Spanning three decades,Prof.Han-jie Guo's research group has dedicated itself to exploring the fundamental theories and practical applications of physical chemistry within the realm of metallurgy.Operating under t...Spanning three decades,Prof.Han-jie Guo's research group has dedicated itself to exploring the fundamental theories and practical applications of physical chemistry within the realm of metallurgy.Operating under the assumption that molecular entities and complexes persist in liquid states,the team has unearthed pivotal insights.展开更多
Microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties of the extruded Mg-2.49Nd-1.82Gd-0.2Zn-0.2Zr alloy were investigated at different extrusion temperatures(260 and 320℃),extrusion ratios(10:1,15:1,and 30:1),and extrusi...Microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties of the extruded Mg-2.49Nd-1.82Gd-0.2Zn-0.2Zr alloy were investigated at different extrusion temperatures(260 and 320℃),extrusion ratios(10:1,15:1,and 30:1),and extrusion speeds(3 and 6 mm/s).The experimental results exhibited that the grain sizes after extrusion were much finer than that of the homogenized alloy,and the second phase showed streamline distribution along the extrusion direction(ED).With extrusion temperature increased from 260 to 320℃,the microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties of alloys changed slightly.The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)degree and grain sizes enhanced as the extrusion ratio increased from 10:1 to 30:1,and the strength gradually decreased but elongation(EL)increased.With the extrusion speed increased from 3 to 6 mm/s,the grain sizes and DRX degree increased significantly,and the samples presented the typical<2111>-<1123>rare-earth(RE)textures.The alloy extruded at 260℃ with extrusion ratio of 10:1 and extrusion speed of 3 mm/s showed the tensile yield strength(TYS)of 213 MPa and EL of 30.6%.After quantitatively analyzing the contribution of strengthening mechanisms,it was found that the grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening played major roles among strengthening contributions.These results provide some guidelines for enlarging the industrial application of extruded Mg-RE alloy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early detection of esophageal squamous neoplasms(ESN)is essential for improving patient prognosis.Optical diagnosis of ESN remains challenging.Probebased confocal laser endomicroscopy(pCLE)enables accurate ...BACKGROUND Early detection of esophageal squamous neoplasms(ESN)is essential for improving patient prognosis.Optical diagnosis of ESN remains challenging.Probebased confocal laser endomicroscopy(pCLE)enables accurate in vivo histological observation and optical biopsy of ESN.However,interpretation of pCLE images requires histopathological expertise and extensive training.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been widely applied in digestive endoscopy;however,AI for pCLE diagnosis of ESN has not been reported.AIM To develop a pCLE computer-aided diagnostic system for ESN and assess its diagnostic performance and assistant efficiency for nonexpert endoscopists.METHODS The intelligent confocal laser endomicroscopy(iCLE)system consists of image recognition(based on inception-ResNet V2),video diagnosis,and quality judgment modules.This system was developed using pCLE images and videos and evaluated through image and prospective video recognition tests.Patients between June 2020 and January 2023 were prospectively enrolled.Expert and nonexpert endoscopists and the iCLE independently performed diagnoses for pCLE videos,with histopathology as the gold standard.Thereafter,the non-expert endoscopists performed a second assessment with iCLE assistance.RESULTS A total of 25056 images from 2803 patients were selected for iCLE training and validation.Another 2442 images from 226 patients were used for testing.iCLE achieved a high accuracy of 98.3%,sensitivity of 95.3%and specificity of 98.8%for diagnosing ESN images.A total of 2581 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal pCLE examination and were prospectively screened;54 patients with suspected ESN were enrolled.Overall,187 videos from 67 lesions were assessed by iCLE,three nonexpert and three expert endoscopists.iCLE achieved a high accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of 90.9%,92.0%,and 90.2%,respectively.Compared to experts,iCLE showed significantly higher sensitivity(92.0%vs 80.4%;P<0.001)and negative predictive value(94.4%vs 87.7%;P=0.003).With iCLE assistance,nonexpert endoscopists showed significant improvements in accuracy(from 83.6%to 88.6%)and sensitivity(from 76.0%to 89.8%).CONCLUSION iCLE system demonstrated high diagnostic performance for ESN.It can assist nonexpert endoscopists in improving the diagnostic efficiency of pCLE for ESN and has the potential for reducing unnecessary biopsies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a global health burden that affects millions of individuals worldwide,necessitating extensive patient education.Large language models(LLMs)hold promise for addressing patie...BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a global health burden that affects millions of individuals worldwide,necessitating extensive patient education.Large language models(LLMs)hold promise for addressing patient information needs.However,LLM use to deliver accurate and comprehensible IBD-related medical information has yet to be thoroughly investigated.AIM To assess the utility of three LLMs(ChatGPT-4.0,Claude-3-Opus,and Gemini-1.5-Pro)as a reference point for patients with IBD.METHODS In this comparative study,two gastroenterology experts generated 15 IBD-related questions that reflected common patient concerns.These questions were used to evaluate the performance of the three LLMs.The answers provided by each model were independently assessed by three IBD-related medical experts using a Likert scale focusing on accuracy,comprehensibility,and correlation.Simultaneously,three patients were invited to evaluate the comprehensibility of their answers.Finally,a readability assessment was performed.RESULTS Overall,each of the LLMs achieved satisfactory levels of accuracy,comprehensibility,and completeness when answering IBD-related questions,although their performance varies.All of the investigated models demonstrated strengths in providing basic disease information such as IBD definition as well as its common symptoms and diagnostic methods.Nevertheless,when dealing with more complex medical advice,such as medication side effects,dietary adjustments,and complication risks,the quality of answers was inconsistent between the LLMs.Notably,Claude-3-Opus generated answers with better readability than the other two models.CONCLUSION LLMs have the potential as educational tools for patients with IBD;however,there are discrepancies between the models.Further optimization and the development of specialized models are necessary to ensure the accuracy and safety of the information provided.展开更多
The rapid proliferation of electric vehicle(EV)charging infrastructure introduces critical cybersecurity vulnerabilities to power grids system.This study presents an innovative anomaly detection framework for EV charg...The rapid proliferation of electric vehicle(EV)charging infrastructure introduces critical cybersecurity vulnerabilities to power grids system.This study presents an innovative anomaly detection framework for EV charging stations,addressing the unique challenges posed by third-party aggregation platforms.Our approach integrates node equations-based on the parameter identification with a novel deep learning model,xDeepCIN,to detect abnormal data reporting indicative of aggregation attacks.We employ a graph-theoretic approach to model EV charging networks and utilize Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques for accurate parameter estimation.The xDeepCIN model,incorporating a Compressed Interaction Network,has the ability to capture complex feature interactions in sparse,high-dimensional charging data.Experimental results on both proprietary and public datasets demonstrate significant improvements in anomaly detection performance,with F1-scores increasing by up to 32.3%for specific anomaly types compared to traditional methods,such as wide&deep and DeepFM(Factorization-Machine).Our framework exhibits robust scalability,effectively handling networks ranging from 8 to 85 charging points.Furthermore,we achieve real-time monitoring capabilities,with parameter identification completing within seconds for networks up to 1000 nodes.This research contributes to enhancing the security and reliability of renewable energy systems against evolving cyber threats,offering a comprehensive solution for safeguarding the rapidly expanding EV charging infrastructure.展开更多
Sodium batteries(SBs)have obtained increasing attention due to their low cost and abundant resources[1].Although SBs are usually viewed to sacrifice energy density,it is still possible for low-cost SBs to achieve a hi...Sodium batteries(SBs)have obtained increasing attention due to their low cost and abundant resources[1].Although SBs are usually viewed to sacrifice energy density,it is still possible for low-cost SBs to achieve a high energy density comparable to corresponding lithium batteries.The anode-free battery does not use anode-active materials,which relies on the electrochemical deposition of alkali metals directly onto the current collector surface.Thus,such kind of battery can achieve higher battery voltage,reduce battery costs,and also increase energy density(Fig.1a)[2].Nevertheless,anode-free batteries usually exhibit poor reversibility and cannot achieve sufficient reversible cycling.展开更多
Signatures of superconductivity near 80 K have recently been discovered in single crystals of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)under pressure,which makes it a new candidate for high-temperature superconductors dominated by 3d transit...Signatures of superconductivity near 80 K have recently been discovered in single crystals of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)under pressure,which makes it a new candidate for high-temperature superconductors dominated by 3d transition elements,following the cuprate and iron-pnictide superconductors.However,there are several critical questions that have been perplexing the scientificommunity:(1)What factors contribute to the inconsistent reproducibility of the experimental results?(2)What is the fundamental nature of pressure-induced superconductivity:bulk or nonbulk(filamentary-like)(3)Where is the superconducting phase located within the sample if it is filamentary-like(4)Is the oxygen content important for the development and stabilization of superconductivity?In this study,we employ comprehensive high-pressure techniques to address these questions.Through our modulated ac susceptibility measurements,we are the firs to fin that the superconductivity in this nickelate is filamentary-like Our scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations suggest that the filamentary-lik superconductivity most likely emerges at the interface between La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)and La_(4)Ni_(3)O_(10)phases.By tuning the oxygen content of polycrystalline La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7),we also fin that it plays vital role in the development and stabilization of superconductivity in this material.The upper and lower bounds on the oxygen content are 7.35 and 6.89,respectively.Our results provide not only new insights into the puzzling issues regarding this material,but also significan information that will enable a better understanding of its superconductivity.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) show great potential in delivering high energy density (>500 Wh/kg) with cycling [1]. The cycling life of LMBs is mainly improved by regulating the composition and structure of solid/...Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) show great potential in delivering high energy density (>500 Wh/kg) with cycling [1]. The cycling life of LMBs is mainly improved by regulating the composition and structure of solid/cathode electrolyte interphase(SEI/CEI) with electrolytes [2]. However, both Li anode and transition metal oxide cathode have high interfacial reactivity at extreme voltages, which highly needs compatible electrolytes.Recently, localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have promisingly stabilized the dual electrodes of high-voltage LMBs[3].展开更多
Metal may affect maternal immune function,but few epidemiological studies have reported the associations between multiple-metal exposure and maternal immunoglobulin(Ig)levels.Based on the Hangzhou Birth Cohort Study,1...Metal may affect maternal immune function,but few epidemiological studies have reported the associations between multiple-metal exposure and maternal immunoglobulin(Ig)levels.Based on the Hangzhou Birth Cohort Study,1059 participants were included,and eleven metals in whole blood samples and serum IgA,IgG,IgE and IgM levels were measured.Linear regression,quantile-based g-computation(QGC),and Bayesian kernel machine regression(BKMR)models were used to evaluate the associations.Compared with the first tertile of metal levels,arsenic(As)was negatively associated with IgE(β=-0.25,95%confidence interval(CI)=-0.48 to-0.02).Moreover,significant associations of manganese(Mn)with IgA,IgG and IgM were demonstrated(β=0.10,95%CI=0.04 to 0.18;β=0.07,95%CI=0.03 to 0.12;β=0.10,95%CI=0.03 to 0.18,respectively).Cadmium(Cd)were associated with higher levels of IgM.QGC models showed the positive association of the metalmixtures with IgA and IgG,with Mn playing amajor role.Mn and Cd had positive contributions to IgM,while As had negative contributions to IgE.In the BKMR models,the latent continuous outcomes of IgA and IgG showed a significant increase when all the metals were at their 60th percentile or above compared to those at their 50th percentile.Therefore,exposure to metals was associated with maternal Igs,and mainly showed that Mn was associated with increased levels of IgA,IgG and IgM,and As was associated with low IgE levels.展开更多
Metal-organic framework materials exhibit considerable potential as molecularly selective surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)substrates because of their microporous structures,which enrich small molecules while e...Metal-organic framework materials exhibit considerable potential as molecularly selective surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)substrates because of their microporous structures,which enrich small molecules while excluding larger ones.In this study,we develop a template-assisted chemical-etching strategy to prepare layered tuneable SERS substrates based on hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(HP-ZIF-67)with a rhombic dodecahedral structure.The synergistic SERS enhancement mechanisms of HP-ZIF-67,which combine electromagnetic(EM)and chemical(CM)effects,were systematically studied through numerical simulations and experiments.Calculations revealed that under 633-nm laser excitation,the contributions of the EM and CM effects to the total SERS enhancement factor of HP-ZIF-67 were 60%and 40%,respectively.The hierarchical porous structure enhanced the fluid-flow flux over the microporous ZIF-67 because the increased pore radius reduced the viscous resistance and facilitated rapid molecular transport through the interconnected macro-meso-channels.Precise modulation of the CM and EM effects,combined with enhanced mass transfer,facilitated the development of HP-ZIF-67and HP-ZIF-67@Au as efficient SERS sensors.An investigation of the relationship between pore-size distribution and EM effects revealed the pivotal role of light confinement by whispering-gallery-mode microcavities in enhancing the SERS performance.The optimised HPZIF-67@Au composites functioned as flexible and highly sensitive in situ SERS sensors for gases and liquids,including volatile organic-compound gas and liquid-pesticide residues.This study introduces a novel design concept and provides a robust theoretical foundation for the future development of exhaled-breath point-of-care diagnostic devices and sweat-based wearable biomedical sensors.展开更多
The effect of rotational-die equal channel angular pressing(RD-ECAP)temperature and deformation route on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pre-extruded Mg-5Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr(wt%)alloys were investigated.Th...The effect of rotational-die equal channel angular pressing(RD-ECAP)temperature and deformation route on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pre-extruded Mg-5Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr(wt%)alloys were investigated.The results indicate that the RD-ECAP updates both theα-Mg texture and long-period stack-ing ordered(LPSO)arrangement in the pre-extruded alloy,while theα-Mg texture is more sensitive to the change of deformation route.The LPSO streamlines modify the anisotropy of mechanical properties of the ECAP alloys via exerting different reinforcing effects and modifying the crack propagation.The lower ECAP temperature of 350℃ rather than 400℃ promotes dynamic precipitation which deteriorates the following ageing-hardening response but conduces to refining theα-Mg grains and preventing a sharp drop in elongation after peak ageing.The 350A peak-aged alloy exhibits the optimal mechanical proper-ties with the average tensile yield strength(TYS)of 311 MPa(S_(TYS)=3.7,S indicates standard deviation)and elongation of 7.6%(S_(EL)=0.7).Its higher strength should mainly be attributed to the finer grain size,and its quasi-isotropic performance should be inherited from the ECAP state induced by the rational arrangement of LPSO phases.展开更多
Imprinted genes play a key role in regulating mammalian placental and embryonic development.Here,we generated glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-knockout(Qpct^(-/-))mice utilizing the clustered regularly interspaced ...Imprinted genes play a key role in regulating mammalian placental and embryonic development.Here,we generated glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-knockout(Qpct^(-/-))mice utilizing the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)platform and identified Qpct as a novel anti-angiogenic factor in regulating mouse placentation.Compared with Qpct^(+/+)mice,placentae and embryos(Qpct^(-/+)and Qpct^(-/-))showed significant overgrowth at embryonic Day 12.5(E12.5),E15.5,and E18.5.Using single-cell transcriptome analysis of 32309 cells from Qpct^(+/+)and Qpct^(-/-)mouse placentae,we identified 13 cell clusters via single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)(8880 Qpct^(+/+)and 13577 Qpct^(-/-)cells)and 20 cell clusters via single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)(6567 Qpct^(+/+)and 3285 Qpct^(-/-)cells).Furthermore,we observed a global up-regulation of pro-angiogenic genes in the Qpct^(-/-)background.Immunohistochemistry assays revealed a notable increase in the number of blood vessels in the decidual and labyrinthine layers of E15.5 Qpct^(-/+)and Qpct^(-/-)mice.Moreover,the elevation of multiple pairs of ligand-receptor interactions was observed in decidual cells,endothelial cells,and macrophages,promoting angiogenesis and inflammatory response.Our findings indicate that loss of maternal Qpct leads to altered phenotypic characteristics of placentae and embryos and promotes angiogenesis in murine placentae.展开更多
Jet pumps often suffer from efficiency losses due to the intense mixing of power and suction fluids,which leads to significant kinetic energy dissipation.Enhancing the efficiency of such pumps requires careful optimiz...Jet pumps often suffer from efficiency losses due to the intense mixing of power and suction fluids,which leads to significant kinetic energy dissipation.Enhancing the efficiency of such pumps requires careful optimization of their structural parameters.In this study,a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model of a hydraulic jet sand-flushing pump is developed to investigate the effects of throat-to-nozzle distance,area ratio,and throat length on the pump’s sand-carrying performance.An orthogonal experimental design is employed to optimize the structural parameters,while the influence of sand characteristics on pumping performance is systematically evaluated.Complementary indoor experiments are used to validate the numerical results,yielding an optimized configuration with a throat-to-nozzle cross-sectional area ratio of 4,a throat length five times the throat diameter,and a throat-to-nozzle distance equal to the nozzle diameter.Under a power fluid flow rate of 1.7 m3/h with this area ratio,the sand-carrying efficiency reaches its peak,achieving a sand transport rate of 290 g/min(6.7 L/h).Comparison of CFD predictions with experimental data across different area ratios demonstrates excellent agreement,with an average relative error of 2.44%and an average absolute error of 3.56%,confirming the reliability of the simulation approach.展开更多
Surface with well-defined components and structures possesses unique electronic,magnetic,optical and chemical properties.As a result,surface chemistry research plays a crucial role in various fields such as catalysis,...Surface with well-defined components and structures possesses unique electronic,magnetic,optical and chemical properties.As a result,surface chemistry research plays a crucial role in various fields such as catalysis,energy,materials,quantum,and microelectronics.Surface science mainly investigates the correspondence between surface property and functionality.Scanning probe microscopy(SPM)techniques are important tools to characterize surface properties because of the capability of atomic-scale imaging,spectroscopy and manipulation at the single-atom level.In this review,we summarize recent advances in surface electronic,magnetic and optical properties characterized mainly by SPM-based methods.We focus on elucidating theπ-magnetism in graphene-based nanostructures,construction of spin qubits on surfaces,topology properties of surface organic structures,STM-based light emission,tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and integration of machine learning in SPM studies.展开更多
Environmental catalysis has been considered one of the important research topics.Some technologies(e.g.,photocatalysis and electrocatalysis)have been intensively developed with the advance of synthetic technologies of...Environmental catalysis has been considered one of the important research topics.Some technologies(e.g.,photocatalysis and electrocatalysis)have been intensively developed with the advance of synthetic technologies of catalytical materials.In 2019,we discussed the development trend of this field,and wrote a roadmap on this topic in Chinese Chemical Letters(30(2019)2065-2088).Nowadays,we discuss it again from a new viewpoint along this road.In this paper,several subtopics are discussed,e.g.,photocatalysis based on titanium dioxide,violet phosphorus,graphitic carbon and covalent organic frameworks,electrocatalysts based on carbon,metal-and covalent-organic framework.Finally,we hope that this roadmap can enrich the development of two-dimensional materials in environmental catalysis with novel understanding,and give useful inspiration to explore new catalysts for practical applications.展开更多
This paper is devoted to proving the polynomial mixing for a weakly damped stochastic nonlinear Schröodinger equation with additive noise on a 1D bounded domain.The noise is white in time and smooth in space.We c...This paper is devoted to proving the polynomial mixing for a weakly damped stochastic nonlinear Schröodinger equation with additive noise on a 1D bounded domain.The noise is white in time and smooth in space.We consider both focusing and defocusing nonlinearities,with exponents of the nonlinearityσ∈[0,2)andσ∈[0,∞),and prove the polynomial mixing which implies the uniqueness of the invariant measure by using a coupling method.In the focusing case,our result generalizes the earlier results in[12],whereσ=1.展开更多
Metabolism is a general term for a series of ordered chemical reactions in an organism used to maintain life,mainly divided into anabolic and catabolic metabolism.Nucleic acid therapy can not only precisely up-regulat...Metabolism is a general term for a series of ordered chemical reactions in an organism used to maintain life,mainly divided into anabolic and catabolic metabolism.Nucleic acid therapy can not only precisely up-regulate and down-regulate the expression of target genes but also correct mutated disease-causing genes,which demonstrates irreplaceable and outstanding advantages in the treatment of metabolismrelated diseases and has been applied to the clinical treatment of metabolism-related diseases.In this review,we introduce the structures of several major nucleic acid drugs and the mechanism of nucleic acid therapy.Subsequently,we describe the mechanisms of various biomolecular and tissue metabolisms and the etiology of metabolic disorders,classified according to metabolic substrates.We analyze the signal pathways and potential targets affecting the metabolism of each substrate and describe the nucleic acid drugs applied to these targets and their delivery technologies.This review aims to provide new ideas and targets for treating these diseases by investigating the role played by metabolism in developing diseases and providing guidance for the selection and design of nucleic acid drugs.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an idiopathic,relapsing,and etiologically complicated chronic inflammatory bowel disease.Despite substantial progress in the management of UC,the outcomes of mucosal barrier repair are unsatis...Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an idiopathic,relapsing,and etiologically complicated chronic inflammatory bowel disease.Despite substantial progress in the management of UC,the outcomes of mucosal barrier repair are unsatisfactory.In this study,phillygenin(PHI)treatment alleviated the symptoms of chronic colitis in mice,including body weight loss,severe disease activity index scores,colon shortening,splenomegaly,oxidative stress,and inflammatory response.In particular,PHI treatment ameliorated the tight junction proteins(TJs)reduction,fibrosis,apoptosis,and intestinal stem cell activity,indicating that PHI exerted beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier in mice with chronic colitis.In the NCM460 cells damage model,dextran sulfate sodium triggered the sequential induction of TJs reduction,fibrosis,and apoptosis.Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5(TGR5)dysfunction mediated NCM460 cell injury.Moreover,PHI treatment enhanced TJs and suppressed fibrosis and apoptosis to maintain NCM460 cell function,depending on TGR5 activation.PHI promoted TGR5 activation and elevated intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in HEK 293T cells transfected with TGR5 expression plasmids.Cellular thermal shift assay and molecular docking studies confirmed that PHI directly binds to TGR5,indicating that PHI is an agonist of TGR5.The process of PERK-eIF2α pathway-mediated endoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+) release was involved in NCM460 cell injury as well,which was associated with TGR5 dysfunction.When NCM460 cells were pretreated with PHI,the PERK-eIF2α pathway and elevated Ca^(2+) levels were blocked.In conclusion,our study demonstrated a novel mechanism that PHI inhibited the PERK-eIF2α-Ca^(2+) pathway through TGR5 activation to against DSS-induced TJs reduction,fibrosis,and apoptosis.展开更多
文摘Spanning three decades,Prof.Han-jie Guo's research group has dedicated itself to exploring the fundamental theories and practical applications of physical chemistry within the realm of metallurgy.Operating under the assumption that molecular entities and complexes persist in liquid states,the team has unearthed pivotal insights.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.2019-VI-0004-0118)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51771152)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1106800)。
文摘Microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties of the extruded Mg-2.49Nd-1.82Gd-0.2Zn-0.2Zr alloy were investigated at different extrusion temperatures(260 and 320℃),extrusion ratios(10:1,15:1,and 30:1),and extrusion speeds(3 and 6 mm/s).The experimental results exhibited that the grain sizes after extrusion were much finer than that of the homogenized alloy,and the second phase showed streamline distribution along the extrusion direction(ED).With extrusion temperature increased from 260 to 320℃,the microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties of alloys changed slightly.The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)degree and grain sizes enhanced as the extrusion ratio increased from 10:1 to 30:1,and the strength gradually decreased but elongation(EL)increased.With the extrusion speed increased from 3 to 6 mm/s,the grain sizes and DRX degree increased significantly,and the samples presented the typical<2111>-<1123>rare-earth(RE)textures.The alloy extruded at 260℃ with extrusion ratio of 10:1 and extrusion speed of 3 mm/s showed the tensile yield strength(TYS)of 213 MPa and EL of 30.6%.After quantitatively analyzing the contribution of strengthening mechanisms,it was found that the grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening played major roles among strengthening contributions.These results provide some guidelines for enlarging the industrial application of extruded Mg-RE alloy.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC2413800the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,No.tsqn202306344the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270580 and No.82070552.
文摘BACKGROUND Early detection of esophageal squamous neoplasms(ESN)is essential for improving patient prognosis.Optical diagnosis of ESN remains challenging.Probebased confocal laser endomicroscopy(pCLE)enables accurate in vivo histological observation and optical biopsy of ESN.However,interpretation of pCLE images requires histopathological expertise and extensive training.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been widely applied in digestive endoscopy;however,AI for pCLE diagnosis of ESN has not been reported.AIM To develop a pCLE computer-aided diagnostic system for ESN and assess its diagnostic performance and assistant efficiency for nonexpert endoscopists.METHODS The intelligent confocal laser endomicroscopy(iCLE)system consists of image recognition(based on inception-ResNet V2),video diagnosis,and quality judgment modules.This system was developed using pCLE images and videos and evaluated through image and prospective video recognition tests.Patients between June 2020 and January 2023 were prospectively enrolled.Expert and nonexpert endoscopists and the iCLE independently performed diagnoses for pCLE videos,with histopathology as the gold standard.Thereafter,the non-expert endoscopists performed a second assessment with iCLE assistance.RESULTS A total of 25056 images from 2803 patients were selected for iCLE training and validation.Another 2442 images from 226 patients were used for testing.iCLE achieved a high accuracy of 98.3%,sensitivity of 95.3%and specificity of 98.8%for diagnosing ESN images.A total of 2581 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal pCLE examination and were prospectively screened;54 patients with suspected ESN were enrolled.Overall,187 videos from 67 lesions were assessed by iCLE,three nonexpert and three expert endoscopists.iCLE achieved a high accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of 90.9%,92.0%,and 90.2%,respectively.Compared to experts,iCLE showed significantly higher sensitivity(92.0%vs 80.4%;P<0.001)and negative predictive value(94.4%vs 87.7%;P=0.003).With iCLE assistance,nonexpert endoscopists showed significant improvements in accuracy(from 83.6%to 88.6%)and sensitivity(from 76.0%to 89.8%).CONCLUSION iCLE system demonstrated high diagnostic performance for ESN.It can assist nonexpert endoscopists in improving the diagnostic efficiency of pCLE for ESN and has the potential for reducing unnecessary biopsies.
基金Supported by the China Health Promotion Foundation Young Doctors'Research Foundation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease,the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,China,No.tsqn202306343National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270578.
文摘BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a global health burden that affects millions of individuals worldwide,necessitating extensive patient education.Large language models(LLMs)hold promise for addressing patient information needs.However,LLM use to deliver accurate and comprehensible IBD-related medical information has yet to be thoroughly investigated.AIM To assess the utility of three LLMs(ChatGPT-4.0,Claude-3-Opus,and Gemini-1.5-Pro)as a reference point for patients with IBD.METHODS In this comparative study,two gastroenterology experts generated 15 IBD-related questions that reflected common patient concerns.These questions were used to evaluate the performance of the three LLMs.The answers provided by each model were independently assessed by three IBD-related medical experts using a Likert scale focusing on accuracy,comprehensibility,and correlation.Simultaneously,three patients were invited to evaluate the comprehensibility of their answers.Finally,a readability assessment was performed.RESULTS Overall,each of the LLMs achieved satisfactory levels of accuracy,comprehensibility,and completeness when answering IBD-related questions,although their performance varies.All of the investigated models demonstrated strengths in providing basic disease information such as IBD definition as well as its common symptoms and diagnostic methods.Nevertheless,when dealing with more complex medical advice,such as medication side effects,dietary adjustments,and complication risks,the quality of answers was inconsistent between the LLMs.Notably,Claude-3-Opus generated answers with better readability than the other two models.CONCLUSION LLMs have the potential as educational tools for patients with IBD;however,there are discrepancies between the models.Further optimization and the development of specialized models are necessary to ensure the accuracy and safety of the information provided.
基金supported by Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Project,grant number J2023124.Jing Guo received this grant,the URLs of sponsors’website is https://kxjst.jiangsu.gov.cn/(accessed on 06 June 2024).
文摘The rapid proliferation of electric vehicle(EV)charging infrastructure introduces critical cybersecurity vulnerabilities to power grids system.This study presents an innovative anomaly detection framework for EV charging stations,addressing the unique challenges posed by third-party aggregation platforms.Our approach integrates node equations-based on the parameter identification with a novel deep learning model,xDeepCIN,to detect abnormal data reporting indicative of aggregation attacks.We employ a graph-theoretic approach to model EV charging networks and utilize Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques for accurate parameter estimation.The xDeepCIN model,incorporating a Compressed Interaction Network,has the ability to capture complex feature interactions in sparse,high-dimensional charging data.Experimental results on both proprietary and public datasets demonstrate significant improvements in anomaly detection performance,with F1-scores increasing by up to 32.3%for specific anomaly types compared to traditional methods,such as wide&deep and DeepFM(Factorization-Machine).Our framework exhibits robust scalability,effectively handling networks ranging from 8 to 85 charging points.Furthermore,we achieve real-time monitoring capabilities,with parameter identification completing within seconds for networks up to 1000 nodes.This research contributes to enhancing the security and reliability of renewable energy systems against evolving cyber threats,offering a comprehensive solution for safeguarding the rapidly expanding EV charging infrastructure.
文摘Sodium batteries(SBs)have obtained increasing attention due to their low cost and abundant resources[1].Although SBs are usually viewed to sacrifice energy density,it is still possible for low-cost SBs to achieve a high energy density comparable to corresponding lithium batteries.The anode-free battery does not use anode-active materials,which relies on the electrochemical deposition of alkali metals directly onto the current collector surface.Thus,such kind of battery can achieve higher battery voltage,reduce battery costs,and also increase energy density(Fig.1a)[2].Nevertheless,anode-free batteries usually exhibit poor reversibility and cannot achieve sufficient reversible cycling.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403900 and 2021YFA1401800)the NSF of China(Grant Nos.U2032214,12122414,12104487,and 12004419)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the CAS(2019008)supported by the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF)。
文摘Signatures of superconductivity near 80 K have recently been discovered in single crystals of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)under pressure,which makes it a new candidate for high-temperature superconductors dominated by 3d transition elements,following the cuprate and iron-pnictide superconductors.However,there are several critical questions that have been perplexing the scientificommunity:(1)What factors contribute to the inconsistent reproducibility of the experimental results?(2)What is the fundamental nature of pressure-induced superconductivity:bulk or nonbulk(filamentary-like)(3)Where is the superconducting phase located within the sample if it is filamentary-like(4)Is the oxygen content important for the development and stabilization of superconductivity?In this study,we employ comprehensive high-pressure techniques to address these questions.Through our modulated ac susceptibility measurements,we are the firs to fin that the superconductivity in this nickelate is filamentary-like Our scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations suggest that the filamentary-lik superconductivity most likely emerges at the interface between La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)and La_(4)Ni_(3)O_(10)phases.By tuning the oxygen content of polycrystalline La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7),we also fin that it plays vital role in the development and stabilization of superconductivity in this material.The upper and lower bounds on the oxygen content are 7.35 and 6.89,respectively.Our results provide not only new insights into the puzzling issues regarding this material,but also significan information that will enable a better understanding of its superconductivity.
文摘Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) show great potential in delivering high energy density (>500 Wh/kg) with cycling [1]. The cycling life of LMBs is mainly improved by regulating the composition and structure of solid/cathode electrolyte interphase(SEI/CEI) with electrolytes [2]. However, both Li anode and transition metal oxide cathode have high interfacial reactivity at extreme voltages, which highly needs compatible electrolytes.Recently, localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have promisingly stabilized the dual electrodes of high-voltage LMBs[3].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20358)Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-Level Innovative Health Talents(No.2020-18).
文摘Metal may affect maternal immune function,but few epidemiological studies have reported the associations between multiple-metal exposure and maternal immunoglobulin(Ig)levels.Based on the Hangzhou Birth Cohort Study,1059 participants were included,and eleven metals in whole blood samples and serum IgA,IgG,IgE and IgM levels were measured.Linear regression,quantile-based g-computation(QGC),and Bayesian kernel machine regression(BKMR)models were used to evaluate the associations.Compared with the first tertile of metal levels,arsenic(As)was negatively associated with IgE(β=-0.25,95%confidence interval(CI)=-0.48 to-0.02).Moreover,significant associations of manganese(Mn)with IgA,IgG and IgM were demonstrated(β=0.10,95%CI=0.04 to 0.18;β=0.07,95%CI=0.03 to 0.12;β=0.10,95%CI=0.03 to 0.18,respectively).Cadmium(Cd)were associated with higher levels of IgM.QGC models showed the positive association of the metalmixtures with IgA and IgG,with Mn playing amajor role.Mn and Cd had positive contributions to IgM,while As had negative contributions to IgE.In the BKMR models,the latent continuous outcomes of IgA and IgG showed a significant increase when all the metals were at their 60th percentile or above compared to those at their 50th percentile.Therefore,exposure to metals was associated with maternal Igs,and mainly showed that Mn was associated with increased levels of IgA,IgG and IgM,and As was associated with low IgE levels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62475128 and 12274055)Youth Innovation Team Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(No.2024KJN016)+1 种基金Research Grants Council of Hong Kong through an ANR/RGC Joint Research Scheme grant(No.A-CityUl01/20)Centre for Functional Photonics of City University of Hong Kong,and Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center(ITC Fund)
文摘Metal-organic framework materials exhibit considerable potential as molecularly selective surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)substrates because of their microporous structures,which enrich small molecules while excluding larger ones.In this study,we develop a template-assisted chemical-etching strategy to prepare layered tuneable SERS substrates based on hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(HP-ZIF-67)with a rhombic dodecahedral structure.The synergistic SERS enhancement mechanisms of HP-ZIF-67,which combine electromagnetic(EM)and chemical(CM)effects,were systematically studied through numerical simulations and experiments.Calculations revealed that under 633-nm laser excitation,the contributions of the EM and CM effects to the total SERS enhancement factor of HP-ZIF-67 were 60%and 40%,respectively.The hierarchical porous structure enhanced the fluid-flow flux over the microporous ZIF-67 because the increased pore radius reduced the viscous resistance and facilitated rapid molecular transport through the interconnected macro-meso-channels.Precise modulation of the CM and EM effects,combined with enhanced mass transfer,facilitated the development of HP-ZIF-67and HP-ZIF-67@Au as efficient SERS sensors.An investigation of the relationship between pore-size distribution and EM effects revealed the pivotal role of light confinement by whispering-gallery-mode microcavities in enhancing the SERS performance.The optimised HPZIF-67@Au composites functioned as flexible and highly sensitive in situ SERS sensors for gases and liquids,including volatile organic-compound gas and liquid-pesticide residues.This study introduces a novel design concept and provides a robust theoretical foundation for the future development of exhaled-breath point-of-care diagnostic devices and sweat-based wearable biomedical sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904036)the Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2023GK2049).
文摘The effect of rotational-die equal channel angular pressing(RD-ECAP)temperature and deformation route on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pre-extruded Mg-5Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr(wt%)alloys were investigated.The results indicate that the RD-ECAP updates both theα-Mg texture and long-period stack-ing ordered(LPSO)arrangement in the pre-extruded alloy,while theα-Mg texture is more sensitive to the change of deformation route.The LPSO streamlines modify the anisotropy of mechanical properties of the ECAP alloys via exerting different reinforcing effects and modifying the crack propagation.The lower ECAP temperature of 350℃ rather than 400℃ promotes dynamic precipitation which deteriorates the following ageing-hardening response but conduces to refining theα-Mg grains and preventing a sharp drop in elongation after peak ageing.The 350A peak-aged alloy exhibits the optimal mechanical proper-ties with the average tensile yield strength(TYS)of 311 MPa(S_(TYS)=3.7,S indicates standard deviation)and elongation of 7.6%(S_(EL)=0.7).Its higher strength should mainly be attributed to the finer grain size,and its quasi-isotropic performance should be inherited from the ECAP state induced by the rational arrangement of LPSO phases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32271165)the Interdisciplinary Project in Ocean Research of Tongji University(No.2022-2-ZD-02),China.
文摘Imprinted genes play a key role in regulating mammalian placental and embryonic development.Here,we generated glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-knockout(Qpct^(-/-))mice utilizing the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)platform and identified Qpct as a novel anti-angiogenic factor in regulating mouse placentation.Compared with Qpct^(+/+)mice,placentae and embryos(Qpct^(-/+)and Qpct^(-/-))showed significant overgrowth at embryonic Day 12.5(E12.5),E15.5,and E18.5.Using single-cell transcriptome analysis of 32309 cells from Qpct^(+/+)and Qpct^(-/-)mouse placentae,we identified 13 cell clusters via single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)(8880 Qpct^(+/+)and 13577 Qpct^(-/-)cells)and 20 cell clusters via single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)(6567 Qpct^(+/+)and 3285 Qpct^(-/-)cells).Furthermore,we observed a global up-regulation of pro-angiogenic genes in the Qpct^(-/-)background.Immunohistochemistry assays revealed a notable increase in the number of blood vessels in the decidual and labyrinthine layers of E15.5 Qpct^(-/+)and Qpct^(-/-)mice.Moreover,the elevation of multiple pairs of ligand-receptor interactions was observed in decidual cells,endothelial cells,and macrophages,promoting angiogenesis and inflammatory response.Our findings indicate that loss of maternal Qpct leads to altered phenotypic characteristics of placentae and embryos and promotes angiogenesis in murine placentae.
基金funded by China Oilfield Services Limited,grant number YXB24YF003.
文摘Jet pumps often suffer from efficiency losses due to the intense mixing of power and suction fluids,which leads to significant kinetic energy dissipation.Enhancing the efficiency of such pumps requires careful optimization of their structural parameters.In this study,a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model of a hydraulic jet sand-flushing pump is developed to investigate the effects of throat-to-nozzle distance,area ratio,and throat length on the pump’s sand-carrying performance.An orthogonal experimental design is employed to optimize the structural parameters,while the influence of sand characteristics on pumping performance is systematically evaluated.Complementary indoor experiments are used to validate the numerical results,yielding an optimized configuration with a throat-to-nozzle cross-sectional area ratio of 4,a throat length five times the throat diameter,and a throat-to-nozzle distance equal to the nozzle diameter.Under a power fluid flow rate of 1.7 m3/h with this area ratio,the sand-carrying efficiency reaches its peak,achieving a sand transport rate of 290 g/min(6.7 L/h).Comparison of CFD predictions with experimental data across different area ratios demonstrates excellent agreement,with an average relative error of 2.44%and an average absolute error of 3.56%,confirming the reliability of the simulation approach.
文摘Surface with well-defined components and structures possesses unique electronic,magnetic,optical and chemical properties.As a result,surface chemistry research plays a crucial role in various fields such as catalysis,energy,materials,quantum,and microelectronics.Surface science mainly investigates the correspondence between surface property and functionality.Scanning probe microscopy(SPM)techniques are important tools to characterize surface properties because of the capability of atomic-scale imaging,spectroscopy and manipulation at the single-atom level.In this review,we summarize recent advances in surface electronic,magnetic and optical properties characterized mainly by SPM-based methods.We focus on elucidating theπ-magnetism in graphene-based nanostructures,construction of spin qubits on surfaces,topology properties of surface organic structures,STM-based light emission,tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and integration of machine learning in SPM studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272290,21972030,52073119,and 52373210)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20230101029JC)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.202303021212159)the Monash University Malaysia–ASEAN grant(No.ASE-000010)。
文摘Environmental catalysis has been considered one of the important research topics.Some technologies(e.g.,photocatalysis and electrocatalysis)have been intensively developed with the advance of synthetic technologies of catalytical materials.In 2019,we discussed the development trend of this field,and wrote a roadmap on this topic in Chinese Chemical Letters(30(2019)2065-2088).Nowadays,we discuss it again from a new viewpoint along this road.In this paper,several subtopics are discussed,e.g.,photocatalysis based on titanium dioxide,violet phosphorus,graphitic carbon and covalent organic frameworks,electrocatalysts based on carbon,metal-and covalent-organic framework.Finally,we hope that this roadmap can enrich the development of two-dimensional materials in environmental catalysis with novel understanding,and give useful inspiration to explore new catalysts for practical applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1009200)the NSFC(11925102)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2202042)。
文摘This paper is devoted to proving the polynomial mixing for a weakly damped stochastic nonlinear Schröodinger equation with additive noise on a 1D bounded domain.The noise is white in time and smooth in space.We consider both focusing and defocusing nonlinearities,with exponents of the nonlinearityσ∈[0,2)andσ∈[0,∞),and prove the polynomial mixing which implies the uniqueness of the invariant measure by using a coupling method.In the focusing case,our result generalizes the earlier results in[12],whereσ=1.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32225029,22205240,52073287,22075289,82071552 and 22376006)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC2605003)。
文摘Metabolism is a general term for a series of ordered chemical reactions in an organism used to maintain life,mainly divided into anabolic and catabolic metabolism.Nucleic acid therapy can not only precisely up-regulate and down-regulate the expression of target genes but also correct mutated disease-causing genes,which demonstrates irreplaceable and outstanding advantages in the treatment of metabolismrelated diseases and has been applied to the clinical treatment of metabolism-related diseases.In this review,we introduce the structures of several major nucleic acid drugs and the mechanism of nucleic acid therapy.Subsequently,we describe the mechanisms of various biomolecular and tissue metabolisms and the etiology of metabolic disorders,classified according to metabolic substrates.We analyze the signal pathways and potential targets affecting the metabolism of each substrate and describe the nucleic acid drugs applied to these targets and their delivery technologies.This review aims to provide new ideas and targets for treating these diseases by investigating the role played by metabolism in developing diseases and providing guidance for the selection and design of nucleic acid drugs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(Grant Nos.:31800293 and 32370422)Project of Standard for TCM(Grant No.:ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34).
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an idiopathic,relapsing,and etiologically complicated chronic inflammatory bowel disease.Despite substantial progress in the management of UC,the outcomes of mucosal barrier repair are unsatisfactory.In this study,phillygenin(PHI)treatment alleviated the symptoms of chronic colitis in mice,including body weight loss,severe disease activity index scores,colon shortening,splenomegaly,oxidative stress,and inflammatory response.In particular,PHI treatment ameliorated the tight junction proteins(TJs)reduction,fibrosis,apoptosis,and intestinal stem cell activity,indicating that PHI exerted beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier in mice with chronic colitis.In the NCM460 cells damage model,dextran sulfate sodium triggered the sequential induction of TJs reduction,fibrosis,and apoptosis.Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5(TGR5)dysfunction mediated NCM460 cell injury.Moreover,PHI treatment enhanced TJs and suppressed fibrosis and apoptosis to maintain NCM460 cell function,depending on TGR5 activation.PHI promoted TGR5 activation and elevated intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in HEK 293T cells transfected with TGR5 expression plasmids.Cellular thermal shift assay and molecular docking studies confirmed that PHI directly binds to TGR5,indicating that PHI is an agonist of TGR5.The process of PERK-eIF2α pathway-mediated endoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+) release was involved in NCM460 cell injury as well,which was associated with TGR5 dysfunction.When NCM460 cells were pretreated with PHI,the PERK-eIF2α pathway and elevated Ca^(2+) levels were blocked.In conclusion,our study demonstrated a novel mechanism that PHI inhibited the PERK-eIF2α-Ca^(2+) pathway through TGR5 activation to against DSS-induced TJs reduction,fibrosis,and apoptosis.
