Optical fiber biosensors(OFBs)have emerged as a versatile and highly sensitive technology,with various implementations such as fiber Bragg gratings,interferometric techniques,and D-shaped fibers,particularly those tha...Optical fiber biosensors(OFBs)have emerged as a versatile and highly sensitive technology,with various implementations such as fiber Bragg gratings,interferometric techniques,and D-shaped fibers,particularly those that leverage surface plasmon resonance effects.Classifying these sensors based on target analytes underscores their adaptability and broad range of applications.Despite significant progress,challenges such as repeatability,multiplexing,and data interpretation remain key barriers to widespread practical adoption.To address these limitations,recent innovations focus on artificial intelligence algorithms for enhanced data processing,as well as novel materials that improve sensitivity and the repeatability of functionalization.The integration of label-free detection,enabled by surface functionalization,further enhances biosensing capabilities.Moreover,the unique combination of small fiber dimensions,low samplevolume detection,and multiplexing capabilities positions OFBs as a promising alternative to existing commercial solutions.As demand for precise,real-time,and multi-analyte sensing grows,OFBs are poised to become a cornerstone technology,particularly in the context of Healthcare 5.0,where personalized and intelligent diagnostics are essential to advancing medical applications.We summarize advances in OFBs over the past decade,highlighting their functionalities and applications across multiple fields,including medical diagnostics,environmental monitoring,and industrial process control.Finally,we explore future directions for this field.Reported detection limits below 1 femtomolar(10-15mol∕L),selectivity ratios exceeding 100:1,and operational stability over 60 days illustrate ongoing progress in overcoming challenges related to sensitivity,specificity,and long-term performance.The integration of the Internet of Things will enable seamless communication with external devices.Innovations in material science can further improve sensitivity and repeatability,allowing probing in low-sample environments and supporting new designs with label-free and multiplexing capabilities.Continued progress in these areas will pave the way for large-scale production and commercialization of OFBs.展开更多
基金developed within the scope of the project CICECO Aveiro Institute of MaterialsUID/50011/2025(DOI:10.54499/UID/50011/2025)&LA/P/0006/2020(DOI:10.54499/LA/P/0006/2020)+4 种基金financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES(PIDDAC)co-funded by the European Union under REFRESH—Research Excellence for REgion Sustainability and High-Tech Industries(Project No CZ.10.03.01/00/22-003/0000048)through the Operational Programme Just Transitionprovided by the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic,and conducted at the VSB-Technical University of Ostrava under Grant Nos.SP2025/039 and SP2025/021funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan(Grant No.AP19576207)by a Nazarbayev University grant(code:20122022FD4134,Project M2O-DISK)。
文摘Optical fiber biosensors(OFBs)have emerged as a versatile and highly sensitive technology,with various implementations such as fiber Bragg gratings,interferometric techniques,and D-shaped fibers,particularly those that leverage surface plasmon resonance effects.Classifying these sensors based on target analytes underscores their adaptability and broad range of applications.Despite significant progress,challenges such as repeatability,multiplexing,and data interpretation remain key barriers to widespread practical adoption.To address these limitations,recent innovations focus on artificial intelligence algorithms for enhanced data processing,as well as novel materials that improve sensitivity and the repeatability of functionalization.The integration of label-free detection,enabled by surface functionalization,further enhances biosensing capabilities.Moreover,the unique combination of small fiber dimensions,low samplevolume detection,and multiplexing capabilities positions OFBs as a promising alternative to existing commercial solutions.As demand for precise,real-time,and multi-analyte sensing grows,OFBs are poised to become a cornerstone technology,particularly in the context of Healthcare 5.0,where personalized and intelligent diagnostics are essential to advancing medical applications.We summarize advances in OFBs over the past decade,highlighting their functionalities and applications across multiple fields,including medical diagnostics,environmental monitoring,and industrial process control.Finally,we explore future directions for this field.Reported detection limits below 1 femtomolar(10-15mol∕L),selectivity ratios exceeding 100:1,and operational stability over 60 days illustrate ongoing progress in overcoming challenges related to sensitivity,specificity,and long-term performance.The integration of the Internet of Things will enable seamless communication with external devices.Innovations in material science can further improve sensitivity and repeatability,allowing probing in low-sample environments and supporting new designs with label-free and multiplexing capabilities.Continued progress in these areas will pave the way for large-scale production and commercialization of OFBs.
