We present the thorium distribution on the lunar surface derived from observations by the Chang’E-2 gamma-ray spectrometer(CE-2 GRS). This new map shows a similar thorium distribution to previous observations. In com...We present the thorium distribution on the lunar surface derived from observations by the Chang’E-2 gamma-ray spectrometer(CE-2 GRS). This new map shows a similar thorium distribution to previous observations. In combination with this new thorium map and impact cratering model, we investigate the origination of thorium on the Moon’s highlands, which was previously thought to be contributed from Imbrium ejecta. We found that the Imbrium ejecta has a small contribution(~20%–30%) to the thorium on the lunar highlands but most thorium is likely to be indigenous before the deposition of the Imbrium ejecta. This new thorium map also confirms that the eastern highlands have a relatively higher thorium concentration than the western highlands. We propose that the thin crust and large basins on the eastern highlands are responsible for this difference in thorium.展开更多
Ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine leverages ultrasound to amplify the capabilities of engineered nanosystems,paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic breakthroughs in conventional nanomedicine.As a burge...Ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine leverages ultrasound to amplify the capabilities of engineered nanosystems,paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic breakthroughs in conventional nanomedicine.As a burgeoning discipline,past overviews have sometimes offered a fragmented perspective,lacking a comprehensive view.This review presents a systematic exploration of the latest advancements in ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine,with a particular emphasis on oncology.Covered topics include molecular imaging of tumors,separation of tumor markers,penetration through physiological barriers,perforation of cell membranes,targeted drug release and activation strategies,and an array of sonotherapies for oncological treatments.We delve into the research framework of each topic,the foundational design of the nanosystems,and their associated ultrasound activation mechanisms.Moreover,we highlight recent pivotal research aimed at deepening the reader’s understanding of this intricate domain.This review underscores the integration of design and foundational theories within ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine,aspiring to ignite advanced theoretical insights and introduce innovative design paradigms.In conclusion,we outline current challenges and prospective research directions.An enhanced focus on these areas will expedite the advancement of ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11773087)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao(079/2018/A2)
文摘We present the thorium distribution on the lunar surface derived from observations by the Chang’E-2 gamma-ray spectrometer(CE-2 GRS). This new map shows a similar thorium distribution to previous observations. In combination with this new thorium map and impact cratering model, we investigate the origination of thorium on the Moon’s highlands, which was previously thought to be contributed from Imbrium ejecta. We found that the Imbrium ejecta has a small contribution(~20%–30%) to the thorium on the lunar highlands but most thorium is likely to be indigenous before the deposition of the Imbrium ejecta. This new thorium map also confirms that the eastern highlands have a relatively higher thorium concentration than the western highlands. We propose that the thin crust and large basins on the eastern highlands are responsible for this difference in thorium.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271440)the Tianjin Health Research Project(TJWJ2023ZD001).
文摘Ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine leverages ultrasound to amplify the capabilities of engineered nanosystems,paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic breakthroughs in conventional nanomedicine.As a burgeoning discipline,past overviews have sometimes offered a fragmented perspective,lacking a comprehensive view.This review presents a systematic exploration of the latest advancements in ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine,with a particular emphasis on oncology.Covered topics include molecular imaging of tumors,separation of tumor markers,penetration through physiological barriers,perforation of cell membranes,targeted drug release and activation strategies,and an array of sonotherapies for oncological treatments.We delve into the research framework of each topic,the foundational design of the nanosystems,and their associated ultrasound activation mechanisms.Moreover,we highlight recent pivotal research aimed at deepening the reader’s understanding of this intricate domain.This review underscores the integration of design and foundational theories within ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine,aspiring to ignite advanced theoretical insights and introduce innovative design paradigms.In conclusion,we outline current challenges and prospective research directions.An enhanced focus on these areas will expedite the advancement of ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine.
