Escherichia coli is a prevalent causative pathogen of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP).In this retrospective study,we investigated the microbiological characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of E.coli clin...Escherichia coli is a prevalent causative pathogen of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP).In this retrospective study,we investigated the microbiological characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of E.coli clinical isolates obtained from liver cirrhosis patients suffering from nosocomial SBP.Our results showed that extended-spectrum b-lactamase(ESBL)-producing E.coli accounted for 47%of the cases,while 62%of the isolates were multi-drug resistant(MDR)pathogens.ESBL-producing and MDR isolates showed high incidences of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins,but they displayed susceptibility to carbapenems,b-lactamase inhibitors,and aminoglycosides.Importantly,liver cirrhosis patients with MDR E.coli SBP showed a significantly higher death rate than patients with non-MDR infections(P=0.021).The 30-day mortality of nosocomial SBP was independently correlated with female gender[odds ratio(OR)=5.200,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.194–22.642],liver failure(OR=9.609,95%CI=1.914–48.225),hepatocellular carcinoma(OR=8.176,95%CI=2.065–32.364),hepatic encephalopathy(OR=8.176,95%CI=2.065–32.364),model of end-stage liver disease score(OR=1.191,95%CI=1.053–1.346),white blood cell count(OR=0.847,95%CI=0.737–0.973),and ascites polymorphonuclear(OR=95.903,95%CI=3.410–2697.356).In conclusion,third-generation cephalosporins may be inappropriate for empiric treatment of nosocomial SBP caused by E.coli,due to the widespread presence of ESBLs and high incidence of MDR pathogens.展开更多
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons,with a median survival of 3–5 years[1].The key challenge in diagnosis lies in the early detection of...Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons,with a median survival of 3–5 years[1].The key challenge in diagnosis lies in the early detection of upper motor neuron(UMN)impairment,which mainly depends on clinical examination but can be obscured by severe lower motor neuron(LMN)impairment[2].Consequently,searching for alternative UMN impairment markers has become a critical focus of ALS research.展开更多
Graphene, a two-dimensional material with outstanding electrical and mechanical properties, has attracted considerable attention in the field of semiconductor technologies due to its potential use as a buffer layer fo...Graphene, a two-dimensional material with outstanding electrical and mechanical properties, has attracted considerable attention in the field of semiconductor technologies due to its potential use as a buffer layer for the epitaxial Ⅲ-nitride growth. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene on various insulating substrates for the nitride epitaxy, which offers a facile, inexpensive, and easily scalable methodology. However, certain challenges are still present in the form of producing high-quality graphene and achieving optimal interface compatibility with Ⅲ-nitride materials.In this review, we provide an overview of the bottlenecks associated with the transferred graphene fabrication techniques and the state-of-the-art techniques for the transfer-free graphene growth. The present contribution highlights the current progress in the transfer-free graphene growth on different insulating substrates, including sapphire, quartz, SiO_(2)/Si, and discusses the potential applications of transfer-free graphene in the Ⅲ-nitride epitaxy. Finally, it includes the prospects of the transfer-free graphene growth for the Ⅲ-nitride epitaxy and the challenges that should be overcome to realize its full potential in this field.展开更多
基金the Special Fund of the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Municipal Administration(Grant number:XXZ0403).
文摘Escherichia coli is a prevalent causative pathogen of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP).In this retrospective study,we investigated the microbiological characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of E.coli clinical isolates obtained from liver cirrhosis patients suffering from nosocomial SBP.Our results showed that extended-spectrum b-lactamase(ESBL)-producing E.coli accounted for 47%of the cases,while 62%of the isolates were multi-drug resistant(MDR)pathogens.ESBL-producing and MDR isolates showed high incidences of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins,but they displayed susceptibility to carbapenems,b-lactamase inhibitors,and aminoglycosides.Importantly,liver cirrhosis patients with MDR E.coli SBP showed a significantly higher death rate than patients with non-MDR infections(P=0.021).The 30-day mortality of nosocomial SBP was independently correlated with female gender[odds ratio(OR)=5.200,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.194–22.642],liver failure(OR=9.609,95%CI=1.914–48.225),hepatocellular carcinoma(OR=8.176,95%CI=2.065–32.364),hepatic encephalopathy(OR=8.176,95%CI=2.065–32.364),model of end-stage liver disease score(OR=1.191,95%CI=1.053–1.346),white blood cell count(OR=0.847,95%CI=0.737–0.973),and ascites polymorphonuclear(OR=95.903,95%CI=3.410–2697.356).In conclusion,third-generation cephalosporins may be inappropriate for empiric treatment of nosocomial SBP caused by E.coli,due to the widespread presence of ESBLs and high incidence of MDR pathogens.
文摘Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons,with a median survival of 3–5 years[1].The key challenge in diagnosis lies in the early detection of upper motor neuron(UMN)impairment,which mainly depends on clinical examination but can be obscured by severe lower motor neuron(LMN)impairment[2].Consequently,searching for alternative UMN impairment markers has become a critical focus of ALS research.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0708204)National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2188101)+1 种基金Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(BK20211503)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2022ZB595)。
文摘Graphene, a two-dimensional material with outstanding electrical and mechanical properties, has attracted considerable attention in the field of semiconductor technologies due to its potential use as a buffer layer for the epitaxial Ⅲ-nitride growth. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene on various insulating substrates for the nitride epitaxy, which offers a facile, inexpensive, and easily scalable methodology. However, certain challenges are still present in the form of producing high-quality graphene and achieving optimal interface compatibility with Ⅲ-nitride materials.In this review, we provide an overview of the bottlenecks associated with the transferred graphene fabrication techniques and the state-of-the-art techniques for the transfer-free graphene growth. The present contribution highlights the current progress in the transfer-free graphene growth on different insulating substrates, including sapphire, quartz, SiO_(2)/Si, and discusses the potential applications of transfer-free graphene in the Ⅲ-nitride epitaxy. Finally, it includes the prospects of the transfer-free graphene growth for the Ⅲ-nitride epitaxy and the challenges that should be overcome to realize its full potential in this field.
