Human-modified landscapes serve as ecological filters,determining species distributions and persistence.Energy-efficient technologies,while crucial for climate change mitigation,represent novel filters whose impacts o...Human-modified landscapes serve as ecological filters,determining species distributions and persistence.Energy-efficient technologies,while crucial for climate change mitigation,represent novel filters whose impacts on synanthropic biodiversity are poorly understood.We investigated how attached sunspaces,a widely adopted energy-saving technology in rural China,filter the distribution of two ecologically important aerial insectivores,the Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica)and Red-rumped Swallow(Cecropis daurica).We surveyed 106 villages during the 2024 and 2025 breeding seasons and recorded a total of 2323 nests(612 Barn Swallow,1711 Red-rumped Swallow).Using Generalized Linear Models,we assessed their responses to building characteristics,landscape composition and the prevalence of sunspaces.Barn Swallow nests preferred perches at the base and single attachment faces,while Red-rumped Swallow nests favored multiple attachment faces and avoided long shelters.The proportion of buildings with sunspaces acted as a strong positive filter for Barn Swallow nest abundance(+24%)but as a significant negative filter for Red-rumped Swallow(-51%).Other landscape variables(e.g.,human population density,NDVI,Human Footprint Index)were not significant.This study demonstrates that specific architectural innovations can act as powerful ecological filters,leading to divergent distributional outcomes for sympatric species reliant on anthropogenic structures.Our findings reveal a critical trade-off in sustainable development:energy efficiency gains may inadvertently reduce habitat suitability for certain species.To reconcile climate and biodiversity goals in rural landscapes,we advocate integrating species-specific habitat requirements into building design.We propose actionable modifications to sunspaces to support swallows without compromising energy savings.These principles provide a template for mitigating the distributional impacts of green infrastructure globally.展开更多
To address the issues of limited demand response data,low generalization of demand response potential evaluation,and poor demand response effect,the article proposes a demand response potential feature extraction and ...To address the issues of limited demand response data,low generalization of demand response potential evaluation,and poor demand response effect,the article proposes a demand response potential feature extraction and prediction model based on data mining and a demand response potential assessment model for adjustable loads in demand response scenarios based on subjective and objective weight analysis.Firstly,based on the demand response process and demand response behavior,obtain demand response characteristics that characterize the process and behavior.Secondly,establish a feature extraction and prediction model based on data mining,including similar day clustering,time series decomposition,redundancy processing,and data prediction.The predicted values of each demand response feature on the response day are obtained.Thirdly,the predicted data of various characteristics on the response day are used as demand response potential evaluation indicators to represent different demand response scenarios and adjustable loads,and a demand response potential evaluation model based on subjective and objective weight allocation is established to calculate the demand response potential of different adjustable loads in different demand response scenarios.Finally,the effectiveness of the method proposed in the article is verified through examples,providing a reference for load aggregators to formulate demand response schemes.展开更多
This study investigates the effect of interfacial electric field redistribution caused by interfacial metal phase transition on the performance of Te-Se alloy-based shortwave infrared photodiode under high interfacial...This study investigates the effect of interfacial electric field redistribution caused by interfacial metal phase transition on the performance of Te-Se alloy-based shortwave infrared photodiode under high interfacial stress conditions.Microscopic analysis of the Te_(0.6)Se_(0.4)/ZnO interface reveals that stress at the boundary induces the diffusion of Se atoms into the ZnO region,leading to the formation of a new Te-rich metallic phase of Te_(0.75)Se_(0.25).This metallic phase would significantly impede carrier migration and negatively impact the photoelectric performance of the device.The incorporation of a TeO_(2) modified layer would reduce interface stress,and avoid the formation of the metallic phase,which notably reduces dark current and enhances quantum efficiency.This study explores how interfacial stress influences the structure–property relationship of TeSe/ZnO heterojunctions,offering a novel approach to optimizing interface engineering for Te-based infrared detectors.展开更多
Current financial large language models(FinLLMs)exhibit two major limitations:the absence of standardized evaluation metrics for stock analysis quality and insufficient analytical depth.We address these limitations wi...Current financial large language models(FinLLMs)exhibit two major limitations:the absence of standardized evaluation metrics for stock analysis quality and insufficient analytical depth.We address these limitations with two contributions.First,we introduce AnalyScore,a systematic framework for evaluating the quality of stock analysis.Second,we construct Stocksis,an expert-curated dataset designed to enhance the financial analysis capabilities of large language models(LLMs).Building on Stocksis,together with a novel integration framework and quantitative tools,we develop FinSphere,an artificial intelligence(AI)agent that generates professional-grade stock analysis reports.Evaluations with AnalyScore show that FinSphere consistently surpasses general-purpose LLMs,domain-specific FinLLMs,and existing agent-based systems,even when the latter are enhanced with real-time data access and few-shot guidance.The findings highlight FinSphere’s significant advantages in analytical quality and real-world applicability.展开更多
Background::Non-transport unintentional injuries(NTUIs)are major public concerns,especially among children and adolescents in low-and middle-income countries.With environmental and cognitive changes,a recent systemati...Background::Non-transport unintentional injuries(NTUIs)are major public concerns,especially among children and adolescents in low-and middle-income countries.With environmental and cognitive changes,a recent systematic description of global trends and regional differences concerning NTUIs is urgently needed for the global agenda of relevant policy-making and intervention target findings.Methods::We used mortality,population,and socio-demographic-index(SDI)data from Global Burden of Disease 2019 to analyze the trends of NTUIs mortality.We applied the slope index of inequality(SII)and relative index of inequality(RII)to measure the absolute and relative inequality between countries and territories.The concentration curve and concentration index(CI)were also used to measure the inequality.We conducted a sensitivity analysis to make our findings credible.Results::In 2019,there were 205,000 deaths due to NTUIs among children and adolescents aged 5 to 24 years,which decreased from 375,000 in 1990.In 2019,the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)was 8.13 per 100,000,ranging from the lowest in the Netherlands(0.90 per 100,000)to the highest in the Solomon Islands(29.34 per 100,000).The low-middle SDI group had the highest ASMR of NTUIs,while the low SDI group had the slowest decrease.After excluding the death caused by"exposure to forces of nature"and"other unintentional injuries",drowning accounted for the most deaths in almost every SDI group,gender,and age group,but the major causes of death varied in different subgroups.For example,animal contact was a major cause in low and low-middle SDI groups but less in high SDI groups,while high and high-middle SDI groups had a higher proportion of deaths for foreign body and poisonings.The SII showed a declining trend,but the RII and CI did not,which might indicate that inequality was persistent.Similar results were found in the sensitivity analysis.Conclusions::Despite the declining trend of the mortality rate and the narrowing gap between countries,there were still a large number of children and adolescents dying from NTUIs,and those experiencing social-economic disadvantages remained at high mortality.Embedding the prevention of NTUIs into sustainable development goals might contribute to the progress of reducing death and inequalities,which ensures that no one is left behind.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are progressing towards higher energy densities,extended lifespans,and improved safety.However,battery thermal management systems are facing increased demand owing to high-rate charging and ...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are progressing towards higher energy densities,extended lifespans,and improved safety.However,battery thermal management systems are facing increased demand owing to high-rate charging and discharging,dynamic operating conditions,and heightened thermal safety concerns.Therefore,this paper proposes a novel composite phase change material(CPCM)comprising Na2SO4–10H2O as the core phase change material(PCM)and expanded graphite as the thermal conductivity enhancer.The CPCM offers high latent heat,superior thermal conductivity,and a two-stage temperature control function for battery thermal management and safety.The optimal mass CPCM ratio,determined through comprehensive characterization and thermal property tests,resulted in a melting point of 29.05℃,latent heat of 183.7 J·g^(-1),and high thermal conductivity of 3.926 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1).During normal LIB operations,the CPCM efficiently absorbs and transfers heat,reducing the peak LIB temperature from 66 to 34℃at 15℃ambient temperature during a 3.7C high-rate discharge.Under dynamic conditions,the peak temperatures across the three cycles were consistently controlled at 36.7,36.4,and 35.8℃,respectively.In a thermal runaway state,the thermochemical heat storage of hydrated salt dehydration effectively slowed LIB temperature increase,delaying the time to reach 130℃by 187 s.Suppression of the temperature rise outside the CPCM,combined with an extended dehydration plateau of up to 320 s,prevented the occurrence and propagation of thermal runaway in the battery.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32201304)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412022QD026)。
文摘Human-modified landscapes serve as ecological filters,determining species distributions and persistence.Energy-efficient technologies,while crucial for climate change mitigation,represent novel filters whose impacts on synanthropic biodiversity are poorly understood.We investigated how attached sunspaces,a widely adopted energy-saving technology in rural China,filter the distribution of two ecologically important aerial insectivores,the Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica)and Red-rumped Swallow(Cecropis daurica).We surveyed 106 villages during the 2024 and 2025 breeding seasons and recorded a total of 2323 nests(612 Barn Swallow,1711 Red-rumped Swallow).Using Generalized Linear Models,we assessed their responses to building characteristics,landscape composition and the prevalence of sunspaces.Barn Swallow nests preferred perches at the base and single attachment faces,while Red-rumped Swallow nests favored multiple attachment faces and avoided long shelters.The proportion of buildings with sunspaces acted as a strong positive filter for Barn Swallow nest abundance(+24%)but as a significant negative filter for Red-rumped Swallow(-51%).Other landscape variables(e.g.,human population density,NDVI,Human Footprint Index)were not significant.This study demonstrates that specific architectural innovations can act as powerful ecological filters,leading to divergent distributional outcomes for sympatric species reliant on anthropogenic structures.Our findings reveal a critical trade-off in sustainable development:energy efficiency gains may inadvertently reduce habitat suitability for certain species.To reconcile climate and biodiversity goals in rural landscapes,we advocate integrating species-specific habitat requirements into building design.We propose actionable modifications to sunspaces to support swallows without compromising energy savings.These principles provide a template for mitigating the distributional impacts of green infrastructure globally.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund,Research on Security Low Carbon Collaborative Situation Awareness of Comprehensive Energy System from the Perspective of Dynamic Security Domain(52307130).
文摘To address the issues of limited demand response data,low generalization of demand response potential evaluation,and poor demand response effect,the article proposes a demand response potential feature extraction and prediction model based on data mining and a demand response potential assessment model for adjustable loads in demand response scenarios based on subjective and objective weight analysis.Firstly,based on the demand response process and demand response behavior,obtain demand response characteristics that characterize the process and behavior.Secondly,establish a feature extraction and prediction model based on data mining,including similar day clustering,time series decomposition,redundancy processing,and data prediction.The predicted values of each demand response feature on the response day are obtained.Thirdly,the predicted data of various characteristics on the response day are used as demand response potential evaluation indicators to represent different demand response scenarios and adjustable loads,and a demand response potential evaluation model based on subjective and objective weight allocation is established to calculate the demand response potential of different adjustable loads in different demand response scenarios.Finally,the effectiveness of the method proposed in the article is verified through examples,providing a reference for load aggregators to formulate demand response schemes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1204800,2023YFB360890,and 2021YFA0715502)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62174064)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(No.OVL2023ZD002).
文摘This study investigates the effect of interfacial electric field redistribution caused by interfacial metal phase transition on the performance of Te-Se alloy-based shortwave infrared photodiode under high interfacial stress conditions.Microscopic analysis of the Te_(0.6)Se_(0.4)/ZnO interface reveals that stress at the boundary induces the diffusion of Se atoms into the ZnO region,leading to the formation of a new Te-rich metallic phase of Te_(0.75)Se_(0.25).This metallic phase would significantly impede carrier migration and negatively impact the photoelectric performance of the device.The incorporation of a TeO_(2) modified layer would reduce interface stress,and avoid the formation of the metallic phase,which notably reduces dark current and enhances quantum efficiency.This study explores how interfacial stress influences the structure–property relationship of TeSe/ZnO heterojunctions,offering a novel approach to optimizing interface engineering for Te-based infrared detectors.
文摘Current financial large language models(FinLLMs)exhibit two major limitations:the absence of standardized evaluation metrics for stock analysis quality and insufficient analytical depth.We address these limitations with two contributions.First,we introduce AnalyScore,a systematic framework for evaluating the quality of stock analysis.Second,we construct Stocksis,an expert-curated dataset designed to enhance the financial analysis capabilities of large language models(LLMs).Building on Stocksis,together with a novel integration framework and quantitative tools,we develop FinSphere,an artificial intelligence(AI)agent that generates professional-grade stock analysis reports.Evaluations with AnalyScore show that FinSphere consistently surpasses general-purpose LLMs,domain-specific FinLLMs,and existing agent-based systems,even when the latter are enhanced with real-time data access and few-shot guidance.The findings highlight FinSphere’s significant advantages in analytical quality and real-world applicability.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Statistical ScientificResearch Program(No.2021LY052)the China Medical Board(21-434 to YS)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073573).
文摘Background::Non-transport unintentional injuries(NTUIs)are major public concerns,especially among children and adolescents in low-and middle-income countries.With environmental and cognitive changes,a recent systematic description of global trends and regional differences concerning NTUIs is urgently needed for the global agenda of relevant policy-making and intervention target findings.Methods::We used mortality,population,and socio-demographic-index(SDI)data from Global Burden of Disease 2019 to analyze the trends of NTUIs mortality.We applied the slope index of inequality(SII)and relative index of inequality(RII)to measure the absolute and relative inequality between countries and territories.The concentration curve and concentration index(CI)were also used to measure the inequality.We conducted a sensitivity analysis to make our findings credible.Results::In 2019,there were 205,000 deaths due to NTUIs among children and adolescents aged 5 to 24 years,which decreased from 375,000 in 1990.In 2019,the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)was 8.13 per 100,000,ranging from the lowest in the Netherlands(0.90 per 100,000)to the highest in the Solomon Islands(29.34 per 100,000).The low-middle SDI group had the highest ASMR of NTUIs,while the low SDI group had the slowest decrease.After excluding the death caused by"exposure to forces of nature"and"other unintentional injuries",drowning accounted for the most deaths in almost every SDI group,gender,and age group,but the major causes of death varied in different subgroups.For example,animal contact was a major cause in low and low-middle SDI groups but less in high SDI groups,while high and high-middle SDI groups had a higher proportion of deaths for foreign body and poisonings.The SII showed a declining trend,but the RII and CI did not,which might indicate that inequality was persistent.Similar results were found in the sensitivity analysis.Conclusions::Despite the declining trend of the mortality rate and the narrowing gap between countries,there were still a large number of children and adolescents dying from NTUIs,and those experiencing social-economic disadvantages remained at high mortality.Embedding the prevention of NTUIs into sustainable development goals might contribute to the progress of reducing death and inequalities,which ensures that no one is left behind.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No:51821004)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Project No.:L242074).
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are progressing towards higher energy densities,extended lifespans,and improved safety.However,battery thermal management systems are facing increased demand owing to high-rate charging and discharging,dynamic operating conditions,and heightened thermal safety concerns.Therefore,this paper proposes a novel composite phase change material(CPCM)comprising Na2SO4–10H2O as the core phase change material(PCM)and expanded graphite as the thermal conductivity enhancer.The CPCM offers high latent heat,superior thermal conductivity,and a two-stage temperature control function for battery thermal management and safety.The optimal mass CPCM ratio,determined through comprehensive characterization and thermal property tests,resulted in a melting point of 29.05℃,latent heat of 183.7 J·g^(-1),and high thermal conductivity of 3.926 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1).During normal LIB operations,the CPCM efficiently absorbs and transfers heat,reducing the peak LIB temperature from 66 to 34℃at 15℃ambient temperature during a 3.7C high-rate discharge.Under dynamic conditions,the peak temperatures across the three cycles were consistently controlled at 36.7,36.4,and 35.8℃,respectively.In a thermal runaway state,the thermochemical heat storage of hydrated salt dehydration effectively slowed LIB temperature increase,delaying the time to reach 130℃by 187 s.Suppression of the temperature rise outside the CPCM,combined with an extended dehydration plateau of up to 320 s,prevented the occurrence and propagation of thermal runaway in the battery.
