An ensemble optimal interpolation(EnOI)data assimilation method is applied in the BCCCSM1.1 to investigate the impact of ocean data assimilations on seasonal forecasts in an idealized twin experiment framework.Pseudoo...An ensemble optimal interpolation(EnOI)data assimilation method is applied in the BCCCSM1.1 to investigate the impact of ocean data assimilations on seasonal forecasts in an idealized twin experiment framework.Pseudoobservations of sea surface temperature(SST),sea surface height(SSH),sea surface salinity(SSS),temperature and salinity(T/S)profiles were first generated in a free model run.Then,a series of sensitivity tests initialized with predefined bias were conducted for a one-year period;this involved a free run(CTR)and seven assimilation runs.These tests allowed us to check the analysis field accuracy against the"truth".As expected,data assimilation improved all investigated quantities;the joint assimilation of all variables gave more improved results than assimilating them separately.One-year predictions initialized from the seven runs and CTR were then conducted and compared.The forecasts initialized from joint assimilation of surface data produced comparable SST root mean square errors to that from assimilation of T/S profiles,but the assimilation of T/S profiles is crucial to reduce subsurface deficiencies.The ocean surface currents in the tropics were better predicted when initial conditions produced by assimilating T/S profiles,while surface data assimilation became more important at higher latitudes,particularly near the western boundary currents.The predictions of ocean heat content and mixed layer depth are significantly improved initialized from the joint assimilation of all the variables.Finally,a central Pacific El Ni?o was well predicted from the joint assimilation of surface data,indicating the importance of joint assimilation of SST,SSH,and SSS for ENSO predictions.展开更多
In contrast to the well-established genomic 5-methylcytosine(5mC),the existence of N^(6)-methyladenine(6 mA)in eukaryotic genomes was discovered only recently.Initial studies found that it was actively regulated in ca...In contrast to the well-established genomic 5-methylcytosine(5mC),the existence of N^(6)-methyladenine(6 mA)in eukaryotic genomes was discovered only recently.Initial studies found that it was actively regulated in cancer cells,suggesting its involvement in the process of carcinogenesis.However,the contribution of 6 mA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)still remains uncharacterized.In this study,a pan-cancer type analysis was first performed,which revealed enhanced 6mA metabolism in diverse cancer types.The study was then focused on the regulation of 6 mA metabolism,as well as its effects on TSCC cells.To these aspects,genome 6mA level was found greatly increased in TSCC tissues and cultured cells.By knocking down 6mA methylases N6AMT1 and METTL4,the level of genomic 6mA was decreased in TSCC cells.This led to suppressed colony formation and cell migration.By contrast,knockdown of 6mA demethylase ALKBH1 resulted in an increased 6 mA level,enhanced colony formation,and cell migration.Further study suggested that regulation of the NF-κB pathway might contribute to the enhanced migration of TSCC cells.Therefore,in the case of TSCC,we have shown that genomic 6mA modification is involved in the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.展开更多
For the problem of free⁃floating space robot(FFSR)that the motion of manipulator will cause a large disturbance to the attitude of satellite,a path planning method based on hp⁃adaptive Gauss pseudospectral method(hp⁃A...For the problem of free⁃floating space robot(FFSR)that the motion of manipulator will cause a large disturbance to the attitude of satellite,a path planning method based on hp⁃adaptive Gauss pseudospectral method(hp⁃AGPM)is proposed in this paper.In this method,the minimum reaction torque acting on satellite is taken as the objective function,and the number of segments and the order of polynomial in each segment are determined adaptively to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of the solution.At the same time,the theoretical convergence of the designed method is innovatively proved to ensure that the solution of the discretized nonlinear programming(NLP)problem is the optimal solution to the original optimal problem.The simulation results of a planar two degree⁃of⁃freedom(2⁃DOF)space manipulator show that the proposed path planning method is more effective than the resolved acceleration control(RAC)method and the control variable parameterization(CVP)method,and is better than other pseudospectral methods both in computation speed and the number of collocation points.展开更多
The effect of different carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios in feeds on the growth performance and organosomatic indices of Atlantic salmon, Salmon salar, was determined in this experiment. Four iso- energetic feeds were man...The effect of different carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios in feeds on the growth performance and organosomatic indices of Atlantic salmon, Salmon salar, was determined in this experiment. Four iso- energetic feeds were manufactured with increasing carbohydrate level (18%, 21%, 14%, 26%). Lipid level was decreasing from 14% to 11% for each diet for energetic balance. Fish were reared in triplicate tanks for each diet treatment for 49 days. The diet which contained 26% carbohydrate and 11% lipid provided the highest specific growth rate (SGR = 0.66% ± 0.04% per day) to the fish. However, the feed efficiency (FER) ranked from 0.71 to 0.91 had no significant differences between diets. Similarly, the values of condition index (K), relative gut length (RGL) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) had no significant differences between groups. The relationship between liver and carcass weight showed that with the increasing of fish carcass weight, the liver weight increased. According to this experiment, it suggests that based on an optimum level of carbohydrate in diet, the juvenile salmon has a better growth fed by a diet with a higher carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio.展开更多
Exposure to explosive shockwave often leads to blast-induced traumatic brain injury in military and civilian populations.Unprotected ears are most often damaged following exposure to blasts.Although there is an associ...Exposure to explosive shockwave often leads to blast-induced traumatic brain injury in military and civilian populations.Unprotected ears are most often damaged following exposure to blasts.Although there is an association between tympanic membrane perforation and TBI in blast exposure victims,little is known about how and to what extent blast energy is transmitted to the central nervous system via the external ear canal.The present study investigated whether exposure to blasts directed through the ear canal causes brain injury in LongEvans rats.Animals were exposed to a single blast(0–30 pounds per square inch(psi))through the ear canal,and brain injury was evaluated by histological and behavioral outcomes at multiple time-points.Blast exposure not only caused tympanic membrane perforation but also produced substantial neuropathological changes in the brain,including increased expression of c-Fos,induction of a profound chronic neuroinflammatory response,and apoptosis of neurons.The blast-induced injury was not limited only to the brainstem most proximal to the source of the blast,but also affected the forebrain including the hippocampus,amygdala and the habenula,which are all involved in cognitive functions.Indeed,the animals exhibited long-term neurological deficits,including signs of anxiety in open field tests 2 months following blast exposure,and impaired learning and memory in an 8-arm maze 12 months following blast exposure.These results suggest that the unprotected ear canal provides a locus for blast waves to cause TBI.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Mississippi Medical Center(Animal protocol#0932 E,approval date:September 30,2016 and 0932 F,approval date:September 27,2019).展开更多
The current review is designed with aims to highlight the impact of heat stress(HS) on calves and heifers and to suggest methods for HS alleviation. HS occurs in animals when heat gain from environment and metabolism ...The current review is designed with aims to highlight the impact of heat stress(HS) on calves and heifers and to suggest methods for HS alleviation. HS occurs in animals when heat gain from environment and metabolism surpasses heat loss by radiation, convection, evaporation and conduction. Although calves and heifers are comparatively heat resistant due to less production of metabolic heat and more heat dissipation efficiency, they still suffer from HS to some degree. Dry matter intake and growth performance of calves and heifers are reduced during HS because of redistributing energy to heat regulation through a series of physiological and metabolic responses, such as elevated blood insulin and protein catabolism. Enhanced respiration rate and panting during HS accelerate the loss of CO2, resulting in altered blood acid-base chemistry and respiratory alkalosis. HS-induced alteration in rumen motility and microbiota affects the feed digestibility and rumen fermentation. Decreased luteinizing hormone, estradiol and gonadotrophins due to HS disturb the normal estrus cyclicity, depress follicular development, hence the drop in conception rate. Prenatal HS not only suppresses the embryonic development by the impaired placenta, which results in hypoxia and malnutrition, but also retards the growth, immunity and future milk production of newborn calves. Based on the above challenges, we attempted to describe the possible impacts of HS on growth, health, digestibility and reproduction of calves and heifers. Likewise, we also proposed three primary strategies for ameliorating HS consequences. Genetic development and reproductive measures, such as gene selection and embryo transfers, are more likely long-term approaches to enhance heat tolerance. While physical modification of the environment, such as shades and sprinkle systems, is the most common and easily implemented measure to alleviate HS. Additionally, nutritional management is another key approach which could help calves and heifers maintain homeostasis and prevent nutrient deficiencies because of HS.展开更多
Gamma band oscillation（GBO） and sensory gating（SG） are associated with many cognitive functions.Ketamine induces deficits of GBO and SG in the prefrontal cortex（PFC）. However, the time-courses of the effects of ...Gamma band oscillation（GBO） and sensory gating（SG） are associated with many cognitive functions.Ketamine induces deficits of GBO and SG in the prefrontal cortex（PFC）. However, the time-courses of the effects of different doses of ketamine on GBO power and SG are poorly understood. Studies have indicated that GBO power and SG have a common substrate for their generation and abnormalities. In this study, we found that（1） ketamine administration increased GBO power in the PFC in rats differently in the low-and high-dose groups;（2） auditory SG was significantly lower than baseline in the 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups, but not in the 15 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg groups; and（3） changes in SG and basal GBO power were significantly correlated in awake rats. These results indicate a relationship between mechanisms underlying auditory SG and GBO power.展开更多
The MCrAlY coating has been potential candidate for the parts applied in friction and corrosion conditions, and CNTs (carbon nanotubes) are expected to improve the service performance of coatings owing to high lubrica...The MCrAlY coating has been potential candidate for the parts applied in friction and corrosion conditions, and CNTs (carbon nanotubes) are expected to improve the service performance of coatings owing to high lubrication and low chemical reactivity. In this work, a systematic investigation on the tribological and corrosion properties of CoCrAlYTaSiC-xCNTs coatings deposited by laser melting was analyzed. Results showed that the coatings had good-quality without typical metallurgical defects. The CNTs addition homogenized and refined the microstructure of coating, and also improved the tribological and corrosion properties. As the CNTs content changed from 0 to 4 wt%, the wear rate of coating decreased from 16.23 × 10^(-3) to 7.58 × 10^(-3) mg m^(−1), the jcorr of coating decreased from 4.13 × 10^(-4) to 1.23 × 10^(-4) A cm^(−2), and the Rct values increased from 12.69 to 25.07 Ω cm2.展开更多
This paper presents a methodology for automatically generating risk scenarios for dynamic reliability applications in which some dynamic characteristics(e.g.,the order,timing and magnitude of events,the value of relev...This paper presents a methodology for automatically generating risk scenarios for dynamic reliability applications in which some dynamic characteristics(e.g.,the order,timing and magnitude of events,the value of relevant process parameters and initial conditions) have a significant influence on the evolution of the system.The main idea of the methodology is:(i) making the system model "express itself" through simulation by having the model driven by an elaborated simulation engine;(ii) exploiting uniform design to pick out a small subset of representative design points from the space of relevant dynamic characteristics;(iii) for each selected design point,employing a depth-first systematic exploration strategy to cover all possible scenario branches at each branch point.A highly dynamic example adapted from the literature(a chemical batch reactor) is studied to test the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.展开更多
A methodology for automatically generating risk scenarios is presented.Its main idea is to let the system model ＂express itself＂ through simulation.This is achieved by having the simulation model driven by an elabor...A methodology for automatically generating risk scenarios is presented.Its main idea is to let the system model ＂express itself＂ through simulation.This is achieved by having the simulation model driven by an elaborated simulation engine,which：（i） manipulates the generation of branch points,i.e.event occurrence times;（ii） employs a depth-first systematic exploration strategy to cover all possible branch paths at each branch point.In addition,a backtracking technique,as an extension,is implemented to recover some missed risk scenarios.A widely discussed dynamic reliability example（a holdup tank） is used to aid in the explanation of and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.展开更多
Background:The potential impact of pre-existing coronary artery stenosis(CAS)on right ventricular(RV)function during acute pulmonary embolism(PE)episodes remains underexplored.This study aimed to investigate the assoc...Background:The potential impact of pre-existing coronary artery stenosis(CAS)on right ventricular(RV)function during acute pulmonary embolism(PE)episodes remains underexplored.This study aimed to investigate the association between pre-existing CAS and RV dysfunction in patients with acute PE.Methods:In this multicenter,case-control study,89 cases and 176 controls matched for age were enrolled at three study centers(Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Fuwai Hospital,and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University)from January 2016 to December 2020.The cases were patients with acute PE with CAS,and the controls were patients with acute PE without CAS.Coronary artery assessment was performed using coronary computed tomographic angiography.CAS was defined as≥50%stenosis of the lumen diameter in any coronary vessel>2.0 mm in diameter.Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between CAS and RV dysfunction.Results:The percentages of RV dysfunction(19.1%[17/89]vs.44.6%[78/176],P<0.001)and elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure(sPAP)(19.3%[17/89]vs.39.5%[68/176],P=0.001)were significantly lower in the case group than those in the control group.In the multivariable logistic regression model,CAS was independently and negatively associated with RV dysfunction(adjusted odds ratio[OR]:0.367;95%confidence interval[CI]:0.185–0.728;P=0.004),and elevated sPAP(OR:0.490;95%CI:0.252–0.980;P=0.035),respectively.Conclusions:Pre-existing CAS was significantly and negatively associated with RV dysfunction and elevated sPAP in patients with acute PE.This finding provides new insights into RV dysfunction in patients with acute PE with pre-existing CAS.展开更多
In cardiac myocytes,the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR)is the main storage organelle of free Ca^(2+).The concentration of free Ca^(2+)in the SR is 0.5–1.0 mmol/L and is 2–3 orders of magnitude greater than that in the cy...In cardiac myocytes,the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR)is the main storage organelle of free Ca^(2+).The concentration of free Ca^(2+)in the SR is 0.5–1.0 mmol/L and is 2–3 orders of magnitude greater than that in the cytosol.The SR is composed of interconnected cisternae(junctional SR,i.e.,JSR)and tubules(free SR network,i.e.,FSR)that extend throughout the cytosol[1].Ca^(2+)is released from the JSR into the cytosol via Ca^(2+)release units(CRUs,展开更多
Yellow light-emitting diodes(LEDs) are widely utilized in high-quality lighting, light communication,indicator lamps, etc. Owing to their outstanding material properties and device performance, the metal halide perovs...Yellow light-emitting diodes(LEDs) are widely utilized in high-quality lighting, light communication,indicator lamps, etc. Owing to their outstanding material properties and device performance, the metal halide perovskites have demonstrated a significant potential for LED applications. However, the performance of the yellow perovskite LEDs(PeLEDs) is inferior to that of their green and red counterparts, with the maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE) limited to ~3.1%. Further, a majority of the yellow PeLEDs are fabricated using the spin-coating methods. The current study reports the development of the yellow CsPbBr_(2)I PeLEDs based on an all-vacuum deposition approach, which has been widely employed in the commercial organic LEDs(OLEDs). By controlling the co-evaporation rate of CsI and PbBr;, the growth kinetics of the perovskite layer are regulated to achieve a small grain size of~31.8 nm. Consequently, an improved radiative recombination rate(8.04 × 10^(-9)cm^(3)/s) is obtained owing to the spatial confinement effect. The PeLEDs based on the optimal perovskite film demonstrate the yellow electroluminescence(574 nm) with a maximum EQE of ~3.7% and luminance of~16,200 cd/m^(2), thus, representing one of the most efficient and bright yellow PeLEDs. Overall, this study provides a useful guideline for realizing the efficient PeLEDs based on the thermal evaporation strategy and highlights the potential of PeLED as an efficient and bright yellow light source.展开更多
Lead halide perovskites exhibit unexceptionable photoelectric properties.However,these materials are unsatisfactory in terms of stability and toxicity.Herein,we report Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 as a new kind of lead free perovskit...Lead halide perovskites exhibit unexceptionable photoelectric properties.However,these materials are unsatisfactory in terms of stability and toxicity.Herein,we report Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 as a new kind of lead free perovskite variants.This material can be easily obtained through hydrothermal reactions.The composition is determined through structure refinement,elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectra.Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 exhibits a broad yellow emission at 560 nm,with a Stokes shift of 175 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)around 26%.Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 also shows good thermal and water stability due to its inorganic composition.White light-emitting diodes(LEDs)are constructed by combining Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 as yellow phosphors,our previously reported Cs2 SnCl6:2.75%Bi as blue phosphors,and commercial UV LED chips as the excitation source,producing a white light with the Commission Internationale de’Eclairage(CIE)color coordinates at(0.39,0.38).展开更多
Background Lennox-gastaut syndrome(LGS)is an epileptic encephalopathy often associated with behavioral and psychiatric disorders.Vagus nerve stimulation(VNS)has been approved effective for LGS treatment.Surgical resec...Background Lennox-gastaut syndrome(LGS)is an epileptic encephalopathy often associated with behavioral and psychiatric disorders.Vagus nerve stimulation(VNS)has been approved effective for LGS treatment.Surgical resection is also an option for LGS patients with focal pathology,offering a high probability of seizure control.However,it is challenging to accurately localize the seizure focus.Case presentation The case presented here is a 19-year-old male with a 16-year history of epilepsy with comorbid severe cognitive and psychiatric disorders.He was diagnosed with LGS due to generalized slow spike-wave discharges and multiple seizure types.He was treated with VNS in 2017 at the age of 15.After that,the frequency of the short tonic seizures decreased from 4–5 times per day to 2–5 times per year,and the generalized tonic–clonic seizure pattern did not recur,which had a frequency of 2–4 times per month before the surgery.In 2019,the generalized abnormal interictal epileptiform discharges changed to be localized in the right frontal–temporal lobe at the age of 17 years(2019).Conclusions This case report suggested that the generalized epileptiform discharges evolve into localized discharges after VNS treatment,which may help reveal the primary seizure focus for resection surgery in patients with LGS.展开更多
The specific advantages of cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)for the diagnosis and treatment of several cardiovascular diseases,in terms of diagnostic accuracy,[1,2]patient outcomes,[3,4]and cost-effectiveness,have been ...The specific advantages of cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)for the diagnosis and treatment of several cardiovascular diseases,in terms of diagnostic accuracy,[1,2]patient outcomes,[3,4]and cost-effectiveness,have been highlighted.[5]CMR is a multisequential and multi-parametric imaging modality used for morphological,functional,and histological characterization,which plays an important role in the diagnosis,including differential diagnosis,of cardiomyopathies.展开更多
Dear Editor,Wheat(Triticum aestivum)is one of the world’s most important staple food crops,providing approximately 20%of human caloric intake(Cheng et al.,2024).The development of modern highyield wheat varieties req...Dear Editor,Wheat(Triticum aestivum)is one of the world’s most important staple food crops,providing approximately 20%of human caloric intake(Cheng et al.,2024).The development of modern highyield wheat varieties requires a semi-dwarf plant architecture,as reduced plant height improves lodging resistance and harvest index,thereby enhancing yield potential and stability.展开更多
Lead halide perovskites,with high photoluminescence efficiency and narrow・band emission,are promising materials for display and lighting.However,the lead toxicity and environmental sensitivity hinder their potential a...Lead halide perovskites,with high photoluminescence efficiency and narrow・band emission,are promising materials for display and lighting.However,the lead toxicity and environmental sensitivity hinder their potential applications.Herein,a new antimony・doped lead-free inorganic perovskites variant Cs2SnCl6:xSb is designed and synthesized.The perovskite variant Cs2SnCl6:xSb exhibits a broadband orange-red emission,with a photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 37%.The photoluminescence of Cs2SnCl6:xSb is caused by the ionoluminescence of Sb3+within Cs2SnCl6 matrix,which is verified by temperature dependent photoluminescence(PL)and PL decay measurements.In addition,the all inorganic structure renders Cs2SnCl6:xSb with excellent thermal and water stability.Finally,a white light-emitting diode(white-LED)is fabricated by assembling Cs2SnCl6:0.59%Sb,Cs2SnCl6:2.75%Bi and Ba2Sr2SiO4:Eu2+onto the commercial UV LED chips,and the color rendering index(CRI)reaches 81.展开更多
Butyrate and its derivatives possess various nutritional and biological benefits for mammals,whereas its effects on dairy calves have not been well characterized.This study evaluated the effects of tributyrin administ...Butyrate and its derivatives possess various nutritional and biological benefits for mammals,whereas its effects on dairy calves have not been well characterized.This study evaluated the effects of tributyrin administration on blood immune,intestinal immune and barrier functions,and microbial composition of pre-weaned dairy calves.Twenty newborn Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned into a control group(no tributyrin supplementation,CON;n=10)or a treatment group(supplemented with tributyrin at 2 g/L of milk,TRB;n=10).The results showed that diarrhea frequency was decreased significantly by tributyrin administration from d 29 to 56(P<0.001)and the whole period(P=0.003,d 1 to 56)though no significant effects were observed on growth performance.For blood metabolites,tributyrin administration significantly reduced the concentration of interleukin-1b(IL-1b)on d 28(P=0.001)and tended to reduce the concentration of serum amyloid A on d 56(P=0.079),whereas serum oxidative status parameters were not affected.For intestinal development,tributyrin administration increased the villus height(P<0.001)and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(P=0.046)in the jejunum,and the villus height in the ileum(P=0.074).Furthermore,toll-like receptor 2(TRL2,P=0.045)and IL-1b(P=0.088)gene expressions were downregulated,while claudin-4(P=0.022)gene expression was upregulated in the jejunum following tributyrin administration.In the ileum,claudin-4(P=0.029)and G-protein coupled receptor 41(P=0.019)gene expressions were upregulated in the TRB group compared to CON.No significantly higher abundances of microbiota were found in the jejunum or ileum of calves in the CON group.In the TRB group,supplementing tributyrin significantly increased the abundance of shortchain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria,including Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Prevotella and Rikenellaceae(LDA>3.5,P<0.05),which was negatively associated with inflammatory gene expression(TLR2 and IL-1b)but positively associated with intestinal barrier genes(claudin-4)and morphological parameters(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplementing tributyrin in milk replacer could improve intestinal development and health of pre-weaned dairy calves by stimulating SCFA-producing bacteria colonization,enhancing intestinal barrier functions and suppressing inflammatory responses.展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2016YFA0602102 and2016YFC1401702the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)under contract No.GML2019ZD0306+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41306005CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program Startup Fund by South China Sea Institute of Oceanology under contract No.Y9SL011001。
文摘An ensemble optimal interpolation(EnOI)data assimilation method is applied in the BCCCSM1.1 to investigate the impact of ocean data assimilations on seasonal forecasts in an idealized twin experiment framework.Pseudoobservations of sea surface temperature(SST),sea surface height(SSH),sea surface salinity(SSS),temperature and salinity(T/S)profiles were first generated in a free model run.Then,a series of sensitivity tests initialized with predefined bias were conducted for a one-year period;this involved a free run(CTR)and seven assimilation runs.These tests allowed us to check the analysis field accuracy against the"truth".As expected,data assimilation improved all investigated quantities;the joint assimilation of all variables gave more improved results than assimilating them separately.One-year predictions initialized from the seven runs and CTR were then conducted and compared.The forecasts initialized from joint assimilation of surface data produced comparable SST root mean square errors to that from assimilation of T/S profiles,but the assimilation of T/S profiles is crucial to reduce subsurface deficiencies.The ocean surface currents in the tropics were better predicted when initial conditions produced by assimilating T/S profiles,while surface data assimilation became more important at higher latitudes,particularly near the western boundary currents.The predictions of ocean heat content and mixed layer depth are significantly improved initialized from the joint assimilation of all the variables.Finally,a central Pacific El Ni?o was well predicted from the joint assimilation of surface data,indicating the importance of joint assimilation of SST,SSH,and SSS for ENSO predictions.
基金supported by Beijing Health Science and Technology Promotion Project (BHTPP202027)Beijing Li Huanying Medical Foundation (lhyjjhzzxm2021-01)
文摘In contrast to the well-established genomic 5-methylcytosine(5mC),the existence of N^(6)-methyladenine(6 mA)in eukaryotic genomes was discovered only recently.Initial studies found that it was actively regulated in cancer cells,suggesting its involvement in the process of carcinogenesis.However,the contribution of 6 mA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)still remains uncharacterized.In this study,a pan-cancer type analysis was first performed,which revealed enhanced 6mA metabolism in diverse cancer types.The study was then focused on the regulation of 6 mA metabolism,as well as its effects on TSCC cells.To these aspects,genome 6mA level was found greatly increased in TSCC tissues and cultured cells.By knocking down 6mA methylases N6AMT1 and METTL4,the level of genomic 6mA was decreased in TSCC cells.This led to suppressed colony formation and cell migration.By contrast,knockdown of 6mA demethylase ALKBH1 resulted in an increased 6 mA level,enhanced colony formation,and cell migration.Further study suggested that regulation of the NF-κB pathway might contribute to the enhanced migration of TSCC cells.Therefore,in the case of TSCC,we have shown that genomic 6mA modification is involved in the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.
文摘For the problem of free⁃floating space robot(FFSR)that the motion of manipulator will cause a large disturbance to the attitude of satellite,a path planning method based on hp⁃adaptive Gauss pseudospectral method(hp⁃AGPM)is proposed in this paper.In this method,the minimum reaction torque acting on satellite is taken as the objective function,and the number of segments and the order of polynomial in each segment are determined adaptively to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of the solution.At the same time,the theoretical convergence of the designed method is innovatively proved to ensure that the solution of the discretized nonlinear programming(NLP)problem is the optimal solution to the original optimal problem.The simulation results of a planar two degree⁃of⁃freedom(2⁃DOF)space manipulator show that the proposed path planning method is more effective than the resolved acceleration control(RAC)method and the control variable parameterization(CVP)method,and is better than other pseudospectral methods both in computation speed and the number of collocation points.
文摘The effect of different carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios in feeds on the growth performance and organosomatic indices of Atlantic salmon, Salmon salar, was determined in this experiment. Four iso- energetic feeds were manufactured with increasing carbohydrate level (18%, 21%, 14%, 26%). Lipid level was decreasing from 14% to 11% for each diet for energetic balance. Fish were reared in triplicate tanks for each diet treatment for 49 days. The diet which contained 26% carbohydrate and 11% lipid provided the highest specific growth rate (SGR = 0.66% ± 0.04% per day) to the fish. However, the feed efficiency (FER) ranked from 0.71 to 0.91 had no significant differences between diets. Similarly, the values of condition index (K), relative gut length (RGL) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) had no significant differences between groups. The relationship between liver and carcass weight showed that with the increasing of fish carcass weight, the liver weight increased. According to this experiment, it suggests that based on an optimum level of carbohydrate in diet, the juvenile salmon has a better growth fed by a diet with a higher carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)grants R21 DC017293(to HZ,WZ),R01 DC018919(to HZ,WZ),AG050049(to FF),AG057842(to FF),P20GM104357(to FF,RJR),and HL138685(to RJR)。
文摘Exposure to explosive shockwave often leads to blast-induced traumatic brain injury in military and civilian populations.Unprotected ears are most often damaged following exposure to blasts.Although there is an association between tympanic membrane perforation and TBI in blast exposure victims,little is known about how and to what extent blast energy is transmitted to the central nervous system via the external ear canal.The present study investigated whether exposure to blasts directed through the ear canal causes brain injury in LongEvans rats.Animals were exposed to a single blast(0–30 pounds per square inch(psi))through the ear canal,and brain injury was evaluated by histological and behavioral outcomes at multiple time-points.Blast exposure not only caused tympanic membrane perforation but also produced substantial neuropathological changes in the brain,including increased expression of c-Fos,induction of a profound chronic neuroinflammatory response,and apoptosis of neurons.The blast-induced injury was not limited only to the brainstem most proximal to the source of the blast,but also affected the forebrain including the hippocampus,amygdala and the habenula,which are all involved in cognitive functions.Indeed,the animals exhibited long-term neurological deficits,including signs of anxiety in open field tests 2 months following blast exposure,and impaired learning and memory in an 8-arm maze 12 months following blast exposure.These results suggest that the unprotected ear canal provides a locus for blast waves to cause TBI.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Mississippi Medical Center(Animal protocol#0932 E,approval date:September 30,2016 and 0932 F,approval date:September 27,2019).
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0501600)Key Research and Development Project of Hebei (19226625D)。
文摘The current review is designed with aims to highlight the impact of heat stress(HS) on calves and heifers and to suggest methods for HS alleviation. HS occurs in animals when heat gain from environment and metabolism surpasses heat loss by radiation, convection, evaporation and conduction. Although calves and heifers are comparatively heat resistant due to less production of metabolic heat and more heat dissipation efficiency, they still suffer from HS to some degree. Dry matter intake and growth performance of calves and heifers are reduced during HS because of redistributing energy to heat regulation through a series of physiological and metabolic responses, such as elevated blood insulin and protein catabolism. Enhanced respiration rate and panting during HS accelerate the loss of CO2, resulting in altered blood acid-base chemistry and respiratory alkalosis. HS-induced alteration in rumen motility and microbiota affects the feed digestibility and rumen fermentation. Decreased luteinizing hormone, estradiol and gonadotrophins due to HS disturb the normal estrus cyclicity, depress follicular development, hence the drop in conception rate. Prenatal HS not only suppresses the embryonic development by the impaired placenta, which results in hypoxia and malnutrition, but also retards the growth, immunity and future milk production of newborn calves. Based on the above challenges, we attempted to describe the possible impacts of HS on growth, health, digestibility and reproduction of calves and heifers. Likewise, we also proposed three primary strategies for ameliorating HS consequences. Genetic development and reproductive measures, such as gene selection and embryo transfers, are more likely long-term approaches to enhance heat tolerance. While physical modification of the environment, such as shades and sprinkle systems, is the most common and easily implemented measure to alleviate HS. Additionally, nutritional management is another key approach which could help calves and heifers maintain homeostasis and prevent nutrient deficiencies because of HS.
基金supported by a grant from the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (2015BS015)grants from the joint projects of Yunnan Province (40215003, H-201639 and 2017FE468(-250))a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2011BAK04B04)
文摘Gamma band oscillation（GBO） and sensory gating（SG） are associated with many cognitive functions.Ketamine induces deficits of GBO and SG in the prefrontal cortex（PFC）. However, the time-courses of the effects of different doses of ketamine on GBO power and SG are poorly understood. Studies have indicated that GBO power and SG have a common substrate for their generation and abnormalities. In this study, we found that（1） ketamine administration increased GBO power in the PFC in rats differently in the low-and high-dose groups;（2） auditory SG was significantly lower than baseline in the 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups, but not in the 15 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg groups; and（3） changes in SG and basal GBO power were significantly correlated in awake rats. These results indicate a relationship between mechanisms underlying auditory SG and GBO power.
文摘The MCrAlY coating has been potential candidate for the parts applied in friction and corrosion conditions, and CNTs (carbon nanotubes) are expected to improve the service performance of coatings owing to high lubrication and low chemical reactivity. In this work, a systematic investigation on the tribological and corrosion properties of CoCrAlYTaSiC-xCNTs coatings deposited by laser melting was analyzed. Results showed that the coatings had good-quality without typical metallurgical defects. The CNTs addition homogenized and refined the microstructure of coating, and also improved the tribological and corrosion properties. As the CNTs content changed from 0 to 4 wt%, the wear rate of coating decreased from 16.23 × 10^(-3) to 7.58 × 10^(-3) mg m^(−1), the jcorr of coating decreased from 4.13 × 10^(-4) to 1.23 × 10^(-4) A cm^(−2), and the Rct values increased from 12.69 to 25.07 Ω cm2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70901004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YWF-10-01-A12)
文摘This paper presents a methodology for automatically generating risk scenarios for dynamic reliability applications in which some dynamic characteristics(e.g.,the order,timing and magnitude of events,the value of relevant process parameters and initial conditions) have a significant influence on the evolution of the system.The main idea of the methodology is:(i) making the system model "express itself" through simulation by having the model driven by an elaborated simulation engine;(ii) exploiting uniform design to pick out a small subset of representative design points from the space of relevant dynamic characteristics;(iii) for each selected design point,employing a depth-first systematic exploration strategy to cover all possible scenario branches at each branch point.A highly dynamic example adapted from the literature(a chemical batch reactor) is studied to test the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70901004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YWF-10-01-A12)
文摘A methodology for automatically generating risk scenarios is presented.Its main idea is to let the system model ＂express itself＂ through simulation.This is achieved by having the simulation model driven by an elaborated simulation engine,which：（i） manipulates the generation of branch points,i.e.event occurrence times;（ii） employs a depth-first systematic exploration strategy to cover all possible branch paths at each branch point.In addition,a backtracking technique,as an extension,is implemented to recover some missed risk scenarios.A widely discussed dynamic reliability example（a holdup tank） is used to aid in the explanation of and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
基金supported by grants from the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases—National Science and Technology Major Project(Nos.2024ZD0526700 and 2024ZD0526704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82241020 and 82300080)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2703902)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2021-12M-1-018).
文摘Background:The potential impact of pre-existing coronary artery stenosis(CAS)on right ventricular(RV)function during acute pulmonary embolism(PE)episodes remains underexplored.This study aimed to investigate the association between pre-existing CAS and RV dysfunction in patients with acute PE.Methods:In this multicenter,case-control study,89 cases and 176 controls matched for age were enrolled at three study centers(Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Fuwai Hospital,and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University)from January 2016 to December 2020.The cases were patients with acute PE with CAS,and the controls were patients with acute PE without CAS.Coronary artery assessment was performed using coronary computed tomographic angiography.CAS was defined as≥50%stenosis of the lumen diameter in any coronary vessel>2.0 mm in diameter.Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between CAS and RV dysfunction.Results:The percentages of RV dysfunction(19.1%[17/89]vs.44.6%[78/176],P<0.001)and elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure(sPAP)(19.3%[17/89]vs.39.5%[68/176],P=0.001)were significantly lower in the case group than those in the control group.In the multivariable logistic regression model,CAS was independently and negatively associated with RV dysfunction(adjusted odds ratio[OR]:0.367;95%confidence interval[CI]:0.185–0.728;P=0.004),and elevated sPAP(OR:0.490;95%CI:0.252–0.980;P=0.035),respectively.Conclusions:Pre-existing CAS was significantly and negatively associated with RV dysfunction and elevated sPAP in patients with acute PE.This finding provides new insights into RV dysfunction in patients with acute PE with pre-existing CAS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11272014 and 11328201)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB531200)
文摘In cardiac myocytes,the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR)is the main storage organelle of free Ca^(2+).The concentration of free Ca^(2+)in the SR is 0.5–1.0 mmol/L and is 2–3 orders of magnitude greater than that in the cytosol.The SR is composed of interconnected cisternae(junctional SR,i.e.,JSR)and tubules(free SR network,i.e.,FSR)that extend throughout the cytosol[1].Ca^(2+)is released from the JSR into the cytosol via Ca^(2+)release units(CRUs,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62050039 61725401 5171101030 51761145048 62004075 62005089 and 51902113)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFA0204000 and 2016YFB0201204)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HUST: 2019421JYCXJJ004)the Fund for Innovative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2020CFA034)the Graduates’ Innovation Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)(2021yjscxcy036)。
文摘Yellow light-emitting diodes(LEDs) are widely utilized in high-quality lighting, light communication,indicator lamps, etc. Owing to their outstanding material properties and device performance, the metal halide perovskites have demonstrated a significant potential for LED applications. However, the performance of the yellow perovskite LEDs(PeLEDs) is inferior to that of their green and red counterparts, with the maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE) limited to ~3.1%. Further, a majority of the yellow PeLEDs are fabricated using the spin-coating methods. The current study reports the development of the yellow CsPbBr_(2)I PeLEDs based on an all-vacuum deposition approach, which has been widely employed in the commercial organic LEDs(OLEDs). By controlling the co-evaporation rate of CsI and PbBr;, the growth kinetics of the perovskite layer are regulated to achieve a small grain size of~31.8 nm. Consequently, an improved radiative recombination rate(8.04 × 10^(-9)cm^(3)/s) is obtained owing to the spatial confinement effect. The PeLEDs based on the optimal perovskite film demonstrate the yellow electroluminescence(574 nm) with a maximum EQE of ~3.7% and luminance of~16,200 cd/m^(2), thus, representing one of the most efficient and bright yellow PeLEDs. Overall, this study provides a useful guideline for realizing the efficient PeLEDs based on the thermal evaporation strategy and highlights the potential of PeLED as an efficient and bright yellow light source.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFB0700702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51761145048, 61725401, and 51702107)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M632843)the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Key Innovation Team for Interdisciplinary Promotion (2016JCTD111, 2017KFXKJC003)Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center
文摘Lead halide perovskites exhibit unexceptionable photoelectric properties.However,these materials are unsatisfactory in terms of stability and toxicity.Herein,we report Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 as a new kind of lead free perovskite variants.This material can be easily obtained through hydrothermal reactions.The composition is determined through structure refinement,elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectra.Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 exhibits a broad yellow emission at 560 nm,with a Stokes shift of 175 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)around 26%.Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 also shows good thermal and water stability due to its inorganic composition.White light-emitting diodes(LEDs)are constructed by combining Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 as yellow phosphors,our previously reported Cs2 SnCl6:2.75%Bi as blue phosphors,and commercial UV LED chips as the excitation source,producing a white light with the Commission Internationale de’Eclairage(CIE)color coordinates at(0.39,0.38).
基金Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(202105AC160029,KYRLMY20200026 and YNGXCXTD2018012)Major Science and Technology Special Project of Yunnan Province(202002AA100204).
文摘Background Lennox-gastaut syndrome(LGS)is an epileptic encephalopathy often associated with behavioral and psychiatric disorders.Vagus nerve stimulation(VNS)has been approved effective for LGS treatment.Surgical resection is also an option for LGS patients with focal pathology,offering a high probability of seizure control.However,it is challenging to accurately localize the seizure focus.Case presentation The case presented here is a 19-year-old male with a 16-year history of epilepsy with comorbid severe cognitive and psychiatric disorders.He was diagnosed with LGS due to generalized slow spike-wave discharges and multiple seizure types.He was treated with VNS in 2017 at the age of 15.After that,the frequency of the short tonic seizures decreased from 4–5 times per day to 2–5 times per year,and the generalized tonic–clonic seizure pattern did not recur,which had a frequency of 2–4 times per month before the surgery.In 2019,the generalized abnormal interictal epileptiform discharges changed to be localized in the right frontal–temporal lobe at the age of 17 years(2019).Conclusions This case report suggested that the generalized epileptiform discharges evolve into localized discharges after VNS treatment,which may help reveal the primary seizure focus for resection surgery in patients with LGS.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF0501400,2021YFF0501404)Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930044)。
文摘The specific advantages of cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)for the diagnosis and treatment of several cardiovascular diseases,in terms of diagnostic accuracy,[1,2]patient outcomes,[3,4]and cost-effectiveness,have been highlighted.[5]CMR is a multisequential and multi-parametric imaging modality used for morphological,functional,and histological characterization,which plays an important role in the diagnosis,including differential diagnosis,of cardiomyopathies.
基金supported by grants from the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0402402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.32401861 and 32372120)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003401)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Dear Editor,Wheat(Triticum aestivum)is one of the world’s most important staple food crops,providing approximately 20%of human caloric intake(Cheng et al.,2024).The development of modern highyield wheat varieties requires a semi-dwarf plant architecture,as reduced plant height improves lodging resistance and harvest index,thereby enhancing yield potential and stability.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.5176114504&61725401 and 51702107)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0700702)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M632843)The authors thank the Analytical and Testing Center of HU ST and the facility support of the Center for Nanoscale Characterization and Devices,WNLO.The work at Tokyo Institute of Technology was conducted under the Tokodai Institute for Element Strategy(TIES)funded by the MEXT Elements Strategy Initiative to Form Core Research Center.
文摘Lead halide perovskites,with high photoluminescence efficiency and narrow・band emission,are promising materials for display and lighting.However,the lead toxicity and environmental sensitivity hinder their potential applications.Herein,a new antimony・doped lead-free inorganic perovskites variant Cs2SnCl6:xSb is designed and synthesized.The perovskite variant Cs2SnCl6:xSb exhibits a broadband orange-red emission,with a photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 37%.The photoluminescence of Cs2SnCl6:xSb is caused by the ionoluminescence of Sb3+within Cs2SnCl6 matrix,which is verified by temperature dependent photoluminescence(PL)and PL decay measurements.In addition,the all inorganic structure renders Cs2SnCl6:xSb with excellent thermal and water stability.Finally,a white light-emitting diode(white-LED)is fabricated by assembling Cs2SnCl6:0.59%Sb,Cs2SnCl6:2.75%Bi and Ba2Sr2SiO4:Eu2+onto the commercial UV LED chips,and the color rendering index(CRI)reaches 81.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2021YFF1000703-03)the Research Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of CAU,China(2021TC116)the grant from Guangdong VTR Biotechnology Co.,Ltd(2017DR05,Guangdong,China).
文摘Butyrate and its derivatives possess various nutritional and biological benefits for mammals,whereas its effects on dairy calves have not been well characterized.This study evaluated the effects of tributyrin administration on blood immune,intestinal immune and barrier functions,and microbial composition of pre-weaned dairy calves.Twenty newborn Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned into a control group(no tributyrin supplementation,CON;n=10)or a treatment group(supplemented with tributyrin at 2 g/L of milk,TRB;n=10).The results showed that diarrhea frequency was decreased significantly by tributyrin administration from d 29 to 56(P<0.001)and the whole period(P=0.003,d 1 to 56)though no significant effects were observed on growth performance.For blood metabolites,tributyrin administration significantly reduced the concentration of interleukin-1b(IL-1b)on d 28(P=0.001)and tended to reduce the concentration of serum amyloid A on d 56(P=0.079),whereas serum oxidative status parameters were not affected.For intestinal development,tributyrin administration increased the villus height(P<0.001)and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(P=0.046)in the jejunum,and the villus height in the ileum(P=0.074).Furthermore,toll-like receptor 2(TRL2,P=0.045)and IL-1b(P=0.088)gene expressions were downregulated,while claudin-4(P=0.022)gene expression was upregulated in the jejunum following tributyrin administration.In the ileum,claudin-4(P=0.029)and G-protein coupled receptor 41(P=0.019)gene expressions were upregulated in the TRB group compared to CON.No significantly higher abundances of microbiota were found in the jejunum or ileum of calves in the CON group.In the TRB group,supplementing tributyrin significantly increased the abundance of shortchain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria,including Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Prevotella and Rikenellaceae(LDA>3.5,P<0.05),which was negatively associated with inflammatory gene expression(TLR2 and IL-1b)but positively associated with intestinal barrier genes(claudin-4)and morphological parameters(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplementing tributyrin in milk replacer could improve intestinal development and health of pre-weaned dairy calves by stimulating SCFA-producing bacteria colonization,enhancing intestinal barrier functions and suppressing inflammatory responses.
