目的:探究骆驼乳对慢性酒精性肝损伤小鼠肠道菌群多样性及结构的影响。将雄性C57BL/6NCr小鼠随机分为4组:对照组(Con,n=6)、模型组(Et,n=6)、骆驼乳剂量组(EtCM,n=6)和牛乳剂量组(EtNM,n=6);实验期为8周,前4周饲喂Lieber-DeCarli液体饲...目的:探究骆驼乳对慢性酒精性肝损伤小鼠肠道菌群多样性及结构的影响。将雄性C57BL/6NCr小鼠随机分为4组:对照组(Con,n=6)、模型组(Et,n=6)、骆驼乳剂量组(EtCM,n=6)和牛乳剂量组(EtNM,n=6);实验期为8周,前4周饲喂Lieber-DeCarli液体饲料(含对照),后4周在饲喂Lieber-DeCarli液体饲料的基础上,灌胃相应的乳或生理盐水。灌胃结束后,按照5 g/kg剂量一次性灌胃31.5%酒精溶液,建立NIAAA模型。检测血清LPS含量,并在无菌条件下取小鼠结肠粪便,进行16S rRNA测序,分析肠道菌群α多样性、β多样性及基于门、属水平的物种结构。血清指标结果显示,EtCM组和EtNM组小鼠血清LPS显著降低(P<0.01)。16S r RNA测序结果表明,骆驼乳和牛乳能显著提高ALD小鼠结肠肠道菌群的丰度和均匀度,更好地调整肠道菌群结构,其中骆驼乳较牛乳显示出更好的α多样性。在门水平上,骆驼乳和牛乳显著提高拟杆菌门的丰度,降低厚壁菌门的丰度。在属水平上,骆驼乳和牛乳显著提高副拟杆菌属、拟杆菌属、阿克曼菌属的丰度,降低瘤胃菌科下的未知属Ruminococcaceae_(U)CG-013丰度。其中,骆驼乳的有益菌丰度较牛乳高出9%。结论:骆驼乳通过改变ALD小鼠肠道菌群环境,来调节肠道菌群结构,可作为调节肠道菌群的功能性乳制品,可预防慢性ALD引起的肠道屏障功能障碍。展开更多
Camelids are the only mammals that can produce functional heavy-chain antibodies(HCAbs).Although HCAbs were discovered over 30 years ago,the antibody gene repertoire of Bactrian camels remains largely underexplored.To...Camelids are the only mammals that can produce functional heavy-chain antibodies(HCAbs).Although HCAbs were discovered over 30 years ago,the antibody gene repertoire of Bactrian camels remains largely underexplored.To characterize the diversity of variable genes of HCAbs(VHHs),germline and rearranged VHH repertoires are constructed.Phylogenetics analysis shows that all camelid VHH genes are derived from a common ancestor and the nucleotide diversity of VHHs is similar across all camelid species.While species-specific hallmark sites are identified,the non-canonical cysteines specific to VHHs are distinct in Bactrian camels and dromedaries compared with alpacas.Though low divergence at the germline repertoire between wild and domestic Bactrian camels,higher expression of VHHs is observed in some wild Bactrian camels than that of domestic ones.This study not only adds our understanding of VHH repertoire diversity across camelids,but also provides useful resources for HCAb engineering.展开更多
The problem of decomposing a complete 3-uniform hypergraph into Hamilton cycles was introduced by Bailey and Stevens using a generalization of Hamiltonian chain to uniform hypergraphs by Katona and Kierstead. Decompos...The problem of decomposing a complete 3-uniform hypergraph into Hamilton cycles was introduced by Bailey and Stevens using a generalization of Hamiltonian chain to uniform hypergraphs by Katona and Kierstead. Decomposing the complete 3-uniform hypergraphs Kn（3） into k-cycles （3 ≤ k 〈 n） was then considered by Meszka and Rosa. This study investigates this problem using a difference pattern of combinatorics and shows that Kn·5m（3） can be decomposed into 5-cycles for n ∈ {5, 7, 10, 11, 16, 17, 20, 22, 26} using computer programming.展开更多
With the increasing immunological studies on camels due to the advantage of their single-chain antibodies for humanizations,it is demanding to develop an easy-to-handle evaluation method of their humoral immune respon...With the increasing immunological studies on camels due to the advantage of their single-chain antibodies for humanizations,it is demanding to develop an easy-to-handle evaluation method of their humoral immune response before proceeding with immunization of foreign antigens that may be toxic to camels.In this study,we quantitatively determined the expression levels of T-helper 2(Th2)cytokines in peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from Bactrian camels by real-time PCR.The recorded kinetic profiles resulting from the immunization of ovalbumin(OVA)indicated that after immunization,Th2 cytokines including interleukin(IL)families such as IL-4,IL-10,and IL-13 in the camels were up-regulated by a factor of 1.78,3.15,and 1.22,respectively,which was validated by traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)methods.Unlike ELISA which requires specific enzyme-labeled antibodies,this established method based on the minimal amount of blood samples holds an advantage in the preliminary evaluation of camel humoral immune response with desirable precision,which is meaningful for biomedical explorations of camel-derived antibodies.展开更多
It is proved in this paper that if G is a simple connected r-uniform hypergraph with ｜｜G｜｜≥2, then G has an edge e such that G - e - V1（e） is also a simple connected r-uniform hypergraph. This reduction is natu...It is proved in this paper that if G is a simple connected r-uniform hypergraph with ｜｜G｜｜≥2, then G has an edge e such that G - e - V1（e） is also a simple connected r-uniform hypergraph. This reduction is naturally called a combined Graham reduction. Under the simple reductions of single edge removals and single edge contractions, the minor minimal connected simple r-uniform hypergraphs are also determined.展开更多
A digraph D（V, E） is said to be graceful if there exists an injection f ： V（G） →{0, 1,... , ｜E｜} such that the induced function f＇ ： E（G） --~ {1, 2,… , ｜E｜} which is defined by f＇ （u, v） = [f（v） - ...A digraph D（V, E） is said to be graceful if there exists an injection f ： V（G） →{0, 1,... , ｜E｜} such that the induced function f＇ ： E（G） --~ {1, 2,… , ｜E｜} which is defined by f＇ （u, v） = [f（v） - f（u）] （rood ｜E｜＋ 1） for every directed edge （u, v） is a bijection. Here, f is called a graceful labeling （graceful numbering） of D（V, E）, while f＇ is called the induced edge＇s graceful labeling of D. In this paper we discuss the gracefulness of the digraph n- Cm and prove that n. Cm is a graceful digraph for m = 15, 17 and even展开更多
文摘目的:探究骆驼乳对慢性酒精性肝损伤小鼠肠道菌群多样性及结构的影响。将雄性C57BL/6NCr小鼠随机分为4组:对照组(Con,n=6)、模型组(Et,n=6)、骆驼乳剂量组(EtCM,n=6)和牛乳剂量组(EtNM,n=6);实验期为8周,前4周饲喂Lieber-DeCarli液体饲料(含对照),后4周在饲喂Lieber-DeCarli液体饲料的基础上,灌胃相应的乳或生理盐水。灌胃结束后,按照5 g/kg剂量一次性灌胃31.5%酒精溶液,建立NIAAA模型。检测血清LPS含量,并在无菌条件下取小鼠结肠粪便,进行16S rRNA测序,分析肠道菌群α多样性、β多样性及基于门、属水平的物种结构。血清指标结果显示,EtCM组和EtNM组小鼠血清LPS显著降低(P<0.01)。16S r RNA测序结果表明,骆驼乳和牛乳能显著提高ALD小鼠结肠肠道菌群的丰度和均匀度,更好地调整肠道菌群结构,其中骆驼乳较牛乳显示出更好的α多样性。在门水平上,骆驼乳和牛乳显著提高拟杆菌门的丰度,降低厚壁菌门的丰度。在属水平上,骆驼乳和牛乳显著提高副拟杆菌属、拟杆菌属、阿克曼菌属的丰度,降低瘤胃菌科下的未知属Ruminococcaceae_(U)CG-013丰度。其中,骆驼乳的有益菌丰度较牛乳高出9%。结论:骆驼乳通过改变ALD小鼠肠道菌群环境,来调节肠道菌群结构,可作为调节肠道菌群的功能性乳制品,可预防慢性ALD引起的肠道屏障功能障碍。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070570)the National Key Research and Development Project(2020YFE0203300)the Special Fund for Commercialization of Scientific and Research Findings in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021CG0021)。
文摘Camelids are the only mammals that can produce functional heavy-chain antibodies(HCAbs).Although HCAbs were discovered over 30 years ago,the antibody gene repertoire of Bactrian camels remains largely underexplored.To characterize the diversity of variable genes of HCAbs(VHHs),germline and rearranged VHH repertoires are constructed.Phylogenetics analysis shows that all camelid VHH genes are derived from a common ancestor and the nucleotide diversity of VHHs is similar across all camelid species.While species-specific hallmark sites are identified,the non-canonical cysteines specific to VHHs are distinct in Bactrian camels and dromedaries compared with alpacas.Though low divergence at the germline repertoire between wild and domestic Bactrian camels,higher expression of VHHs is observed in some wild Bactrian camels than that of domestic ones.This study not only adds our understanding of VHH repertoire diversity across camelids,but also provides useful resources for HCAb engineering.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11161032)
文摘The problem of decomposing a complete 3-uniform hypergraph into Hamilton cycles was introduced by Bailey and Stevens using a generalization of Hamiltonian chain to uniform hypergraphs by Katona and Kierstead. Decomposing the complete 3-uniform hypergraphs Kn（3） into k-cycles （3 ≤ k 〈 n） was then considered by Meszka and Rosa. This study investigates this problem using a difference pattern of combinatorics and shows that Kn·5m（3） can be decomposed into 5-cycles for n ∈ {5, 7, 10, 11, 16, 17, 20, 22, 26} using computer programming.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1703118)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20181364)+6 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.19KJA310003)Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangsu health and Health Committee(No.H2018087)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),Jiangsu Shuangchuang ProgramOpen Funds of the State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics(2016015)Open project of the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules(2017kf05)the cooperative project between Southeast University and Nanjing Medical University(2018DN0004)Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor project,China。
文摘With the increasing immunological studies on camels due to the advantage of their single-chain antibodies for humanizations,it is demanding to develop an easy-to-handle evaluation method of their humoral immune response before proceeding with immunization of foreign antigens that may be toxic to camels.In this study,we quantitatively determined the expression levels of T-helper 2(Th2)cytokines in peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from Bactrian camels by real-time PCR.The recorded kinetic profiles resulting from the immunization of ovalbumin(OVA)indicated that after immunization,Th2 cytokines including interleukin(IL)families such as IL-4,IL-10,and IL-13 in the camels were up-regulated by a factor of 1.78,3.15,and 1.22,respectively,which was validated by traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)methods.Unlike ELISA which requires specific enzyme-labeled antibodies,this established method based on the minimal amount of blood samples holds an advantage in the preliminary evaluation of camel humoral immune response with desirable precision,which is meaningful for biomedical explorations of camel-derived antibodies.
基金Supported by NRF South Africathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11161032)
文摘It is proved in this paper that if G is a simple connected r-uniform hypergraph with ｜｜G｜｜≥2, then G has an edge e such that G - e - V1（e） is also a simple connected r-uniform hypergraph. This reduction is naturally called a combined Graham reduction. Under the simple reductions of single edge removals and single edge contractions, the minor minimal connected simple r-uniform hypergraphs are also determined.
文摘A digraph D（V, E） is said to be graceful if there exists an injection f ： V（G） →{0, 1,... , ｜E｜} such that the induced function f＇ ： E（G） --~ {1, 2,… , ｜E｜} which is defined by f＇ （u, v） = [f（v） - f（u）] （rood ｜E｜＋ 1） for every directed edge （u, v） is a bijection. Here, f is called a graceful labeling （graceful numbering） of D（V, E）, while f＇ is called the induced edge＇s graceful labeling of D. In this paper we discuss the gracefulness of the digraph n- Cm and prove that n. Cm is a graceful digraph for m = 15, 17 and even
