Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a rare but highly malignant primary bone neoplasm, which is resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There remains uncertainly as to the best treatment of this disease and ...Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a rare but highly malignant primary bone neoplasm, which is resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There remains uncertainly as to the best treatment of this disease and how to improve its prognosis. In this paper we reported a case of DDCS and reviewed the related literatures in order to provide references to throw a light on the histogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of this disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute muscle injuries are one of the most common injuries in sports.Severely injured muscles are prone to re-injury due to fibrotic scar formation caused by prolonged inflammation.How to regulate inflammati...BACKGROUND Acute muscle injuries are one of the most common injuries in sports.Severely injured muscles are prone to re-injury due to fibrotic scar formation caused by prolonged inflammation.How to regulate inflammation and suppress fibrosis is the focus of promoting muscle healing.Recent studies have found that myoblasts and macrophages play important roles in the inflammatory phase following muscle injury;however,the crosstalk between these two types of cells in the inflammatory environment,particularly the exosome-related mechanisms,had not been well studied.AIM To evaluate the effects of exosomes from inflammatory C2C12 myoblasts(IFC2C12-Exos)on macrophage polarization and myoblast proliferation/differentiation.METHODS A model of inflammation was established in vitro by lipopolysaccharide stimulation of myoblasts.C2C12-Exos were isolated and purified from the supernatant of myoblasts by gradient centrifugation.Multiple methods were used to identify the exosomes.Gradient concentrations of IF-C2C12-Exos were added to normal macrophages and myoblasts.PKH67 fluorescence tracing was used to identify the interaction between exosomes and cells.Microscopic morphology,Giemsa stain,and immunofluorescence were carried out for histological analysis.Additionally,ELISA assays,flow cytometry,and western blot were conducted to analyze molecular changes.Moreover,myogenic proliferation was assessed by the BrdU test,scratch assay,and CCK-8 assay.RESULTS We found that the PKH-67-marked C2C12-Exos can be endocytosed by both macrophages and myoblasts.IF-C2C12-Exos induced M1 macrophage polarization and suppressed the M2 phenotype in vitro.In addition,these exosomes also stimulated the inflammatory reactions of macrophages.Further-more,we demonstrated that IF-C2C12-Exos disrupted the balance of myoblast proliferation/differentiation,leading to enhanced proliferation and suppressed fibrogenic/myogenic differentiation.CONCLUSION IF-C2C12-Exos can induce M1 polarization,resulting in a sustained and aggravated inflammatory environment that impairs myoblast differentiation,and leads to enhanced myogenic proliferation.These results demonstrate why prolonged inflammation occurs after acute muscle injury and provide a new target for the regulation of muscle regeneration.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine has a long and illustrious history,and with the development of modern science and technology,the research and application of traditional Chinese medicines have continued to progress signif...Traditional Chinese medicine has a long and illustrious history,and with the development of modern science and technology,the research and application of traditional Chinese medicines have continued to progress significantly.Many traditional Chinese medicinal herbs have undergone scientific validation,reinvi-gorating with new life and vitality,and contributing unique strengths to the advancement of human health.Recently,the discovery that leech total protein extracted from Poecilobdella manillensis lyophilized powder reduces blood uric acid(UA)levels by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase to decrease UA synthesis and promotes UA excretion by regulating different UA transporters in the kidney and intestine has undoubtedly injected new vitality and hope into this field of research.The purpose of this editorial is to comment on this study,explore its strengths and weaknesses,and there is a hope to treat a range of metabolic-related syndromes,including hyperuricemia,by targeting the gut microbiota.展开更多
Purpose:To comprehensively analyze the geographic and temporal trends of foot fracture,understand its health burden by age,sex,and sociodemographic index(SDI),and explore its leading causes from 1990 to 2019.Methods:T...Purpose:To comprehensively analyze the geographic and temporal trends of foot fracture,understand its health burden by age,sex,and sociodemographic index(SDI),and explore its leading causes from 1990 to 2019.Methods:The datasets in the present study were generated from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019,which included foot fracture data from 1990 to 2019.We extracted estimates along with the 95%uncertainty interval(UI)for the incidence and years lived with disability(YLDs)of foot fracture by location,age,gender,and cause.The epidemiology and burden of foot fracture at the global,regional,and national level was exhibited.Next,we presented the age and sex patterns of foot fracture.The leading cause of foot fracture was another focus of this study from the viewpoint of age,sex,and location.Then,Pearson's correlations between age-standardized rate(ASR),SDI,and estimated annual percentage change were calculated.Results:The age-standardized incidence rate was 138.68(95%UI:104.88-182.53)per 100,000 persons for both sexes,174.24(95%UI:134.35-222.49)per 100,000 persons for males,and 102.19(95%UI:73.28-138.00)per 100,000 persons for females in 2019.The age-standardized YLDs rate was 5.91(95%UI:3.58-9.25)per 100,000 persons for both genders,7.35(95%UI:4.45-11.50)per 100,000 persons for males,and 4.51(95%UI:2.75-7.03)per 100,000 persons for females in 2019.The global incidence and YLDs of foot fracture increased in number and decreased in ASR from 1990 to 2019.The global geographical distribution of foot fracture is uneven.The incidence rate for males peaked at the age group of 20-24 years,while that for females increased with advancing age.The incidence rate of older people was rising,as younger age incidence rate declined from 1990 to 2019.Falls,exposure to mechanical forces,and road traffic injuries were the 3 leading causes of foot fracture.Correlations were observed between ASR,estimated annual percentage change,and SDI.Conclusions:The burden of foot fracture remains high globally,and it poses an enormous public health challenge,with population aging.It is necessary to allocate more resources to the high-risk populations.Targeted realistic intervention policies and strategies are warranted.展开更多
文摘Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a rare but highly malignant primary bone neoplasm, which is resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There remains uncertainly as to the best treatment of this disease and how to improve its prognosis. In this paper we reported a case of DDCS and reviewed the related literatures in order to provide references to throw a light on the histogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of this disease.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81772419 and No.81972062.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute muscle injuries are one of the most common injuries in sports.Severely injured muscles are prone to re-injury due to fibrotic scar formation caused by prolonged inflammation.How to regulate inflammation and suppress fibrosis is the focus of promoting muscle healing.Recent studies have found that myoblasts and macrophages play important roles in the inflammatory phase following muscle injury;however,the crosstalk between these two types of cells in the inflammatory environment,particularly the exosome-related mechanisms,had not been well studied.AIM To evaluate the effects of exosomes from inflammatory C2C12 myoblasts(IFC2C12-Exos)on macrophage polarization and myoblast proliferation/differentiation.METHODS A model of inflammation was established in vitro by lipopolysaccharide stimulation of myoblasts.C2C12-Exos were isolated and purified from the supernatant of myoblasts by gradient centrifugation.Multiple methods were used to identify the exosomes.Gradient concentrations of IF-C2C12-Exos were added to normal macrophages and myoblasts.PKH67 fluorescence tracing was used to identify the interaction between exosomes and cells.Microscopic morphology,Giemsa stain,and immunofluorescence were carried out for histological analysis.Additionally,ELISA assays,flow cytometry,and western blot were conducted to analyze molecular changes.Moreover,myogenic proliferation was assessed by the BrdU test,scratch assay,and CCK-8 assay.RESULTS We found that the PKH-67-marked C2C12-Exos can be endocytosed by both macrophages and myoblasts.IF-C2C12-Exos induced M1 macrophage polarization and suppressed the M2 phenotype in vitro.In addition,these exosomes also stimulated the inflammatory reactions of macrophages.Further-more,we demonstrated that IF-C2C12-Exos disrupted the balance of myoblast proliferation/differentiation,leading to enhanced proliferation and suppressed fibrogenic/myogenic differentiation.CONCLUSION IF-C2C12-Exos can induce M1 polarization,resulting in a sustained and aggravated inflammatory environment that impairs myoblast differentiation,and leads to enhanced myogenic proliferation.These results demonstrate why prolonged inflammation occurs after acute muscle injury and provide a new target for the regulation of muscle regeneration.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine has a long and illustrious history,and with the development of modern science and technology,the research and application of traditional Chinese medicines have continued to progress significantly.Many traditional Chinese medicinal herbs have undergone scientific validation,reinvi-gorating with new life and vitality,and contributing unique strengths to the advancement of human health.Recently,the discovery that leech total protein extracted from Poecilobdella manillensis lyophilized powder reduces blood uric acid(UA)levels by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase to decrease UA synthesis and promotes UA excretion by regulating different UA transporters in the kidney and intestine has undoubtedly injected new vitality and hope into this field of research.The purpose of this editorial is to comment on this study,explore its strengths and weaknesses,and there is a hope to treat a range of metabolic-related syndromes,including hyperuricemia,by targeting the gut microbiota.
基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2009505).
文摘Purpose:To comprehensively analyze the geographic and temporal trends of foot fracture,understand its health burden by age,sex,and sociodemographic index(SDI),and explore its leading causes from 1990 to 2019.Methods:The datasets in the present study were generated from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019,which included foot fracture data from 1990 to 2019.We extracted estimates along with the 95%uncertainty interval(UI)for the incidence and years lived with disability(YLDs)of foot fracture by location,age,gender,and cause.The epidemiology and burden of foot fracture at the global,regional,and national level was exhibited.Next,we presented the age and sex patterns of foot fracture.The leading cause of foot fracture was another focus of this study from the viewpoint of age,sex,and location.Then,Pearson's correlations between age-standardized rate(ASR),SDI,and estimated annual percentage change were calculated.Results:The age-standardized incidence rate was 138.68(95%UI:104.88-182.53)per 100,000 persons for both sexes,174.24(95%UI:134.35-222.49)per 100,000 persons for males,and 102.19(95%UI:73.28-138.00)per 100,000 persons for females in 2019.The age-standardized YLDs rate was 5.91(95%UI:3.58-9.25)per 100,000 persons for both genders,7.35(95%UI:4.45-11.50)per 100,000 persons for males,and 4.51(95%UI:2.75-7.03)per 100,000 persons for females in 2019.The global incidence and YLDs of foot fracture increased in number and decreased in ASR from 1990 to 2019.The global geographical distribution of foot fracture is uneven.The incidence rate for males peaked at the age group of 20-24 years,while that for females increased with advancing age.The incidence rate of older people was rising,as younger age incidence rate declined from 1990 to 2019.Falls,exposure to mechanical forces,and road traffic injuries were the 3 leading causes of foot fracture.Correlations were observed between ASR,estimated annual percentage change,and SDI.Conclusions:The burden of foot fracture remains high globally,and it poses an enormous public health challenge,with population aging.It is necessary to allocate more resources to the high-risk populations.Targeted realistic intervention policies and strategies are warranted.
