The pursuit of safer energy storage systems is driving the development of advanced electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries.Traditional liquid electrolytes pose flammability risks,while solid-state alternatives often su...The pursuit of safer energy storage systems is driving the development of advanced electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries.Traditional liquid electrolytes pose flammability risks,while solid-state alternatives often suffer from low ionic conductivity.Gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)emerge as a promising compromise,combining the safety of solids with the ionic conductivity of liquids.Cellulose,an abundant and eco-friendly polymer,presents an ideal base material for sustainable GPEs due to its biocompatibility and mechanical strength.This study systematically investigates how drying methods affect cellulose-based GPEs.Cellulose hydrogels were synthesized through dissolution-crosslinking and processed using vacuum drying(VD),supercritical drying(SCD),and freeze-drying(FD).VD and SCD produced dense membranes with excellent mechanical strength(7.2 MPa)but limited electrolyte uptake(30%–40%).In contrast,FD created a highly porous structure(21.13%porosity)with remarkable electrolyte absorption(638%),leading to superior ionic conductivity(1.22 mS⋅cm^(-1))and lithium-ion transference number(0.28).However,this came at the cost of increased interfacial impedance and poor rate capability,resulting in 81.24%capacity retention after 100 cycles.These findings illuminate the critical balance between electrochemical performance and mechanical properties in cellulose GPEs,providing valuable insights for designing sustainable electrolytes for flexible electronics and electric vehicles.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(52063005)Guizhou Province Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project[2025]general 020Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Funds[2024]020 and[2025]013,ZZSG[2024]015,KXJZ[2025]037.
文摘The pursuit of safer energy storage systems is driving the development of advanced electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries.Traditional liquid electrolytes pose flammability risks,while solid-state alternatives often suffer from low ionic conductivity.Gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)emerge as a promising compromise,combining the safety of solids with the ionic conductivity of liquids.Cellulose,an abundant and eco-friendly polymer,presents an ideal base material for sustainable GPEs due to its biocompatibility and mechanical strength.This study systematically investigates how drying methods affect cellulose-based GPEs.Cellulose hydrogels were synthesized through dissolution-crosslinking and processed using vacuum drying(VD),supercritical drying(SCD),and freeze-drying(FD).VD and SCD produced dense membranes with excellent mechanical strength(7.2 MPa)but limited electrolyte uptake(30%–40%).In contrast,FD created a highly porous structure(21.13%porosity)with remarkable electrolyte absorption(638%),leading to superior ionic conductivity(1.22 mS⋅cm^(-1))and lithium-ion transference number(0.28).However,this came at the cost of increased interfacial impedance and poor rate capability,resulting in 81.24%capacity retention after 100 cycles.These findings illuminate the critical balance between electrochemical performance and mechanical properties in cellulose GPEs,providing valuable insights for designing sustainable electrolytes for flexible electronics and electric vehicles.
