Genitourinary neoplasms,including bladder,prostate,renal,and testicular cancers,represent 25%of all solid tumors worldwide.Great advances have been achieved in the last few decades in diagnostic and therapeutic modali...Genitourinary neoplasms,including bladder,prostate,renal,and testicular cancers,represent 25%of all solid tumors worldwide.Great advances have been achieved in the last few decades in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.Among these,liquid biopsy(LB)technology has evolved during the past few years and offers emerging and novel modalities in the field of oncology.LB is performed by withdrawing bodily fluids(i.e.,blood or urine)and looking for circulating tumor DNA,circulating tumor cells,extracellular vesicles,and non-coding RNAs,among others.Over the past years,several technologies have been developed to isolate and analyze the tumor burden.LB is less invasive than traditional biopsies and has many applications,including early screening,providing diagnostic cues,predicting disease severity and survival outcomes,assessing response and resistance to treatment,detecting minimal tumor burden before radiological evidence,and monitoring for disease recurrence.However,multiple challenges still need to be addressed,including reduction in variability between assays,standardization of protocols,and validation in large trials to ensure reliability.This review will focus on the latest advancements in LB applications for diagnostic and prognostic characterization of genitourinary cancers.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer worldwide,and the second most common cause of cancer-related death.In 2020,the estimated number of deaths due to CRC was approximately 930000,accounting for 10%of ...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer worldwide,and the second most common cause of cancer-related death.In 2020,the estimated number of deaths due to CRC was approximately 930000,accounting for 10%of all cancer deaths worldwide.Accordingly,there is a vast amount of ongoing research aiming to find new and improved treatment modalities for CRC that can potentially increase survival and decrease overall morbidity and mortality.Current management strategies for CRC include surgical procedures for resectable cases,and radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and immunotherapy,in addition to their combination,for non-resectable tumors.Despite these options,CRC remains incurable in 50%of cases.Nonetheless,significant improvements in research techniques have allowed for treatment approaches for CRC to be frequently updated,leading to the availability of new drugs and therapeutic strategies.This review summarizes the most recent therapeutic approaches for CRC,with special emphasis on new strategies that are currently being studied and have great potential to improve the prognosis and lifespan of patients with CRC.展开更多
Surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation are the standard therapeutic modalities for treating cancer.These approaches are intended to target the more mature and rapidly dividing cancer cells.However,they spare th...Surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation are the standard therapeutic modalities for treating cancer.These approaches are intended to target the more mature and rapidly dividing cancer cells.However,they spare the relatively quiescent and intrinsically resistant cancer stem cells(CSCs)subpopulation residing within the tumor tissue.Thus,a temporary eradication is achieved and the tumor bulk tends to revert supported by CSCs'resistant features.Based on their unique expression profile,the identification,isolation,and selective targeting of CSCs hold great promise for challenging treatment failure and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence.Yet,targeting CSCs is limited mainly by the irrelevance of the utilized cancer models.A new era of targeted and personalized anti-cancer therapies has been developed with cancer patient-derived organoids(PDOs)as a tool for establishing pre-clinical tumor models.Herein,we discuss the updated and presently available tissue-specific CSC markers in five highly occurring solid tumors.Additionally,we highlight the advantage and relevance of the threedimensional PDOs culture model as a platform for modeling cancer,evaluating the efficacy of CSC-based therapeutics,and predicting drug response in cancer patients.展开更多
文摘Genitourinary neoplasms,including bladder,prostate,renal,and testicular cancers,represent 25%of all solid tumors worldwide.Great advances have been achieved in the last few decades in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.Among these,liquid biopsy(LB)technology has evolved during the past few years and offers emerging and novel modalities in the field of oncology.LB is performed by withdrawing bodily fluids(i.e.,blood or urine)and looking for circulating tumor DNA,circulating tumor cells,extracellular vesicles,and non-coding RNAs,among others.Over the past years,several technologies have been developed to isolate and analyze the tumor burden.LB is less invasive than traditional biopsies and has many applications,including early screening,providing diagnostic cues,predicting disease severity and survival outcomes,assessing response and resistance to treatment,detecting minimal tumor burden before radiological evidence,and monitoring for disease recurrence.However,multiple challenges still need to be addressed,including reduction in variability between assays,standardization of protocols,and validation in large trials to ensure reliability.This review will focus on the latest advancements in LB applications for diagnostic and prognostic characterization of genitourinary cancers.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer worldwide,and the second most common cause of cancer-related death.In 2020,the estimated number of deaths due to CRC was approximately 930000,accounting for 10%of all cancer deaths worldwide.Accordingly,there is a vast amount of ongoing research aiming to find new and improved treatment modalities for CRC that can potentially increase survival and decrease overall morbidity and mortality.Current management strategies for CRC include surgical procedures for resectable cases,and radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and immunotherapy,in addition to their combination,for non-resectable tumors.Despite these options,CRC remains incurable in 50%of cases.Nonetheless,significant improvements in research techniques have allowed for treatment approaches for CRC to be frequently updated,leading to the availability of new drugs and therapeutic strategies.This review summarizes the most recent therapeutic approaches for CRC,with special emphasis on new strategies that are currently being studied and have great potential to improve the prognosis and lifespan of patients with CRC.
文摘Surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation are the standard therapeutic modalities for treating cancer.These approaches are intended to target the more mature and rapidly dividing cancer cells.However,they spare the relatively quiescent and intrinsically resistant cancer stem cells(CSCs)subpopulation residing within the tumor tissue.Thus,a temporary eradication is achieved and the tumor bulk tends to revert supported by CSCs'resistant features.Based on their unique expression profile,the identification,isolation,and selective targeting of CSCs hold great promise for challenging treatment failure and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence.Yet,targeting CSCs is limited mainly by the irrelevance of the utilized cancer models.A new era of targeted and personalized anti-cancer therapies has been developed with cancer patient-derived organoids(PDOs)as a tool for establishing pre-clinical tumor models.Herein,we discuss the updated and presently available tissue-specific CSC markers in five highly occurring solid tumors.Additionally,we highlight the advantage and relevance of the threedimensional PDOs culture model as a platform for modeling cancer,evaluating the efficacy of CSC-based therapeutics,and predicting drug response in cancer patients.
