,and gastrointestinal complications(p=0.012,p<0.001,p=0.003,p=0.020,respectively).Conclusion:The current trauma system at Waikato hospital is capable of delivering care for trauma laparotomy patients with the same outcome regardless of working hours or after hours,weekday or weekend.This confirms the importance of a robust trauma system capable of responding to the sudden demands placed on it.
