Objective The objective of our study was to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness(VE)of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine(RV5)among<5-year-old children in three provinces of China during 2020-2024 via a propensity sco...Objective The objective of our study was to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness(VE)of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine(RV5)among<5-year-old children in three provinces of China during 2020-2024 via a propensity score-matched test-negative case-control study.Methods Electronic health records and immunization information systems were used to obtain data on acute gastroenteritis(AGE)cases tested for rotavirus(RV)infection.RV-positive cases were propensity score matched with RV-negative controls for age,visit month,and province.Results The study included 27,472 children with AGE aged 8 weeks to 4 years at the time of AGE diagnosis;7.98%(2,192)were RV-positive.The VE(95%confidence interval,CI)of 1-2 and 3 doses of RV5 against any medically attended RV infection(inpatient or outpatient)was 57.6%(39.8%,70.2%)and 67.2%(60.3%,72.9%),respectively.Among children who received the 3rd dose before turning 5 months of age,3-dose VE decreased from 70.4%(53.9%,81.1%)(<5 months since the 3rd dose)to 63.0%(49.1%,73.0%)(≥1 year since the 3rd dose).The three-dose VE rate was 69.4%(41.3%,84.0%)for RVGE hospitalization and 57.5%(38.9%,70.5%)for outpatient-only medically attended RVGE.Conclusion Three-dose RV5 VE against rotavirus gastroenteritis(RVGE)in children aged<5 years was higher than 1-2-dose VE.Three-dose VE decreased with time since the 3rd dose in children who received the 3rd dose before turning five months of age,but remained above 60%for at least one year.VE was higher for RVGE hospitalizations than for medically attended outpatient visits.展开更多
The catalytic cracking of bio-oil is important to produce aromatic hydrocarbons,which can partially replace gasoline or diesel to greatly reduce carbon emissions from transportation.To further promote the formation of...The catalytic cracking of bio-oil is important to produce aromatic hydrocarbons,which can partially replace gasoline or diesel to greatly reduce carbon emissions from transportation.To further promote the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons,this work studied the effects of the preparation method and the acid strength of Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 on catalytic cracking of the bio-oil distilled fraction systematically.The preparation method of Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 had an important effect on its catalytic activity:the Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 prepared by physical mixing showed the low dispersion of active phases and poor pore structure,resulting in its insufficient activity and severe coke deposition;the Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 prepared by precipitation exhibited the higher activity,while many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons unfavorable for the subsequent utilization were in the oil phase;the Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 prepared by impregnation showed the highest activity and 35.5%(mass)selectivity of the oil phase,including 80.3%monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 12.0%polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.The Brønsted acidity of Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 decreased with Si/Al ratio,leading to the decline in reactant conversion,oil phase selectivity and quality.Meanwhile,the polymerization between monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates was promoted to produce many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and even coke,causing catalyst deactivation.展开更多
基金the Study on Vaccine Application Evaluation Strategies and Capacity Building (INV-006373)the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFC2310604)
文摘Objective The objective of our study was to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness(VE)of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine(RV5)among<5-year-old children in three provinces of China during 2020-2024 via a propensity score-matched test-negative case-control study.Methods Electronic health records and immunization information systems were used to obtain data on acute gastroenteritis(AGE)cases tested for rotavirus(RV)infection.RV-positive cases were propensity score matched with RV-negative controls for age,visit month,and province.Results The study included 27,472 children with AGE aged 8 weeks to 4 years at the time of AGE diagnosis;7.98%(2,192)were RV-positive.The VE(95%confidence interval,CI)of 1-2 and 3 doses of RV5 against any medically attended RV infection(inpatient or outpatient)was 57.6%(39.8%,70.2%)and 67.2%(60.3%,72.9%),respectively.Among children who received the 3rd dose before turning 5 months of age,3-dose VE decreased from 70.4%(53.9%,81.1%)(<5 months since the 3rd dose)to 63.0%(49.1%,73.0%)(≥1 year since the 3rd dose).The three-dose VE rate was 69.4%(41.3%,84.0%)for RVGE hospitalization and 57.5%(38.9%,70.5%)for outpatient-only medically attended RVGE.Conclusion Three-dose RV5 VE against rotavirus gastroenteritis(RVGE)in children aged<5 years was higher than 1-2-dose VE.Three-dose VE decreased with time since the 3rd dose in children who received the 3rd dose before turning five months of age,but remained above 60%for at least one year.VE was higher for RVGE hospitalizations than for medically attended outpatient visits.
基金This work was supported by the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51621005).
文摘The catalytic cracking of bio-oil is important to produce aromatic hydrocarbons,which can partially replace gasoline or diesel to greatly reduce carbon emissions from transportation.To further promote the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons,this work studied the effects of the preparation method and the acid strength of Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 on catalytic cracking of the bio-oil distilled fraction systematically.The preparation method of Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 had an important effect on its catalytic activity:the Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 prepared by physical mixing showed the low dispersion of active phases and poor pore structure,resulting in its insufficient activity and severe coke deposition;the Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 prepared by precipitation exhibited the higher activity,while many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons unfavorable for the subsequent utilization were in the oil phase;the Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 prepared by impregnation showed the highest activity and 35.5%(mass)selectivity of the oil phase,including 80.3%monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 12.0%polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.The Brønsted acidity of Ga_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 decreased with Si/Al ratio,leading to the decline in reactant conversion,oil phase selectivity and quality.Meanwhile,the polymerization between monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates was promoted to produce many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and even coke,causing catalyst deactivation.
