The composition−property relationship of 18 quaternary high entropy diborides(HEBs)consisting of boron and IVB,VB and VIB transition metals(TM)was investigated using first-principles calculations.A valence electron co...The composition−property relationship of 18 quaternary high entropy diborides(HEBs)consisting of boron and IVB,VB and VIB transition metals(TM)was investigated using first-principles calculations.A valence electron concentration−relative electronegativity(VEC−REN)composite descriptor was developed to effectively predict the mechanical properties of HEBs.The results demonstrate that with a fixed VEC,the rise of the REN makes HEBs harder but more brittle when the electronegativity of doped TM atoms is lower than that of boron atoms.However,HEBs become softer and more ductile as REN increases if the doped TM atoms have higher electronegativity than boron atoms.The VEC−REN composite descriptor can accurately classify and predict the mechanical properties of HEBs with different components,which provides important theoretical guidance for the rapid design and development of novel high-entropy ceramic materials.展开更多
THE mechanical response and deformation mechanisms of pure nickel under nanoindentation were systematically investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,with a particular focus on the novel interplay between c...THE mechanical response and deformation mechanisms of pure nickel under nanoindentation were systematically investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,with a particular focus on the novel interplay between crystallographic orientation,grain boundary(GB)proximity,and pore characteristics(size/location).This study compares single-crystal nickel models along[100],[110],and[111]orientations with equiaxed polycrystalline models containing 0,1,and 2.5 nm pores in surface and subsurface configurations.Our results reveal that crystallographic anisotropy manifests as a 24.4%higher elastic modulus and 22.2%greater hardness in[111]-oriented single crystals compared to[100].Pore-GB synergistic effects are found to dominate the deformation behavior:2.5 nm subsurface pores reduce hardness by 25.2%through stress concentration and dislocation annihilation at GBs,whereas surface pores enable mechanical recovery via accelerated dislocation generation post-collapse.Additionally,size-dependent deformation regimes were identified,with 1 nm pores inducing negligible perturbation due to rapid atomic rearrangement,in contrast with persistent softening in 2.5 nm pores.These findings establish atomic-scale design principles for defect engineering in nickel-based aerospace components,demonstrating how crystallographic orientation,pore configuration,and GB interactions collectively govern nanoindentation behavior.展开更多
Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is a typical self-pollinating crop with obvious heterosis in hybrids.Consequently,the use of morphological markers during the pepper seedling stage is crucial for pepper breeding.The color of...Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is a typical self-pollinating crop with obvious heterosis in hybrids.Consequently,the use of morphological markers during the pepper seedling stage is crucial for pepper breeding.The color of hypocotyl is widely used as a phenotypic marker in crossing studies of pepper.Pepper accessions generally have purple hypocotyls,which are mainly due to the anthocyanin accumulation in seedlings,and green hypocotyls are rarely observed in pepper.Here we reported the characterization of a green hypocotyl mutant of pepper,Cha1,which was identified from a pepper ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutant library.Fine mapping revealed that the causal gene,CaTTG1,belonging to the WD40 repeat family,controlled the green hypocotyl phenotype of the mutant.Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)confirmed that CaTTG1 regulated anthocyanin accumulation.RNA-seq data showed that expression of structural genes CaDFR,CaANS,and CaUF3GT in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway was significantly decreased in Cha1 compared to the wild type.Yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)experiments also confirmed that CaTTG1 activated the synthesis of anthocyanin structural genes by forming a MBW complex with CaAN1 and CaGL3.In summary,this study provided a green hypocotyl mutant of pepper,and the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker developed based on the mutation site of the underlying gene would be helpful for pepper breeding.展开更多
The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-...The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-heterostructured nanoporous CoFe/CoFe_(2)O_(4) and CeO_(2−x),in situ grown on nickel foam(NF),holds great promise as a high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst(named R-CoFe/Ce/NF)for water splitting.Experimental characterization verifies surface reconstruction from CoFe alloy/oxide to highly active CoFeOOH during in situ electrochemical polarization.By virtues of three-dimensional nanoporous architecture and abundant electroactive CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterostructure interfaces,the R-CoFe/Ce/NF electrode achieves low overpotentials for oxygen evolution(η_(10)=227 mV;η_(500)=450 mV)and hydrogen evolution(η_(10)=35 mV;η_(408)=560 mV)reactions with high normalized electrochemical active surface areas,respectively.Additionally,the alkaline full water splitting electrolyzer of R-CoFe/Ce/NF||R-CoFe/Ce/NF achieves a current density of 50 mA·cm^(−2) only at 1.75 V;the decline of activity is satisfactory after 100-h durability test at 300 mA·cm^(−2).Density functional theory also demonstrates that the electron can transfer from CeO_(2−x) by virtue of O atom to CoFeOOH at CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterointerfaces and enhancing the adsorption of reactant,thus optimizing electronic structure and Gibbs free energies for the improvement of the activity for water splitting.展开更多
[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid(Me-4PACz)self-assembled monolayer(SAM)as the hole transport materials have been demonstrated remarkable potential in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the hyd...[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid(Me-4PACz)self-assembled monolayer(SAM)as the hole transport materials have been demonstrated remarkable potential in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the hydrophobicity of Me-4PACz presents a critical challenge for the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films due to its poor wettability.Here,a doped Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz to modify the Me-4PACz surface was proposed.On one hand,this approach improved the wettability of the Me-4PACz film,enhancing the coverage,uniformity,and buried interface properties of the perovskite film.On the other hand,compared to Al_(2)O_(3)modification alone,doping Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz allowed direct contact between the perovskite and Me-4PACz,resulting in better buried interface passivation.As a result,we achieved an efficiency of 22.71%for single-junction wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells(1.68 eV).Additionally,the efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells was improved from 28.68%to 30.92%,with a significant reduction in hysteresis.Furthermore,the tandem cells demonstrated no degradation after 4200 s of operation at the maximum power point.展开更多
In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe at...In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe atmospheric disturbances caused by the Tonga volcanic eruptions on January 15,2022.The most prominent signature was the disappearance of the layer after~10:00 UT over Wuhan and Fuke,which was attributed to the vertical drift caused by the eruptions.The occurred intermittently after 13:00 UT following the arrival of the tropospheric Lamb wave.To examine the causal mechanism for the intermittence,we also included data of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region recorded by the meteor radars at Wuhan and Mohe in this study.The wind disturbances with periods of~20 hours contributed to the formation of the layer in the nighttime on January 15.展开更多
Thermal deformation error is one of the most important factors affecting the CNCs’ accuracy, so research is conducted on the temperature errors affecting CNCs’ machining accuracy;on the basis of analyzing the unpred...Thermal deformation error is one of the most important factors affecting the CNCs’ accuracy, so research is conducted on the temperature errors affecting CNCs’ machining accuracy;on the basis of analyzing the unpredictability and pre-maturing of the results of the genetic algorithm, as well as the slow speed of the training speed of the particle algorithm, a kind of Mind Evolutionary Algorithm optimized BP neural network featuring extremely strong global search capacity was proposed;type KVC850MA/2 five-axis CNC of Changzheng Lathe Factory was used as the research subject, and the Mind Evolutionary Algorithm optimized BP neural network algorithm was used for the establishment of the compensation model between temperature changes and the CNCs’ thermal deformation errors, as well as the realization method on hardware. The simulation results indicated that this method featured extremely high practical value.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the clinical significance of the expression of proteins human bone marrow endothelial cell markers(HBME-1), Galectin-3, and cytokeratin19(CK19), as well as the status of ...Objective The aim of this study was to explore the clinical significance of the expression of proteins human bone marrow endothelial cell markers(HBME-1), Galectin-3, and cytokeratin19(CK19), as well as the status of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1(BRAF) mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC). Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 82 specimens each of PTC and papillary benign lesions to detect the expression of HBME-1, Galectin-3, and CK19. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and gene sequencing were performed on 60 specimens each of PTC and papillary benign lesions to detect the status of BRAF mutation. Results The positive expression ratios of HBME-1, Galectin-3, and CK19 in PTC were 98.8%, 97.6% and 100% respectively, which were significantly higher than the expressions in papillary benign lesions(P < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed between the expression of these makers and the clinicopathological features of PTC. The sensitivity of co-expression of HBME-1 and CK19 or HBME-1 and Galectin-3 as diagnostic criteria of PTC was 99.9%, with a specificity of 95.4%. BRAF mutation was detected in 40 of 60 PTC(66.7%) specimens. There was a statistical difference in BRAF mutations between PTC and papillary benign lesions(P < 0.05); there were no associations between BRAF mutation and the clinicopathological features of PTC. Conclusion Combined immunohistochemical staining of HBME-1, Galectin-3, and CK19 can further improve the sensitivity and specificity of differential diagnosis of PTC. BRAF mutation is a significant genetic event, which may have diagnostic value for PTC.展开更多
The ocean crust remnants of the Proto-Tethys were preserved as the Kudi ophiolites in the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt(WKOB),and its evolutionary history was mainly constructed by research on igneous or metamorphic rocks...The ocean crust remnants of the Proto-Tethys were preserved as the Kudi ophiolites in the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt(WKOB),and its evolutionary history was mainly constructed by research on igneous or metamorphic rocks in the WKOB.Sedimentary rocks in the WKOB received little attention in the past;however,they could provide important constraints on the evolution of the oceanic lithosphere.Here,a series of shales and greywackes found in the Kudi area of WKOB were studied to constrain their deposition ages and explore their significance in the evolution of the ProtoTethys oceanic crust.The U-Pb dating and europium anomaly(Eu/Eu^(*))were analyzed for detrital zircons from greywackes interlayers,while bulk rare earth elements and yttrium(REY)of the shales were measured.Detrital zircons U-Pb ages yield a maximum deposition age of 436 Ma for the greywackes and black shales,while the REY distribution patterns of the black shales are similar to those of the Tarim Ordovician Saergan shales.Accordingly,the studied WKOB black shales were deposited in the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian period.The maximum deposition age at 436 Ma may represent a minimum closure time of the Proto-Tethys Ocean,which is also supported by the absence of increases in Eu/Eu^(*)values during the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian.Besides,our Eu/Eu^(*)values in detrital zircons indicate diminished orogenesis during the Archean to Meso-Proterozoic,subduction-related accretion at the margins of the supercontinent Rodinia during the Neoproterozoic.展开更多
Dear Editor,Since 2024,the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5N1 viruses have been identified in dairy cattle in the United States,raising global concerns about public health(Neumann and Kawaoka,2...Dear Editor,Since 2024,the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5N1 viruses have been identified in dairy cattle in the United States,raising global concerns about public health(Neumann and Kawaoka,2024).As of December 18,2024,the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)has reported over 61 confirmed cases of H5N1 infection in humans,predominantly associated with exposure to infected poultry or dairy cattle(U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,2024).Notably,the circulating 2.3.4.4b H5N1 clade has demonstrated continuous evolution in both wild and domestic birds globally,with expanding mammalian host tropism that now includes swine,cats,red foxes,harbor seals,and skunks(Peacock et al.,2024).These viruses have not only incurred substantial economic impacts but also posed dual threats to human health and ecological stability particularly during co-infections with other viruses(Abolnik,2024;Wang and Wang,2023).展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression,anxiety,and insomnia were found out that were significant relevance to the mental health impact of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)lock-down.AIM To examine the interrelationships among perc...BACKGROUND Depression,anxiety,and insomnia were found out that were significant relevance to the mental health impact of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)lock-down.AIM To examine the interrelationships among perceived severity,anxiety,depression,insomnia,and sense of security in Chinese community residents during the COVID-19 lockdown period.METHODS Participants were selected using simple random sampling from four large gated communities in Chengdu,China.All participants were invited to complete a survey that included the Perceived Severity Questionnaire,Security Question-naire,Patient Health Questionnaire-9,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item,and Insomnia Severity Index-7.In total,568 valid questionnaires were gathered.Co-rrelation analysis and structural equation models were used to explore the rela-RESULTS The observed prevalence rates of anxiety,depression,and insomnia among residents during lockdown were 27.5%,17.6%,and 16.0%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that both perceived severity and sense of security were positively correlated with anxiety,depression,and insomnia[Pearson’s r was perceived severity and anxiety r=0.44(P<0.01);with depression r=0.48(P<0.01);with insomnia r=0.43(P<0.01);security with anxiety r=-0.65(P<0.01);with depression r=-0.65(P<0.01);with insomnia r=-0.53(P<0.01)].Structural equation modeling and bootstrap tests revealed that sense of security acted as a significant mediator in the relationship between perceived severity and emotional and sleep disorders(anxiety,depression,and insomnia).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that sense of security is a significant predictor of emotional and sleep disorders(namely,depression,anxiety,and insomnia)among residents during the COVID-19 lockdown,with sense of security acting as a mediating factor.These findings suggest that mental health interventions for Chinese community residents during lockdowns may benefit from developing community-based educational programs to reduce perceived severity and ensuring the stable supply of essential resources and promoting social support networks to enhance the sense of security.展开更多
Chlorogenic acid(CGA),as a polyphenol abundant in daily diet,exerted various intestinal functions.However,the material basis of its intestinal bioactivities was still unclear.Our study investigated the gastrointestina...Chlorogenic acid(CGA),as a polyphenol abundant in daily diet,exerted various intestinal functions.However,the material basis of its intestinal bioactivities was still unclear.Our study investigated the gastrointestinal distribution of CGA using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrum(UPLC-MS/MS)and explored the main drivers leading to different metabolic fates of the metabolites.After oral administration of 50 mg/kg bw CGA to mice,CGA and sulfated metabolites were mainly determined in small intestine.Protocatechuic acid,catechol,and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid were found in copious amounts in large intestine and feces.Besides,caffeic acid existed in the entire intestine and feces.In the in vitro mice/human fecal fermentation of CGA,the production of metabolites was consistent with that in the colon,indicating that microorganisms might lead to the difference in the gastrointestinal distribution of CGA metabolites.Moreover,CGA,3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid,protocatechuic acid,catechol,and caffeic acid reduced proinflammatory cytokines(interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α))and increased mucin(Muc2)and tight junction(occludin)mRNA in LPS-induced Caco-2/HT-29 MTX co-culture cells.In conclusion,the biotransformation of CGA in different gastrointestinal tracts varied significantly,and its metabolites could partially support its intestinal bioactivities.展开更多
Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for morbidity caused by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID19).In older individuals,a dysregulated immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2...Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for morbidity caused by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID19).In older individuals,a dysregulated immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection contributes to disease severity;however,the underlying mechanism remains elusive.In this study,we established an aging mouse model of COVID-19,successfully replicating the development of a relatively severe disease in older adults.Further single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed a distinct immune cell landscape in the infected lungs,accompanied by an over-activated inflammatory response,especially in aging mice.Compared to young mice,aging mice showed extensive neutrophil activation,NETosis,and a dramatic decrease in the number of alveolar macrophages(AMs).Moreover,as important executors of efferocytosis,AMs exhibited a low efferocytotic gene signature and downregulation of multiple efferocytosis receptors in aged mice.Further analysis indicated that the efferocytosis of neutrophils,whether undergoing apoptosis or NETosis,was compromised after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Since efferocytosis is a key process in inflammatory resolution,impaired efferocytosis may contribute to hyperinflammation in aging lungs.Our study reveals the characteristics and role of efferocytosis in aging mice after SARS-CoV-2 infection and provides valuable insights for the potential treatment of COVID-19.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52071179, 52271033)the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51931003)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BK20221493)the Jiangsu Province Leading Edge Technology Basic Research Major Project, China (No. BK20222014)the Foundation of “Qinglan Project” for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province, China。
文摘The composition−property relationship of 18 quaternary high entropy diborides(HEBs)consisting of boron and IVB,VB and VIB transition metals(TM)was investigated using first-principles calculations.A valence electron concentration−relative electronegativity(VEC−REN)composite descriptor was developed to effectively predict the mechanical properties of HEBs.The results demonstrate that with a fixed VEC,the rise of the REN makes HEBs harder but more brittle when the electronegativity of doped TM atoms is lower than that of boron atoms.However,HEBs become softer and more ductile as REN increases if the doped TM atoms have higher electronegativity than boron atoms.The VEC−REN composite descriptor can accurately classify and predict the mechanical properties of HEBs with different components,which provides important theoretical guidance for the rapid design and development of novel high-entropy ceramic materials.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12462006)Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering Joint Innovation Fund(No.BQJJ202414).
文摘THE mechanical response and deformation mechanisms of pure nickel under nanoindentation were systematically investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,with a particular focus on the novel interplay between crystallographic orientation,grain boundary(GB)proximity,and pore characteristics(size/location).This study compares single-crystal nickel models along[100],[110],and[111]orientations with equiaxed polycrystalline models containing 0,1,and 2.5 nm pores in surface and subsurface configurations.Our results reveal that crystallographic anisotropy manifests as a 24.4%higher elastic modulus and 22.2%greater hardness in[111]-oriented single crystals compared to[100].Pore-GB synergistic effects are found to dominate the deformation behavior:2.5 nm subsurface pores reduce hardness by 25.2%through stress concentration and dislocation annihilation at GBs,whereas surface pores enable mechanical recovery via accelerated dislocation generation post-collapse.Additionally,size-dependent deformation regimes were identified,with 1 nm pores inducing negligible perturbation due to rapid atomic rearrangement,in contrast with persistent softening in 2.5 nm pores.These findings establish atomic-scale design principles for defect engineering in nickel-based aerospace components,demonstrating how crystallographic orientation,pore configuration,and GB interactions collectively govern nanoindentation behavior.
基金supported by grants from the Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province(Grant No.2021NK1006)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2021JC0007)+2 种基金China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-24-A-15)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32130097)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U19A2028)。
文摘Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is a typical self-pollinating crop with obvious heterosis in hybrids.Consequently,the use of morphological markers during the pepper seedling stage is crucial for pepper breeding.The color of hypocotyl is widely used as a phenotypic marker in crossing studies of pepper.Pepper accessions generally have purple hypocotyls,which are mainly due to the anthocyanin accumulation in seedlings,and green hypocotyls are rarely observed in pepper.Here we reported the characterization of a green hypocotyl mutant of pepper,Cha1,which was identified from a pepper ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutant library.Fine mapping revealed that the causal gene,CaTTG1,belonging to the WD40 repeat family,controlled the green hypocotyl phenotype of the mutant.Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)confirmed that CaTTG1 regulated anthocyanin accumulation.RNA-seq data showed that expression of structural genes CaDFR,CaANS,and CaUF3GT in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway was significantly decreased in Cha1 compared to the wild type.Yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)experiments also confirmed that CaTTG1 activated the synthesis of anthocyanin structural genes by forming a MBW complex with CaAN1 and CaGL3.In summary,this study provided a green hypocotyl mutant of pepper,and the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker developed based on the mutation site of the underlying gene would be helpful for pepper breeding.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.5210125 and 52375422)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2023058)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.E2020208069,B2020208083 and E202320801).
文摘The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-heterostructured nanoporous CoFe/CoFe_(2)O_(4) and CeO_(2−x),in situ grown on nickel foam(NF),holds great promise as a high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst(named R-CoFe/Ce/NF)for water splitting.Experimental characterization verifies surface reconstruction from CoFe alloy/oxide to highly active CoFeOOH during in situ electrochemical polarization.By virtues of three-dimensional nanoporous architecture and abundant electroactive CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterostructure interfaces,the R-CoFe/Ce/NF electrode achieves low overpotentials for oxygen evolution(η_(10)=227 mV;η_(500)=450 mV)and hydrogen evolution(η_(10)=35 mV;η_(408)=560 mV)reactions with high normalized electrochemical active surface areas,respectively.Additionally,the alkaline full water splitting electrolyzer of R-CoFe/Ce/NF||R-CoFe/Ce/NF achieves a current density of 50 mA·cm^(−2) only at 1.75 V;the decline of activity is satisfactory after 100-h durability test at 300 mA·cm^(−2).Density functional theory also demonstrates that the electron can transfer from CeO_(2−x) by virtue of O atom to CoFeOOH at CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterointerfaces and enhancing the adsorption of reactant,thus optimizing electronic structure and Gibbs free energies for the improvement of the activity for water splitting.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4202503)the cooperation project between Three Gorges Corporation and Nankai University(202103571)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund(U21A2072)the National Science Foundation(62274099,62104115)Tianjin Science and Technology Project(24ZXZSSS00160)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School(202302A0370009)the China Higher Education Discipline Innovation Overseas Expert Introduction Project(B16027)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformationsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University。
文摘[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid(Me-4PACz)self-assembled monolayer(SAM)as the hole transport materials have been demonstrated remarkable potential in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the hydrophobicity of Me-4PACz presents a critical challenge for the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films due to its poor wettability.Here,a doped Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz to modify the Me-4PACz surface was proposed.On one hand,this approach improved the wettability of the Me-4PACz film,enhancing the coverage,uniformity,and buried interface properties of the perovskite film.On the other hand,compared to Al_(2)O_(3)modification alone,doping Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz allowed direct contact between the perovskite and Me-4PACz,resulting in better buried interface passivation.As a result,we achieved an efficiency of 22.71%for single-junction wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells(1.68 eV).Additionally,the efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells was improved from 28.68%to 30.92%,with a significant reduction in hysteresis.Furthermore,the tandem cells demonstrated no degradation after 4200 s of operation at the maximum power point.
基金the Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),grant numbers 42174211,42230207,and U2039205.
文摘In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe atmospheric disturbances caused by the Tonga volcanic eruptions on January 15,2022.The most prominent signature was the disappearance of the layer after~10:00 UT over Wuhan and Fuke,which was attributed to the vertical drift caused by the eruptions.The occurred intermittently after 13:00 UT following the arrival of the tropospheric Lamb wave.To examine the causal mechanism for the intermittence,we also included data of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region recorded by the meteor radars at Wuhan and Mohe in this study.The wind disturbances with periods of~20 hours contributed to the formation of the layer in the nighttime on January 15.
文摘Thermal deformation error is one of the most important factors affecting the CNCs’ accuracy, so research is conducted on the temperature errors affecting CNCs’ machining accuracy;on the basis of analyzing the unpredictability and pre-maturing of the results of the genetic algorithm, as well as the slow speed of the training speed of the particle algorithm, a kind of Mind Evolutionary Algorithm optimized BP neural network featuring extremely strong global search capacity was proposed;type KVC850MA/2 five-axis CNC of Changzheng Lathe Factory was used as the research subject, and the Mind Evolutionary Algorithm optimized BP neural network algorithm was used for the establishment of the compensation model between temperature changes and the CNCs’ thermal deformation errors, as well as the realization method on hardware. The simulation results indicated that this method featured extremely high practical value.
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to explore the clinical significance of the expression of proteins human bone marrow endothelial cell markers(HBME-1), Galectin-3, and cytokeratin19(CK19), as well as the status of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1(BRAF) mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC). Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 82 specimens each of PTC and papillary benign lesions to detect the expression of HBME-1, Galectin-3, and CK19. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and gene sequencing were performed on 60 specimens each of PTC and papillary benign lesions to detect the status of BRAF mutation. Results The positive expression ratios of HBME-1, Galectin-3, and CK19 in PTC were 98.8%, 97.6% and 100% respectively, which were significantly higher than the expressions in papillary benign lesions(P < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed between the expression of these makers and the clinicopathological features of PTC. The sensitivity of co-expression of HBME-1 and CK19 or HBME-1 and Galectin-3 as diagnostic criteria of PTC was 99.9%, with a specificity of 95.4%. BRAF mutation was detected in 40 of 60 PTC(66.7%) specimens. There was a statistical difference in BRAF mutations between PTC and papillary benign lesions(P < 0.05); there were no associations between BRAF mutation and the clinicopathological features of PTC. Conclusion Combined immunohistochemical staining of HBME-1, Galectin-3, and CK19 can further improve the sensitivity and specificity of differential diagnosis of PTC. BRAF mutation is a significant genetic event, which may have diagnostic value for PTC.
基金financially supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project of China(No.2016ZX05004-004)the State Scholarship Grant from the China Scholarship Council(CSC)to Yinggang Zhang。
文摘The ocean crust remnants of the Proto-Tethys were preserved as the Kudi ophiolites in the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt(WKOB),and its evolutionary history was mainly constructed by research on igneous or metamorphic rocks in the WKOB.Sedimentary rocks in the WKOB received little attention in the past;however,they could provide important constraints on the evolution of the oceanic lithosphere.Here,a series of shales and greywackes found in the Kudi area of WKOB were studied to constrain their deposition ages and explore their significance in the evolution of the ProtoTethys oceanic crust.The U-Pb dating and europium anomaly(Eu/Eu^(*))were analyzed for detrital zircons from greywackes interlayers,while bulk rare earth elements and yttrium(REY)of the shales were measured.Detrital zircons U-Pb ages yield a maximum deposition age of 436 Ma for the greywackes and black shales,while the REY distribution patterns of the black shales are similar to those of the Tarim Ordovician Saergan shales.Accordingly,the studied WKOB black shales were deposited in the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian period.The maximum deposition age at 436 Ma may represent a minimum closure time of the Proto-Tethys Ocean,which is also supported by the absence of increases in Eu/Eu^(*)values during the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian.Besides,our Eu/Eu^(*)values in detrital zircons indicate diminished orogenesis during the Archean to Meso-Proterozoic,subduction-related accretion at the margins of the supercontinent Rodinia during the Neoproterozoic.
文摘Dear Editor,Since 2024,the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5N1 viruses have been identified in dairy cattle in the United States,raising global concerns about public health(Neumann and Kawaoka,2024).As of December 18,2024,the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)has reported over 61 confirmed cases of H5N1 infection in humans,predominantly associated with exposure to infected poultry or dairy cattle(U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,2024).Notably,the circulating 2.3.4.4b H5N1 clade has demonstrated continuous evolution in both wild and domestic birds globally,with expanding mammalian host tropism that now includes swine,cats,red foxes,harbor seals,and skunks(Peacock et al.,2024).These viruses have not only incurred substantial economic impacts but also posed dual threats to human health and ecological stability particularly during co-infections with other viruses(Abolnik,2024;Wang and Wang,2023).
基金Supported by Young Talent Project of Air Force Medical Center,No.2022YXQN008and Rapid Response Project of Air Force Medical University,No.2023KXKT041.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression,anxiety,and insomnia were found out that were significant relevance to the mental health impact of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)lock-down.AIM To examine the interrelationships among perceived severity,anxiety,depression,insomnia,and sense of security in Chinese community residents during the COVID-19 lockdown period.METHODS Participants were selected using simple random sampling from four large gated communities in Chengdu,China.All participants were invited to complete a survey that included the Perceived Severity Questionnaire,Security Question-naire,Patient Health Questionnaire-9,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item,and Insomnia Severity Index-7.In total,568 valid questionnaires were gathered.Co-rrelation analysis and structural equation models were used to explore the rela-RESULTS The observed prevalence rates of anxiety,depression,and insomnia among residents during lockdown were 27.5%,17.6%,and 16.0%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that both perceived severity and sense of security were positively correlated with anxiety,depression,and insomnia[Pearson’s r was perceived severity and anxiety r=0.44(P<0.01);with depression r=0.48(P<0.01);with insomnia r=0.43(P<0.01);security with anxiety r=-0.65(P<0.01);with depression r=-0.65(P<0.01);with insomnia r=-0.53(P<0.01)].Structural equation modeling and bootstrap tests revealed that sense of security acted as a significant mediator in the relationship between perceived severity and emotional and sleep disorders(anxiety,depression,and insomnia).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that sense of security is a significant predictor of emotional and sleep disorders(namely,depression,anxiety,and insomnia)among residents during the COVID-19 lockdown,with sense of security acting as a mediating factor.These findings suggest that mental health interventions for Chinese community residents during lockdowns may benefit from developing community-based educational programs to reduce perceived severity and ensuring the stable supply of essential resources and promoting social support networks to enhance the sense of security.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101962)the Science and Technology Program of Tianjin,China(Grant number 22JCQNJC01200)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(LY21B060007)the Horizontal Project(KYY-HX-20210848).
文摘Chlorogenic acid(CGA),as a polyphenol abundant in daily diet,exerted various intestinal functions.However,the material basis of its intestinal bioactivities was still unclear.Our study investigated the gastrointestinal distribution of CGA using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrum(UPLC-MS/MS)and explored the main drivers leading to different metabolic fates of the metabolites.After oral administration of 50 mg/kg bw CGA to mice,CGA and sulfated metabolites were mainly determined in small intestine.Protocatechuic acid,catechol,and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid were found in copious amounts in large intestine and feces.Besides,caffeic acid existed in the entire intestine and feces.In the in vitro mice/human fecal fermentation of CGA,the production of metabolites was consistent with that in the colon,indicating that microorganisms might lead to the difference in the gastrointestinal distribution of CGA metabolites.Moreover,CGA,3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid,protocatechuic acid,catechol,and caffeic acid reduced proinflammatory cytokines(interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α))and increased mucin(Muc2)and tight junction(occludin)mRNA in LPS-induced Caco-2/HT-29 MTX co-culture cells.In conclusion,the biotransformation of CGA in different gastrointestinal tracts varied significantly,and its metabolites could partially support its intestinal bioactivities.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(NKPs)(2022YFC2604101).
文摘Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for morbidity caused by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID19).In older individuals,a dysregulated immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection contributes to disease severity;however,the underlying mechanism remains elusive.In this study,we established an aging mouse model of COVID-19,successfully replicating the development of a relatively severe disease in older adults.Further single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed a distinct immune cell landscape in the infected lungs,accompanied by an over-activated inflammatory response,especially in aging mice.Compared to young mice,aging mice showed extensive neutrophil activation,NETosis,and a dramatic decrease in the number of alveolar macrophages(AMs).Moreover,as important executors of efferocytosis,AMs exhibited a low efferocytotic gene signature and downregulation of multiple efferocytosis receptors in aged mice.Further analysis indicated that the efferocytosis of neutrophils,whether undergoing apoptosis or NETosis,was compromised after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Since efferocytosis is a key process in inflammatory resolution,impaired efferocytosis may contribute to hyperinflammation in aging lungs.Our study reveals the characteristics and role of efferocytosis in aging mice after SARS-CoV-2 infection and provides valuable insights for the potential treatment of COVID-19.
