Photothermal synergistic catalytic systems for treating volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have attracted signif-icant attention due to their energy efficiency and potential to reduce carbon emissions.However,the mechani...Photothermal synergistic catalytic systems for treating volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have attracted signif-icant attention due to their energy efficiency and potential to reduce carbon emissions.However,the mechanism underlying the synergistic reaction remains a critical issue.This study introduces a photothermal synergistic system for the removal of ethyl acetate(EA)by synthesizing Cu-doped OMS-2(denoted as Cu-OMS-2).Under ultraviolet-visible(UV–Vis)irradiation in a flow system,the Cu-OMS-2 catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced performance in the EA degradation process,nearly doubling the effectiveness of pure OMS-2,and increasing carbon dioxide yield by 20%.This exceptional performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of increased oxygen vacancies(OV)at OMS-2 active sites and Cu doping,as confirmed by H2-TPR,O_(2)-TPD,and CO consump-tion measurements.This study clarifies the catalytic mechanism of light-assisted thermocatalysis and offers a novel strategy for designing photothermal catalysts with homogeneous Cu-doped nanorods for VOC removal.展开更多
Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selec...Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selected schoolchildren were divided into three groups according to their iron status. Iron status including hemoglobin （Hb）, serum ferritin （SF）, serum iron （SI） and sTfR was determined. Physical performance tests included maximum oxygen consumption （VO2max） and maximum work time. Energy expenditure （EE） and daily physical activity were estimated by recording 24-h heart rate （HR）. Dietary intake was assessed with frequency questionnaires, and physical activity level was estimated with frequency and physical activity questionnaires. Results Severe iron deficiency （IDA） impaired the aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. When fat-free mass （FFM） was considered, VO2max （VO2max/FFM） was significantly lower in the iron-marginal group than in the iron-adequate groups among girls （P=0.02）, but such a deference was not found among boys （P=0.28）. Aerobic activity and EE at leisure were significantly lower in the severe iron deficient group than in the marginal iron deficient and iron adequate groups. Net HR at leisure time was correlated with lib, log SF, body weight, and FFM （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The functional effect of iron deficiency on physical performance and habitual physical activity rely on the degree of current iron deficiency. Severe iron deficiency significantly impairs both aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. Iron-marginal deficiency impairs VO2max/FFM in girls, rather than in boys.展开更多
Generating dynamically feasible trajectory for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in dense obstacle environments remains computationally intractable.This paper proposes a Safe Flight Corridor constrained Sequent...Generating dynamically feasible trajectory for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in dense obstacle environments remains computationally intractable.This paper proposes a Safe Flight Corridor constrained Sequential Convex Programming(SFC-SCP)to improve the computation efficiency and reliability of trajectory generation.SFC-SCP combines the front-end convex polyhedron SFC construction and back-end SCP-based trajectory optimization.A Sparse A^(*)Search(SAS)driven SFC construction method is designed to efficiently generate polyhedron SFC according to the geometric relation among obstacles and collision-free waypoints.Via transforming the nonconvex obstacle-avoidance constraints to linear inequality constraints,SFC can mitigate infeasibility of trajectory planning and reduce computation complexity.Then,SCP casts the nonlinear trajectory optimization subject to SFC into convex programming subproblems to decrease the problem complexity.In addition,a convex optimizer based on interior point method is customized,where the search direction is calculated via successive elimination to further improve efficiency.Simulation experiments on dense obstacle scenarios show that SFC-SCP can generate dynamically feasible safe trajectory rapidly.Comparative studies with state-of-the-art SCP-based methods demonstrate the efficiency and reliability merits of SFC-SCP.Besides,the customized convex optimizer outperforms off-the-shelf optimizers in terms of computation time.展开更多
Ammonia is the cornerstone of modern agriculture,providing a critical nitrogen source for global food production and serving as a key raw material for numerous industrial chemicals.Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction,a...Ammonia is the cornerstone of modern agriculture,providing a critical nitrogen source for global food production and serving as a key raw material for numerous industrial chemicals.Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction,as an environmentally friendly method for synthesizing ammonia,not only mitigates the reliance on current ammonia synthesis processes fed by traditional fossil fuels but also effectively reduces nitrate pollution resulting from agricultural and industrial activities.This review explores the fundamental principles of electrocata lytic nitrate reduction,focusing on the key steps of electron transfer and ammonia formation.Additionally,it summarizes the critical factors influencing the performance and selectivity of the reaction,including the properties of the electrolyte,operating voltage,electrode materials,and design of the electrolytic cell.Further discussion of recent advances in electrocatalysts,including pure metal catalysts,metal oxide catalysts,non-metallic catalysts,and composite catalysts,highlights their significant roles in enhancing both the efficiency and selectivity of electrocata lytic nitrate to ammonia(NRA)reactions.Critical challenges for the industrial NRA trials and further outlooks are outlined to propel this strategy toward real-world applications.Overall,the review provides an in-depth overview and comprehensive understanding of electrocata lytic NRA technology,thereby promoting further advancements and innovations in this domain.展开更多
All-vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies.Conducting an operando quantitative analysis of the polarizations in VFBs under different conditions is essential ...All-vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies.Conducting an operando quantitative analysis of the polarizations in VFBs under different conditions is essential for developing high power density batteries.Here,we employ an operando decoupling method to quantitatively analyze the polarizations in each electrochemical and chemical reaction of VFBs under different catalytic conditions.Results show that the reduction reaction of V^(3+)presents the largest activation polarization,while the reduction reaction of VO_(2)^(+)primarily contributes to concentration polarizations due to the formation of the intermediate product V_(2)O_(3)^(3+).Additionally,it is found that the widely used electrode catalytic methods,incorporating oxygen functional groups and electrodepositing Bi,not only enhance the reaction kinetics but also exacerbate concentration polarizations simultaneously,especially during the discharge process.Specifically,in the battery with the high oxygen-containing electrodes,the negative side still accounts for the majority of activation loss(75.3%)at 200 mA cm^(-2),but it comes down to 36,9% after catalyzing the negative reactions with bismuth.This work provides an effective way to probe the limiting steps in flow batteries under various working conditions and offers insights for effectively enhancing battery performance for future developments.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B often progresses silently toward hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a leading cause of mortality worldwide.Early detection of HCC is crucial,yet challenging.AIM To investigate the role of dyn...BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B often progresses silently toward hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a leading cause of mortality worldwide.Early detection of HCC is crucial,yet challenging.AIM To investigate the role of dynamic changes in alkaline phosphatase to prealbumin ratio(APR)in hepatitis B progression to HCC.METHODS Data from 4843 patients with hepatitis B(January 2015 to January 2024)were analyzed.HCC incidence rates in males and females were compared using the log-rank test.Data were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.The Linear Mixed-Effects Model was applied to track the fluctuation of APR levels over time.Furthermore,Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Survival data was employed to investigate the temporal relationship between APR and HCC risk.RESULTS The incidence of HCC was higher in males.To ensure the model’s normality assumption,this study applied a logarithmic transformation to APR,yielding ratio.Ratio levels were higher in females(t=5.26,P<0.01).A 1-unit increase in ratio correlated with a 2.005-fold higher risk of HCC in males(95%CI:1.653-2.431)and a 2.273-fold higher risk in females(95%CI:1.620-3.190).CONCLUSION Males are more prone to HCC,while females have higher APR levels.Despite no baseline APR link,rising APR indicates a higher HCC risk.展开更多
In this review,we explored the dose-effect relationship of electroacupuncture(EA)analgesia and its stimulus parameters by searching articles on clinical and experimental research of EA analgesia in the past30 years.Th...In this review,we explored the dose-effect relationship of electroacupuncture(EA)analgesia and its stimulus parameters by searching articles on clinical and experimental research of EA analgesia in the past30 years.The impacts on the analgesic effects are discussed in terms of the pulse waveform,frequency,amplitude,wave width,and time effect,as well as parameter combinations,and the optimization of the EA parameters are summarized for the treatment of neuropathic,inflammatory,and cancer pains.It was initially discovered that the distant-dense(D-D)wave(2/15 Hz or 2/100 Hz)and stimulus for 30-45 min were appropriate in the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain,the strong stimulus was applicable to the acute stage of pain(twice a week),while the weak stimulus was for the stable stage(once weekly).The continuous(2 Hz)/D-D wave(2/100 Hz)and moderate/low intensity of stimulus for 30-45 min are preferred in the treatment of neuropathic pain with EA,once daily or every 2 days.Regarding the treatment of cancer pain,EA with continuous(2 Hz or 100 Hz)or D-D wave(2/100 Hz),moderate and low intensity of stimulus for 30-45 min is adopted,once every 2 days.There is a certain rule for the correlation of each parameter and the combination of parameters to ensure an analgesic effect of EA,which should be further explored in future studies.展开更多
Introduction The accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)after neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has been confirmed in clinical nodal stage 1(c N1)patients,and more patients could benefit from axillary surgery de-escalation...Introduction The accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)after neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has been confirmed in clinical nodal stage 1(c N1)patients,and more patients could benefit from axillary surgery de-escalation after NAT(1,2).展开更多
The regulatory processes in developmental biology research are significantly influenced by long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).However,the dynamics of lncRNA expression during human tooth development remain poorly understoo...The regulatory processes in developmental biology research are significantly influenced by long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).However,the dynamics of lncRNA expression during human tooth development remain poorly understood.In this research,we examined the lncRNAs present in the dental epithelium(DE)and dental mesenchyme(DM)at the late bud,cap,and early bell stages of human fetal tooth development through bulk RNA sequencing.Developmental regulators co-expressed with neighboring lncRNAs were significantly enriched in odontogenesis.Specific lncRNAs expressed in the DE and DM,such as PANCR,MIR205HG,DLX6-AS1,and DNM3OS,were identified through a combination of bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell analysis.Further subcluster analysis revealed lncRNAs specifically expressed in important regions of the tooth germ,such as the inner enamel epithelium and coronal dental papilla(CDP).Functionally,we demonstrated that CDP-specific DLX6-AS1 enhanced odontoblastic differentiation in human tooth germ mesenchymal cells and dental pulp stem cells.These findings suggest that lncRNAs could serve as valuable cell markers for tooth development and potential therapeutic targets for tooth regeneration.展开更多
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is an important treatment for esophageal tumors.However,there is still controversy regarding the total dose and fraction dose.The optimal dose and fractionation schedule have not yet been ...BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is an important treatment for esophageal tumors.However,there is still controversy regarding the total dose and fraction dose.The optimal dose and fractionation schedule have not yet been clearly established.Hypofractionated radiotherapy is becoming more popular,but it is unknown whether this is the optimal choice for esophageal tumors.In addition,the appropriate dose per fraction is uncertain.We performed a retrospective study to address these issues.AIM To report the cumulative survival and toxicity associated with the delivered dose escalation and hypofractionation schedule of radiation therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.METHODS Forty-seven patients treated for inoperable locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with helical tomotherapy using different total doses and doses per fraction were enrolled.Toxicity and adverse events were evaluated in all patients to determine the acute and long-term effects according to the Toxicity Criteria of The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Logistic analysis was used to identify the correlation between dose delivered to the primary tumor and the degree of toxicity.In multivariate analysis,all variables were entered in a single step using the method of backward stepwise regression.RESULTS Six patients died of bleeding related to aorto-esophageal fistulization.Four patients died of tracheo-esophageal fistulas,and 7 patients died of local recurrence.The remaining 20 patients died of metastases and multi-organ failure due to organ metastases.The dose of radiation and the dose level were positively correlated with esophageal toxicity,which was much greater with dose escalation and dose level per fraction increase.CONCLUSION Esophageal toxicity can be tolerated below a prescribed radiation dose of 60 Gy and less than 2.3 Gy per fraction.展开更多
Shale gas reservoirs typically contain numerous nanoscale pores,with pore size playing a significant role in influencing the gas behavior.To better understand the related mechanisms,this study employs the Gauge-GEMC m...Shale gas reservoirs typically contain numerous nanoscale pores,with pore size playing a significant role in influencing the gas behavior.To better understand the related mechanisms,this study employs the Gauge-GEMC molecular simulation method to systematically analyze the effects of various pore sizes(5,10,20,and 40 nm)on the phase behavior and dew point pressure of the shale gas reservoir components.The simulation results reveal that when pore sizes are smaller than 40 nm,the dew point pressure increases significantly as the pore size decreases.For instance,the dew point pressure in 5 nmpores is 20.3%higher than undermacroscopic conditions.Additionally,larger hydrocarbon molecules exhibit a tendency to aggregate in smaller pores,particularly in the 5–10 nm range,where the relative concentration of heavy hydrocarbons(C_(4+))increases markedly.Moreover,as the pore size becomes larger,the component distribution gradually aligns with experimental results observed under macroscopic conditions.This study demonstrates that pore effects are more pronounced for smaller sizes,directly influencing the aggregation of heavy hydrocarbons and the rise in dew point pressure.These phenomena could significantly impact the diffusivity of shale gas reservoirs and the recovery of condensate gas.The findings provide new theoretical insights into phase behavior changes in nanopores,offering valuable guidance for optimizing shale gas reservoir extraction strategies.展开更多
High saturation pressure reservoirs experience rapid pressure decline during exploitation,leading to significant changes in crude oil phase behavior and a continuous increase in viscosity after degassing,which adverse...High saturation pressure reservoirs experience rapid pressure decline during exploitation,leading to significant changes in crude oil phase behavior and a continuous increase in viscosity after degassing,which adversely affects oil recovery.This challenge is particularly acute in tight sandstone reservoirs.To optimize the development strategy for such reservoirs,a series of experiments were conducted using core samples from a high saturation tight sandstone reservoir in the JS oilfield.Gas-dissolved crude oil was prepared by mixing wellhead oil and gas samples,enabling the identification of the critical point where viscosity changes as pressure decreases.Oil-water relative permeability experiments under varying viscosities revealed crude oilmobility trends with declining production pressure.Additionally,physical and numerical simulations of water huff-n-puff processeswere performed,while nuclear magnetic resonance methods explored the effects of soaking time on oil-water imbibition.Key findings include the following optimal parameters for water huff-n-puff:(1)initiating the process when formation pressure is 75%of its original level,(2)a soaking time of 48 h,(3)an injection volume of 0.6 pore volumes per cycle,and(4)a 5 MPa pressure reduction per production stage.Numerical simulations further recommend initiating water injection after one year of depletion,with an optimal cumulative injection volume of 18,000 cubic meters,a soaking time of 10 days,and a producing pressure difference of 5 MPa.展开更多
Heat stress,a major challenge in modern agriculture due to global warming,significantly reduces crop productivity.To mitigate its adverse effects on maize yield,it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which heat...Heat stress,a major challenge in modern agriculture due to global warming,significantly reduces crop productivity.To mitigate its adverse effects on maize yield,it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which heat stress impacts reproductive development.This study investigated the impact of heat stress during the 12th leaf(V12)stage,where silk development begins on grain yield formation,using heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant cultivars.Compared to pollen,silks were found to be more vulnerable to heat stress.Heat stress disrupted hormone balance and inhibited hormone signaling transduction pathways in silks,delaying silk emergence from bracts and reducing fertilization and grain yield.The heat-tolerant cultivar maintained silk growth by activating more response pathways,displaying faster hormone responses,and up-regulating hormones.Taken together,we propose that hormones play an essential role in silk development and later fertilization process.展开更多
Background:Preterm birth and neonatal mortality continue to pose significant public health challenges in Ghana.This study explores their temporal trends and associated determinants from 2008 to 2022.Methods:Birth reco...Background:Preterm birth and neonatal mortality continue to pose significant public health challenges in Ghana.This study explores their temporal trends and associated determinants from 2008 to 2022.Methods:Birth record data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys(2008,2014,and 2022)were used to analyse trends and determinants in neonatal mortality and preterm birth aligned with World Health Organization antenatal care(ANC)guidelines using Pearson’s Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression with statistical significance at P<0.05 and 95%confidence intervals(CI).Results:Preterm birth rate and neonatal mortality rate decreased from 13.0%to 9.1%and 27.6 to 23.7 per 1000 live births from 2008 to 2022 respectively.Lack of iron supplementation(odds ratio[OR]1.127,95%CI:1.047 to 1.967)a nutritional intervention maternal assessments(moderate/severe anaemia(OR 1.423,95%CI:1.178 to 2.051),preventive measures(Untreated malaria(OR 1.449,95%CI:1.104 to 2.411)or deworming(OR 1.267,95%CI:0.970 to 1.645)were associated with increased preterm birth risk.Attending<8 ANC visits raised the odds of preterm birth(OR 1.24,95%CI:1.03 to 1.257)and neonatal mortality(OR 1.583,95%CI:1.120 to 2.480).Conclusion:Despite reductions in preterm birth and neonatal mortality rates,substantial gaps in antenatal care remain.Strengthening the implementation of World Health Organization ANC guidelines is critical to reducing preterm birth and neonatal mortality in Ghana.展开更多
In this paper,an adaptive neural backstepping control method based on barrier Lyapunov function is proposed for hypersonic vehicle considering full state constraints.The longitudinal dynamic of hypersonic vehicle can ...In this paper,an adaptive neural backstepping control method based on barrier Lyapunov function is proposed for hypersonic vehicle considering full state constraints.The longitudinal dynamic of hypersonic vehicle can be divided into two subsystems,i.e.,altitude subsystem and velocity subsystem and the controllers are designed with backstepping method,respectively.In the designing process,the radial basis function neural networks are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions of longitudinal dynamic,therefore,the accuracy requirement of hypersonic vehicle model is largely reduced.In order to handle the explosion of complexity issues occurring in the backstepping method,a tracking differentiator is introduced to calculate the differential of virtual control law.The barrier Lyapunov function is constructed to overcome the full system dynamic state constraints and an auxiliary system is designed for overcome the input state saturation issue.The stability is carried out based on Lyapunov theory,and the signals of closed-loop system established are uniformly ultimately bounded.The simulation results show that the controller designed for hypersonic vehicle can guarantee the good tracking performance.展开更多
基金supported by the Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),the Basic Research Project of Science,Education and Industry Integration Pilot Project(No.2022PY047).
文摘Photothermal synergistic catalytic systems for treating volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have attracted signif-icant attention due to their energy efficiency and potential to reduce carbon emissions.However,the mechanism underlying the synergistic reaction remains a critical issue.This study introduces a photothermal synergistic system for the removal of ethyl acetate(EA)by synthesizing Cu-doped OMS-2(denoted as Cu-OMS-2).Under ultraviolet-visible(UV–Vis)irradiation in a flow system,the Cu-OMS-2 catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced performance in the EA degradation process,nearly doubling the effectiveness of pure OMS-2,and increasing carbon dioxide yield by 20%.This exceptional performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of increased oxygen vacancies(OV)at OMS-2 active sites and Cu doping,as confirmed by H2-TPR,O_(2)-TPD,and CO consump-tion measurements.This study clarifies the catalytic mechanism of light-assisted thermocatalysis and offers a novel strategy for designing photothermal catalysts with homogeneous Cu-doped nanorods for VOC removal.
基金funded by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, NFA-CHN-FE-2003-01-00
文摘Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selected schoolchildren were divided into three groups according to their iron status. Iron status including hemoglobin （Hb）, serum ferritin （SF）, serum iron （SI） and sTfR was determined. Physical performance tests included maximum oxygen consumption （VO2max） and maximum work time. Energy expenditure （EE） and daily physical activity were estimated by recording 24-h heart rate （HR）. Dietary intake was assessed with frequency questionnaires, and physical activity level was estimated with frequency and physical activity questionnaires. Results Severe iron deficiency （IDA） impaired the aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. When fat-free mass （FFM） was considered, VO2max （VO2max/FFM） was significantly lower in the iron-marginal group than in the iron-adequate groups among girls （P=0.02）, but such a deference was not found among boys （P=0.28）. Aerobic activity and EE at leisure were significantly lower in the severe iron deficient group than in the marginal iron deficient and iron adequate groups. Net HR at leisure time was correlated with lib, log SF, body weight, and FFM （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The functional effect of iron deficiency on physical performance and habitual physical activity rely on the degree of current iron deficiency. Severe iron deficiency significantly impairs both aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. Iron-marginal deficiency impairs VO2max/FFM in girls, rather than in boys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62203256)。
文摘Generating dynamically feasible trajectory for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in dense obstacle environments remains computationally intractable.This paper proposes a Safe Flight Corridor constrained Sequential Convex Programming(SFC-SCP)to improve the computation efficiency and reliability of trajectory generation.SFC-SCP combines the front-end convex polyhedron SFC construction and back-end SCP-based trajectory optimization.A Sparse A^(*)Search(SAS)driven SFC construction method is designed to efficiently generate polyhedron SFC according to the geometric relation among obstacles and collision-free waypoints.Via transforming the nonconvex obstacle-avoidance constraints to linear inequality constraints,SFC can mitigate infeasibility of trajectory planning and reduce computation complexity.Then,SCP casts the nonlinear trajectory optimization subject to SFC into convex programming subproblems to decrease the problem complexity.In addition,a convex optimizer based on interior point method is customized,where the search direction is calculated via successive elimination to further improve efficiency.Simulation experiments on dense obstacle scenarios show that SFC-SCP can generate dynamically feasible safe trajectory rapidly.Comparative studies with state-of-the-art SCP-based methods demonstrate the efficiency and reliability merits of SFC-SCP.Besides,the customized convex optimizer outperforms off-the-shelf optimizers in terms of computation time.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0120900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52377160)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China National Young Talents Project(GYKP010)Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Program(2023-JCYB-425)Xi’an Jiaotong University Young Top Talents Program。
文摘Ammonia is the cornerstone of modern agriculture,providing a critical nitrogen source for global food production and serving as a key raw material for numerous industrial chemicals.Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction,as an environmentally friendly method for synthesizing ammonia,not only mitigates the reliance on current ammonia synthesis processes fed by traditional fossil fuels but also effectively reduces nitrate pollution resulting from agricultural and industrial activities.This review explores the fundamental principles of electrocata lytic nitrate reduction,focusing on the key steps of electron transfer and ammonia formation.Additionally,it summarizes the critical factors influencing the performance and selectivity of the reaction,including the properties of the electrolyte,operating voltage,electrode materials,and design of the electrolytic cell.Further discussion of recent advances in electrocatalysts,including pure metal catalysts,metal oxide catalysts,non-metallic catalysts,and composite catalysts,highlights their significant roles in enhancing both the efficiency and selectivity of electrocata lytic nitrate to ammonia(NRA)reactions.Critical challenges for the industrial NRA trials and further outlooks are outlined to propel this strategy toward real-world applications.Overall,the review provides an in-depth overview and comprehensive understanding of electrocata lytic NRA technology,thereby promoting further advancements and innovations in this domain.
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2023B0303000002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52206089)+3 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010288,2023B1515120005)the Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen(JCYJ20230807093315033)the Shenzhen Engineering Research Center,Southern University of Science and Technology(No.XMHT20230208003)high level of special funds(G03034K001)。
文摘All-vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies.Conducting an operando quantitative analysis of the polarizations in VFBs under different conditions is essential for developing high power density batteries.Here,we employ an operando decoupling method to quantitatively analyze the polarizations in each electrochemical and chemical reaction of VFBs under different catalytic conditions.Results show that the reduction reaction of V^(3+)presents the largest activation polarization,while the reduction reaction of VO_(2)^(+)primarily contributes to concentration polarizations due to the formation of the intermediate product V_(2)O_(3)^(3+).Additionally,it is found that the widely used electrode catalytic methods,incorporating oxygen functional groups and electrodepositing Bi,not only enhance the reaction kinetics but also exacerbate concentration polarizations simultaneously,especially during the discharge process.Specifically,in the battery with the high oxygen-containing electrodes,the negative side still accounts for the majority of activation loss(75.3%)at 200 mA cm^(-2),but it comes down to 36,9% after catalyzing the negative reactions with bismuth.This work provides an effective way to probe the limiting steps in flow batteries under various working conditions and offers insights for effectively enhancing battery performance for future developments.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B often progresses silently toward hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a leading cause of mortality worldwide.Early detection of HCC is crucial,yet challenging.AIM To investigate the role of dynamic changes in alkaline phosphatase to prealbumin ratio(APR)in hepatitis B progression to HCC.METHODS Data from 4843 patients with hepatitis B(January 2015 to January 2024)were analyzed.HCC incidence rates in males and females were compared using the log-rank test.Data were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.The Linear Mixed-Effects Model was applied to track the fluctuation of APR levels over time.Furthermore,Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Survival data was employed to investigate the temporal relationship between APR and HCC risk.RESULTS The incidence of HCC was higher in males.To ensure the model’s normality assumption,this study applied a logarithmic transformation to APR,yielding ratio.Ratio levels were higher in females(t=5.26,P<0.01).A 1-unit increase in ratio correlated with a 2.005-fold higher risk of HCC in males(95%CI:1.653-2.431)and a 2.273-fold higher risk in females(95%CI:1.620-3.190).CONCLUSION Males are more prone to HCC,while females have higher APR levels.Despite no baseline APR link,rising APR indicates a higher HCC risk.
基金Supported by Key Research Projects on the Modernization of TCM,the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2018YFC1704600).
文摘In this review,we explored the dose-effect relationship of electroacupuncture(EA)analgesia and its stimulus parameters by searching articles on clinical and experimental research of EA analgesia in the past30 years.The impacts on the analgesic effects are discussed in terms of the pulse waveform,frequency,amplitude,wave width,and time effect,as well as parameter combinations,and the optimization of the EA parameters are summarized for the treatment of neuropathic,inflammatory,and cancer pains.It was initially discovered that the distant-dense(D-D)wave(2/15 Hz or 2/100 Hz)and stimulus for 30-45 min were appropriate in the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain,the strong stimulus was applicable to the acute stage of pain(twice a week),while the weak stimulus was for the stable stage(once weekly).The continuous(2 Hz)/D-D wave(2/100 Hz)and moderate/low intensity of stimulus for 30-45 min are preferred in the treatment of neuropathic pain with EA,once daily or every 2 days.Regarding the treatment of cancer pain,EA with continuous(2 Hz or 100 Hz)or D-D wave(2/100 Hz),moderate and low intensity of stimulus for 30-45 min is adopted,once every 2 days.There is a certain rule for the correlation of each parameter and the combination of parameters to ensure an analgesic effect of EA,which should be further explored in future studies.
文摘Introduction The accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)after neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has been confirmed in clinical nodal stage 1(c N1)patients,and more patients could benefit from axillary surgery de-escalation after NAT(1,2).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFA1104401)Beijing Municipal Government grant(Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health,PXM2021-014226-000041)+3 种基金Beijing Municipal Govemment(Beijing Scholar Program,PXM2021-014226-000020)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030031,92149301,81991504,L2224038,82270945)Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital,Capital Medical University(CXTD202201)Chinese Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration,Academy of Medical Sciences(2019-12M-5-031).
文摘The regulatory processes in developmental biology research are significantly influenced by long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).However,the dynamics of lncRNA expression during human tooth development remain poorly understood.In this research,we examined the lncRNAs present in the dental epithelium(DE)and dental mesenchyme(DM)at the late bud,cap,and early bell stages of human fetal tooth development through bulk RNA sequencing.Developmental regulators co-expressed with neighboring lncRNAs were significantly enriched in odontogenesis.Specific lncRNAs expressed in the DE and DM,such as PANCR,MIR205HG,DLX6-AS1,and DNM3OS,were identified through a combination of bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell analysis.Further subcluster analysis revealed lncRNAs specifically expressed in important regions of the tooth germ,such as the inner enamel epithelium and coronal dental papilla(CDP).Functionally,we demonstrated that CDP-specific DLX6-AS1 enhanced odontoblastic differentiation in human tooth germ mesenchymal cells and dental pulp stem cells.These findings suggest that lncRNAs could serve as valuable cell markers for tooth development and potential therapeutic targets for tooth regeneration.
文摘BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is an important treatment for esophageal tumors.However,there is still controversy regarding the total dose and fraction dose.The optimal dose and fractionation schedule have not yet been clearly established.Hypofractionated radiotherapy is becoming more popular,but it is unknown whether this is the optimal choice for esophageal tumors.In addition,the appropriate dose per fraction is uncertain.We performed a retrospective study to address these issues.AIM To report the cumulative survival and toxicity associated with the delivered dose escalation and hypofractionation schedule of radiation therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.METHODS Forty-seven patients treated for inoperable locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with helical tomotherapy using different total doses and doses per fraction were enrolled.Toxicity and adverse events were evaluated in all patients to determine the acute and long-term effects according to the Toxicity Criteria of The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Logistic analysis was used to identify the correlation between dose delivered to the primary tumor and the degree of toxicity.In multivariate analysis,all variables were entered in a single step using the method of backward stepwise regression.RESULTS Six patients died of bleeding related to aorto-esophageal fistulization.Four patients died of tracheo-esophageal fistulas,and 7 patients died of local recurrence.The remaining 20 patients died of metastases and multi-organ failure due to organ metastases.The dose of radiation and the dose level were positively correlated with esophageal toxicity,which was much greater with dose escalation and dose level per fraction increase.CONCLUSION Esophageal toxicity can be tolerated below a prescribed radiation dose of 60 Gy and less than 2.3 Gy per fraction.
基金financially supported by the Hubei Province Education Department of China(Project Name:Research on the Formation Mechanism and Microscopic Characteristics of Tight Dolomite Reservoirs in Salt Lake Basins:A Case Study of the Xingouzui Formation in the Jianghan Basin,Grant No.B2020032).
文摘Shale gas reservoirs typically contain numerous nanoscale pores,with pore size playing a significant role in influencing the gas behavior.To better understand the related mechanisms,this study employs the Gauge-GEMC molecular simulation method to systematically analyze the effects of various pore sizes(5,10,20,and 40 nm)on the phase behavior and dew point pressure of the shale gas reservoir components.The simulation results reveal that when pore sizes are smaller than 40 nm,the dew point pressure increases significantly as the pore size decreases.For instance,the dew point pressure in 5 nmpores is 20.3%higher than undermacroscopic conditions.Additionally,larger hydrocarbon molecules exhibit a tendency to aggregate in smaller pores,particularly in the 5–10 nm range,where the relative concentration of heavy hydrocarbons(C_(4+))increases markedly.Moreover,as the pore size becomes larger,the component distribution gradually aligns with experimental results observed under macroscopic conditions.This study demonstrates that pore effects are more pronounced for smaller sizes,directly influencing the aggregation of heavy hydrocarbons and the rise in dew point pressure.These phenomena could significantly impact the diffusivity of shale gas reservoirs and the recovery of condensate gas.The findings provide new theoretical insights into phase behavior changes in nanopores,offering valuable guidance for optimizing shale gas reservoir extraction strategies.
基金supported by the Innovation Fund of China National Petroleum Corporation(2020D-5007-0209).
文摘High saturation pressure reservoirs experience rapid pressure decline during exploitation,leading to significant changes in crude oil phase behavior and a continuous increase in viscosity after degassing,which adversely affects oil recovery.This challenge is particularly acute in tight sandstone reservoirs.To optimize the development strategy for such reservoirs,a series of experiments were conducted using core samples from a high saturation tight sandstone reservoir in the JS oilfield.Gas-dissolved crude oil was prepared by mixing wellhead oil and gas samples,enabling the identification of the critical point where viscosity changes as pressure decreases.Oil-water relative permeability experiments under varying viscosities revealed crude oilmobility trends with declining production pressure.Additionally,physical and numerical simulations of water huff-n-puff processeswere performed,while nuclear magnetic resonance methods explored the effects of soaking time on oil-water imbibition.Key findings include the following optimal parameters for water huff-n-puff:(1)initiating the process when formation pressure is 75%of its original level,(2)a soaking time of 48 h,(3)an injection volume of 0.6 pore volumes per cycle,and(4)a 5 MPa pressure reduction per production stage.Numerical simulations further recommend initiating water injection after one year of depletion,with an optimal cumulative injection volume of 18,000 cubic meters,a soaking time of 10 days,and a producing pressure difference of 5 MPa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071959)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2303304)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(LJNY202103)the Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT02-08)to Peng Liu.
文摘Heat stress,a major challenge in modern agriculture due to global warming,significantly reduces crop productivity.To mitigate its adverse effects on maize yield,it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which heat stress impacts reproductive development.This study investigated the impact of heat stress during the 12th leaf(V12)stage,where silk development begins on grain yield formation,using heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant cultivars.Compared to pollen,silks were found to be more vulnerable to heat stress.Heat stress disrupted hormone balance and inhibited hormone signaling transduction pathways in silks,delaying silk emergence from bracts and reducing fertilization and grain yield.The heat-tolerant cultivar maintained silk growth by activating more response pathways,displaying faster hormone responses,and up-regulating hormones.Taken together,we propose that hormones play an essential role in silk development and later fertilization process.
文摘Background:Preterm birth and neonatal mortality continue to pose significant public health challenges in Ghana.This study explores their temporal trends and associated determinants from 2008 to 2022.Methods:Birth record data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys(2008,2014,and 2022)were used to analyse trends and determinants in neonatal mortality and preterm birth aligned with World Health Organization antenatal care(ANC)guidelines using Pearson’s Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression with statistical significance at P<0.05 and 95%confidence intervals(CI).Results:Preterm birth rate and neonatal mortality rate decreased from 13.0%to 9.1%and 27.6 to 23.7 per 1000 live births from 2008 to 2022 respectively.Lack of iron supplementation(odds ratio[OR]1.127,95%CI:1.047 to 1.967)a nutritional intervention maternal assessments(moderate/severe anaemia(OR 1.423,95%CI:1.178 to 2.051),preventive measures(Untreated malaria(OR 1.449,95%CI:1.104 to 2.411)or deworming(OR 1.267,95%CI:0.970 to 1.645)were associated with increased preterm birth risk.Attending<8 ANC visits raised the odds of preterm birth(OR 1.24,95%CI:1.03 to 1.257)and neonatal mortality(OR 1.583,95%CI:1.120 to 2.480).Conclusion:Despite reductions in preterm birth and neonatal mortality rates,substantial gaps in antenatal care remain.Strengthening the implementation of World Health Organization ANC guidelines is critical to reducing preterm birth and neonatal mortality in Ghana.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61903374).
文摘In this paper,an adaptive neural backstepping control method based on barrier Lyapunov function is proposed for hypersonic vehicle considering full state constraints.The longitudinal dynamic of hypersonic vehicle can be divided into two subsystems,i.e.,altitude subsystem and velocity subsystem and the controllers are designed with backstepping method,respectively.In the designing process,the radial basis function neural networks are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions of longitudinal dynamic,therefore,the accuracy requirement of hypersonic vehicle model is largely reduced.In order to handle the explosion of complexity issues occurring in the backstepping method,a tracking differentiator is introduced to calculate the differential of virtual control law.The barrier Lyapunov function is constructed to overcome the full system dynamic state constraints and an auxiliary system is designed for overcome the input state saturation issue.The stability is carried out based on Lyapunov theory,and the signals of closed-loop system established are uniformly ultimately bounded.The simulation results show that the controller designed for hypersonic vehicle can guarantee the good tracking performance.
