Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachm...Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachment and complex fabrication process introduce surface defects,compromising device stability and efficiency.In this work,we propose a solution-phase ligand exchange(SPLE)method utilizing inorganic ligands to develop stable p-type lead sulfide(PbS)CQD inks for the first time.Various amounts of tin(Ⅱ)iodide(SnI_(2))were mixed with lead halide(PbX_(2);X=I,Br)in the ligand solution.By precisely controlling the SnI_(2)concentration,we regulate the transition of PbS QDs from n-type to p-type.PbS CQDSCs were fabricated using two different HTL approaches:one with 1,2-ethanedithiol(EDT)-passivated QDs via the LbL method(control)and another with inorganic ligand-passivated QD ink(target).The target devices achieved a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.93%,compared to 9.83%for the control devices.This improvement is attributed to reduced interfacial defects and enhanced carrier mobility.The proposed technique offers an efficient pathway for producing stable p-type PbS CQD inks using inorganic ligands,paving the way for high-performance and flexible CQD-based optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Anaerobic digestion(AD),as an eco-friendly biological process,shows potential for the decomposition of leachate produced by waste incineration power plants.In this study,the effects of Fe oxides nano-modified pumice(F...Anaerobic digestion(AD),as an eco-friendly biological process,shows potential for the decomposition of leachate produced by waste incineration power plants.In this study,the effects of Fe oxides nano-modified pumice(FNP)were investigated on the fresh leachate AD process.Firstly,a simple hydrothermal method was used to prepare FNP,then introduced into the UASB reactor to evaluate its AD efficiency.Results showed that the inclusion of FNP could shorten the lag phase by 10 days compared to the control group.Furthermore,cumulative methane production in the FNP group was enhanced by 20.11%.Mechanistic studies suggested that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis in the FNP group was more pronounced due to the influence of key enzymes(i.e.,dehydrogenase and coenzyme F420).Microbial community analysis demonstrated that FNP could enhance the abundance of Methanosarcina,Proteobacteria,Sytrophomonas,and Limnobacter,which might elevate enzyme activity involved in methane production.These findings suggest that FNP might mediate interspecies electron transfer among these microorganisms,which is essential for efficient leachate treatment.展开更多
Large-scale synoptic patterns significantly affect meteorological conditions and air pollution,yet their impacts on the vertical distribution of formaldehyde(HCHO)and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))have been little studied.F...Large-scale synoptic patterns significantly affect meteorological conditions and air pollution,yet their impacts on the vertical distribution of formaldehyde(HCHO)and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))have been little studied.From 1 June 2020 to 31 December 2021,Multi-AXis-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS)was used to observe NO_(2) and HCHO vertical profiles in three typical environments of Shanghai,China,representing urban,suburban and coastal rural environments,respectively.HCHO level is the highest at suburban site,NO_(2) is the highest at urban site.HCHO is mainly distributed between 0 and 1 kmin altitude,and NO_(2) is concentrated near the ground.The ratio of HCHO to NO_(2) is used to identify ozone formation regimes,ozone sensitivities vary with environmental area,season and altitude.The principal component analysis in the T-mode approach and typhoon“In-Fa”case is applied to analyze the effects of synoptic patterns on HCHO and NO_(2) vertically.HCHO concentrations show a pattern of low-pressure type>uniform-pressure type>high-pressure type at each altitude layer,while NO_(2) concentrations follow the opposite pattern.Meteorological factors(especially radiation,temperature,relative humidity,cloud cover and wind),external transport and initial emissions contribute to the differences in HCHO and NO_(2) levels across synoptic types.The“In-Fa”case shows how this special synoptic pattern elevates HCHO and NO_(2) levels by improving meteorological conditions,boosting biogenic precursors and shifting air mass directions.This study assesses the impacts of synoptic patterns on HCHO and NO_(2) vertical distribution in Shanghai,offering insights into understanding causes of pollution.展开更多
High-Resolution(HR)data on flow fields are critical for accurately evaluating the aerodynamic performance of aircraft.However,acquiring such data through large-scale numerical simulations or wind tunnel experiments is...High-Resolution(HR)data on flow fields are critical for accurately evaluating the aerodynamic performance of aircraft.However,acquiring such data through large-scale numerical simulations or wind tunnel experiments is highly resource intensive.This paper proposes a FlowViT-Diff framework that integrates a Vision Transformer(ViT)with an enhanced denoising diffusion probabilistic model for the Super-Resolution(SR)reconstruction of HR flow fields based on low-resolution inputs.It provides a quick initial prediction of the HR flow field by optimizing the ViT architecture,and incorporates this preliminary output as guidance within an enhanced diffusion model.The latter captures the Gaussian noise distribution during forward diffusion and progressively removes it during backward diffusion to generate the flow field.Experiments on various supercritical airfoils under different flow conditions show that FlowViT-Diff can robustly reconstruct the flow field across multiple levels of downsampling.It obtains more consistent global and local features than traditional SR methods,and yields a 3.6-fold increase in its training speed via transfer learning.Its accuracy of reconstruction of the flow field is 99.7%under ultra-low downsampling.The results demonstrate that Flow Vi T-Diff not only exhibits effective flow field reconstruction capabilities,but also provides two reconstruction strategies,both of which show effective transferability.展开更多
Background:Fuke Huahuang formulation(FHF)is widely used in the treatment of vaginitis,with clinical evidence indicating its promising anti-inflammatory properties.Methods:We explored the bioactive components and poten...Background:Fuke Huahuang formulation(FHF)is widely used in the treatment of vaginitis,with clinical evidence indicating its promising anti-inflammatory properties.Methods:We explored the bioactive components and potential mechanisms of FHF for treating vaginitis,and reveal its pharmacological activities against vaginitis.Results:A total of 12 anti-inflammatory components in FHF and 584 pharmacological targets were identified.Furthermore,1427 vaginitis-associated targets were identified,and 184 intersection targets between FHF and vaginitis were constructed for network analysis.Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed that the therapeutical targets of FHF against vaginitis are involved in modulating inflammatory stress,enhancing immunoregulation,reconstructing the microenvironment,and suppressing cell damage.Molecular docking analysis further suggested the possible direct binding of the bioactive compounds of FHF(fumarine)to the core targets,including AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1(AKT1),Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3),and nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB).Experimental validation found that FHF-treated vaginitis rats exhibited reduced intracellular AKT1,STAT3,and NF-κB protein expressions.Conclusion:Overall,we identified the bioactive compounds and pharmacological mechanisms of FHF against vaginitis,thus offering a theoretical fundament for exploring FHF for treating vaginitis in the future.展开更多
The existing Low-Earth-Orbit(LEO)positioning performance cannot meet the requirements of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)clusters for high-precision real-time positioning in the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)den...The existing Low-Earth-Orbit(LEO)positioning performance cannot meet the requirements of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)clusters for high-precision real-time positioning in the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)denial conditions.Therefore,this paper proposes a UAV Clusters Information Geometry Fusion Positioning(UC-IGFP)method using pseudoranges from the LEO satellites.A novel graph model for linking and computing between the UAV clusters and LEO satellites was established.By utilizing probability to describe the positional states of UAVs and sensor errors,the distributed multivariate Probability Fusion Cooperative Positioning(PF-CP)algorithm is proposed to achieve high-precision cooperative positioning and integration of the cluster.Criteria to select the centroid of the cluster were set.A new Kalman filter algorithm that is suitable for UAV clusters was designed based on the global benchmark and Riemann information geometry theory,which overcomes the discontinuity problem caused by the change of cluster centroids.Finally,the UC-IGFP method achieves the LEO continuous highprecision positioning of UAV clusters.The proposed method effectively addresses the positioning challenges caused by the strong direction of signal beams from LEO satellites and the insufficient constraint quantity of information sources at the edge nodes of the cluster.It significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of LEO-UAV cluster positioning.The results of comprehensive simulation experiments show that the proposed method has a 30.5%improvement in performance over the mainstream positioning methods,with a positioning error of 14.267 m.展开更多
5G-Advanced(5G-A),an evolutionary iteration of 5G,effectively enhances 5G services.The increasing complexity in downlink services scenarios stresses the necessity for research into the integration of efficient communi...5G-Advanced(5G-A),an evolutionary iteration of 5G,effectively enhances 5G services.The increasing complexity in downlink services scenarios stresses the necessity for research into the integration of efficient communication with low-carbon solutions.Historically,there has been an emphasis on reliability and precision,at the expense of power consumption.Although energy-saving technologies like Idle mode-Discontinuous Reception(IDRX)and Paging Early Indication(PEI)have been introduced to reduce power consumption in UE,they have not been fully tailored to the paging characteristics of 5G-A downlink services.In this paper,we take full account of the impact of paging message density on energy saving measures and propose an enhanced paging technology,termed Predictive-PEI(PPEI),which is designed to reduce UE overhead while minimizing latency whenever possible.Towards this end,we design a dual threshold decision framework founded on machine learning,mainly involving two steps.We first use the LSTM-FNN neural network to forecast the arrival moment of upcoming paging messages based on past real information.Then,the output of the initial prediction is as the input of the next dual threshold decision algorithm,to determine the optimal moment for transmitting the PEI.The restrictive factors,encompass average delay threshold and cache capacity threshold,playing a role in decisions regarding paging message caching and decoding.Compared to the existing schemes,our PPEI scheme flexibly sends efficient PEI according to the actual paging characteristics by introducing machine learning,resulting in substantial power savings of up to 38.89%while concurrently ensuring effective latency control.展开更多
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,its application in higher education has gradually shifted from traditional teaching aids to deeper levels of interactive learning and emotional conne...With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,its application in higher education has gradually shifted from traditional teaching aids to deeper levels of interactive learning and emotional connection support.AI can enhance teaching efficiency,personalized learning,and real-time feedback;however,in areas such as emotional communication and teacher-student interaction,AI still cannot fully replace the role of teachers.This study aims to explore the transformation of teacher-student relationships in the era of AI,analyze the impact of AI technology on teaching interaction,emotional support,and teacher-student trust,and propose strategies to address these challenges.The research findings indicate that while AI has significant advantages in improving educational efficiency,it has limitations in interpersonal emotional support and the transformation of the teacher’s role.To ensure the comprehensiveness and humanization of education,educators should strengthen emotional care and improve students’emotional literacy in the use of AI,and implement transparent data management and privacy protection measures to enhance teacher-student trust.The study also suggests that by enhancing teacher-student trust,strengthening emotional support,and increasing transparency,educators can effectively address the challenges of teacher-student relationships in the AI era.This research provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the integration of AI technology with educational humanistic care,promoting more comprehensive,personalized,and humane educational development.展开更多
Programmed cell death(PCD)plays a crucial role in the biological processes of living organisms and occurs in various forms,such as apoptosis,necroptosis and ferroptosis.However,traditional methods for PCD analysis are...Programmed cell death(PCD)plays a crucial role in the biological processes of living organisms and occurs in various forms,such as apoptosis,necroptosis and ferroptosis.However,traditional methods for PCD analysis are time-consuming and complex.In this paper,we propose a facile surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)-based strategy for the real-time analysis of three PCD patterns utilizing black phosphorus–gold nanoparticles(BP–Au NPs)as the ultrasensitive unlabeled Raman probe.BP–Au NPs,which possess excellent biocompatibility,are capable of detecting dye molecules at concentrations as low as 5×10^(-8)M and remain stable for at least one week in different physiological environments.In view of this,BP–Au NPs-based SERS technique can distinguish the tiny differences in the molecular fingerprints of cancer cells undergoing three PCD patterns(apoptosis,necroptosis and ferroptosis)triggered by doxorubicin,shikonin and erastin,respectively.We also have real-time monitoring of the intracellular molecular events during PCD,which spy the fluctuations of some typical SERS bands assigned to protein,DNA and lipid,revealing the unique phenotypic characteristics of each PCD pattern.This strategy provides a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of drug-induced PCD at the Raman level.展开更多
The ambiguity of etiology makes temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJOA)“difficult-to-treat”.Emerging evidence underscores the therapeutic promise of exosomes in osteoarthritis management.Nonetheless,challenges...The ambiguity of etiology makes temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJOA)“difficult-to-treat”.Emerging evidence underscores the therapeutic promise of exosomes in osteoarthritis management.Nonetheless,challenges such as low yields and insignificant efficacy of current exosome therapies necessitate significant advances.Addressing lower strontium(Sr)levels in arthritic synovial microenvironment,we studied the effect of Sr element on exosomes and miRNA selectively loading in synovial mesenchymal stem cells(SMSCs).Here,we developed an optimized system that boosts the yield of SMSC-derived exosomes(SMSCEXOs)and improves their miRNA profiles with an elevated proportion of beneficial miRNAs,while reducing harmful ones by pretreating SMSCs with Sr.Compared to untreated SMSC-EXOs,Sr-pretreated SMSC-derived exosomes(Sr-SMSC-EXOs)demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy by mitigating chondrocyte ferroptosis and reducing osteoclast-mediated joint pain in TMJOA.Our results illustrate Alix’s crucial role in Sr-triggered miRNA loading,identifying miR-143-3p as a key anti-TMJOA exosomal component.Interestingly,this system is specifically oriented towards synovium-derived stem cells.The insight into trace elementdriven,site-specific miRNA selectively loading in SMSC-EXOs proposes a promising therapeutic enhancement strategy for TMJOA.展开更多
This article aims to analyze the development and shortcomings in women’s education in Asia during the past two decades.Asian women students have been subjected to numerous forms of discrimination and unequal treatmen...This article aims to analyze the development and shortcomings in women’s education in Asia during the past two decades.Asian women students have been subjected to numerous forms of discrimination and unequal treatment in school and the global labor market,despite the efforts of educators,politicians,and many related stakeholders.The article first critically examines several theories of globalization and education from the perspective of equity.It then analyzes several typical pieces of study on the obstacles that Asian women students encounter both before and after graduation to draw implications for future research.展开更多
An in situ coupling strategy to prepare Co_9S_8/S and N dual?doped graphene composite(Co_9S_8/NSG) has been proposed. The key point of this strategy is the function?oriented design of organic compounds. Herein, cobalt...An in situ coupling strategy to prepare Co_9S_8/S and N dual?doped graphene composite(Co_9S_8/NSG) has been proposed. The key point of this strategy is the function?oriented design of organic compounds. Herein, cobalt porphyrin derivatives with sulfo groups are employed as not only the coupling agents to form and anchor Co_9S_8 on the graphene in situ, but also the heteroatom?doped agent to generate S and N dual?doped graphene. The tight coupling of multiple active sites endows the composite materials with fast electrochemical kinetics and excellent stability for both oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER). The obtained electrocatalyst exhibits better activity parameter(ΔE = 0.82 V) and smaller Tafel slope(47.7 mV dec^(-1) for ORR and 69.2 mV dec^(-1) for OER) than commercially available Pt/C and RuO_2. Most importantly, as electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air battery, Co_9S_8/NSG displays low charge–discharge voltage gap and outstanding long?term cycle stability over 138 h compared to Pt/C–RuO_2. To further broaden its application scope, a homemade all?solid?state Zn–air battery is also prepared, which displays good charge–discharge performance and cycle performance. The function?oriented design of N_4?metallomacrocycle derivatives might open new avenues to strategic construction of high?performance and long?life multifunctional electrocatalysts for wider electro?chemical energy applications.展开更多
Samples of methane molecules grade diameter channel CHA-type molecular sieves(Chabazite-K, SAPO-34 and SSZ-13) were investigated using the adsorption separation of CH4/N2 mixtures. The isotherms recorded for CH4 and N...Samples of methane molecules grade diameter channel CHA-type molecular sieves(Chabazite-K, SAPO-34 and SSZ-13) were investigated using the adsorption separation of CH4/N2 mixtures. The isotherms recorded for CH4 and N2 follow a typical type-Ι behavior, which were fitted well with the Sips model(R2>0.999) and the selectivity was calculated using IAST theory. The results reveal that Chabazite-K has the highest selectivity(SCH4/N= 5.5).2 SSZ-13 has the largest capacity, which can adsorb up to a maximum of 30.957 cm3·g-1(STP) of CH4, due to it having the largest pore volume and surface area, but the lowest selectivity(SCH4/N2= 2.5). From the breakthrough test, we can conclude that SSZ-13 may be a suitable candidate for the recovery of CH4 from low concentration methane(CH4<20%) based on its larger pore volume and higher CH4 capacity. Chabazite-K is more suited to the separation of high concentration methane(CH4>50%) due to its higher selectivity.展开更多
Populations and metropolitan centers are accumulated in coastal areas around the world.In view of the fact that they are geographically adjacent to coasts and intense anthropogenic activities,increasing global offshor...Populations and metropolitan centers are accumulated in coastal areas around the world.In view of the fact that they are geographically adjacent to coasts and intense anthropogenic activities,increasing global offshore pollution has been an important worldwide concern over the past several decades and has become a very serious problem that needs to be addressed urgently.Due to offshore pollution,various geological disasters occur in high frequency,including intensified erosion and salinization of coastal soils,frequent geological collapses and landslides and increasing seismic activities.Moreover,offshore pollution shows increasingly serious impacts on the topography and geomorphology of offshore and coastal areas,including coastal degradation,retreating coastlines and estuary delta erosion.Offshore sedimentation processes are strongly influenced by the pH changes of terrestrial discharges,and sedimentary dynamics have become extremely acute and complex due to offshore pollution.The seabed topography and hydrodynamic environment determine the fate and transport of pollutants entering offshore regions.Coastal estuaries,port basins and lagoons that have relatively moderate ocean currents and winds are more likely to accumulate pollutants.Offshore regions and undersea canyons can be used as conduits for transporting pollutants from the continent to the seabed.It is particularly noteworthy that the spatial/temporal distribution of species,community structures,and ecological functions in offshore areas have undergone unprecedented changes in recent decades.Due to increasing offshore pollution,the stable succession and development trend of marine ecosystems has been broken.It is thus important to identify and regulate the quantity,composition and transportation of pollutants in offshore regions and their behavior in marine ecosystems.In particular,crucial actions for stabilizing marine ecosystems,including increasing species and biodiversity,should be implemented to enhance their anti-interference capabilities.This review provides an overview of the current situation of offshore pollution,as well as major trends of pollutant fate and transportation from continent to marine ecosystems,transformation of pollutants in sediments,and their bioaccumulation and diffusion.This study retrospectively reviews the long-term geological evolution of offshore pollution from the perspective of marine geology,and analyses their long-term potential impacts on marine ecosystems.Due to ecological risks associated with pollutants released from offshore sediments,more research on the influence of global offshore pollution based on marine geology is undoubtedly needed.展开更多
The decrease in aerodynamic performance caused by the shock-induced dynamic stall of an advancing blade and the dynamic stall of a retreating blade at low speed and high angles of attack limits the flight speed of a h...The decrease in aerodynamic performance caused by the shock-induced dynamic stall of an advancing blade and the dynamic stall of a retreating blade at low speed and high angles of attack limits the flight speed of a helicopter.However,little research has been carried on the flow control methods employed to suppress both the dynamic stall induced by a shock wave and the dynamic stall occurring at high angles of attack.The dynamic stall suppression of a rotor airfoil by Co-Flow Jet(CFJ)is numerically investigated in this work.The flowfield of the airfoil is simulated by solving Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations based on the sliding mesh technique.Firstly,to improve the effect of a traditional CFJ on suppressing rotor airfoil shock-induced dynamic stall,an improved CFJ—a CFJ-sloping slot is proposed.Research shows that the CFJsloping slot suppresses the shock-induced dynamic stall more effectively than a traditional CFJ.Moreover,the improved CFJ can also suppress the dynamic stall of rotor airfoil at low speed and high angles of attack.The improved CFJ proposed in this paper is an effective flow control method that simultaneously suppresses the dynamic stall of the advancing and retreating blades.The mechanism of the improved CFJ in suppressing the dynamic stall of the rotor airfoil is studied,and a comparison is made between the improved CFJ and the traditional CFJ in terms of dynamic stall suppression at high and low speed.Finally,the effect of improved CFJ parameters(the jet momentum coefficient,the position of the injection/suction slot,and the size of the injection/suction slot)on shock-induced dynamic stall suppression is analyzed.展开更多
Background:Meat quality is largely driven by fat deposition,which is regulated by several genes and signaling pathways.The cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-regulated transcriptional coactivator 3(CRTC3)is a coacti...Background:Meat quality is largely driven by fat deposition,which is regulated by several genes and signaling pathways.The cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-regulated transcriptional coactivator 3(CRTC3)is a coactivator of cAMP response element binding protein(CREB)that mediates the function of protein kinase A(PKA)signaling pathway and is involved in various biological processes including lipid and energy metabolism.However,the effects of CRTC3 on the metabolome and transcriptome of porcine subcutaneous adipocytes have not been studied yet.Here,we tested whether porcine CRTC3 expression would be related to fat deposition in Heigai pigs(a local fatty breed in China)and Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire(DLY,a lean breed)pigs in vivo.The effects of adenovirus-induced CRTC3 overexpression on the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles of subcutaneous adipocytes were also determined in vitro by performing mass spectrometry-based metabolomics combined with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq).Results:Porcine CRTC3 expression is associated with fat deposition in vivo.In addition,CRTC3 overexpression increased lipid accumulation and the expression of mature adipocyte-related genes in cultured porcine subcutaneous adipocytes.According to the metabolomic analysis,CRTC3 overexpression induced significant changes in adipocyte lipid,amino acid and nucleotide metabolites in vitro.The RNA-seq analysis suggested that CRTC3 overexpression alters the expression of genes and pathways involved in adipogenesis,fatty acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism in vitro.Conclusions:We identified significant alterations in the metabolite composition and the expression of genes and pathways involved in lipid metabolism in CRTC3-overexpressing adipocytes.Our results suggest that CRTC3 might play an important regulatory role in lipid metabolism and thus affects lipid accumulation in porcine subcutaneous adipocytes.展开更多
An automatic detection method is employed to identify and track eddies in the Gulf of Mexico. The physical parameters of the eddies, such as lifespan, radius, and distribution position are first examined and used to d...An automatic detection method is employed to identify and track eddies in the Gulf of Mexico. The physical parameters of the eddies, such as lifespan, radius, and distribution position are first examined and used to determine the spatio–temporal evolution of a strong warm eddy separated from the Mexico current. Then, the influence of this strong warm eddy on sound propagation during its lifespan are comprehensively analyzed with the parabolic equation and explained by using the normal mode and ray theories. Additionally, the influence of mesoscale eddies on the redistribution of total depth-integrated energy among the normal modes in the deep water is also discussed. The variation of arrival angle is investigated to explain the spreading acoustic energy caused by eddies. Overall, the results show that warm eddies can change the propagation paths and cause the convergence zone to broaden and approach the sound source. Moreover,the warm eddy can disperse sound energy and cause the total depth-integrated energy to incline to a lower normal mode.Throughout the whole of these three periods(eddy generating, eddy maturing, and eddy terminating), the fluctuation in the transmission loss is up to 30 dB(depending on the relative location of eddy center to the source).展开更多
基金supported by MEXT KAKENHI Grant(24K01295,26286013).
文摘Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachment and complex fabrication process introduce surface defects,compromising device stability and efficiency.In this work,we propose a solution-phase ligand exchange(SPLE)method utilizing inorganic ligands to develop stable p-type lead sulfide(PbS)CQD inks for the first time.Various amounts of tin(Ⅱ)iodide(SnI_(2))were mixed with lead halide(PbX_(2);X=I,Br)in the ligand solution.By precisely controlling the SnI_(2)concentration,we regulate the transition of PbS QDs from n-type to p-type.PbS CQDSCs were fabricated using two different HTL approaches:one with 1,2-ethanedithiol(EDT)-passivated QDs via the LbL method(control)and another with inorganic ligand-passivated QD ink(target).The target devices achieved a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.93%,compared to 9.83%for the control devices.This improvement is attributed to reduced interfacial defects and enhanced carrier mobility.The proposed technique offers an efficient pathway for producing stable p-type PbS CQD inks using inorganic ligands,paving the way for high-performance and flexible CQD-based optoelectronic devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC0408500)the Scientific Research Project of China State Construction Engineering Corporation Limited(CSCEC-2022-K-(36))the Scientific Research Project of CSCEC AECOM Consultants Corporation Limited(XBSZKY2216).
文摘Anaerobic digestion(AD),as an eco-friendly biological process,shows potential for the decomposition of leachate produced by waste incineration power plants.In this study,the effects of Fe oxides nano-modified pumice(FNP)were investigated on the fresh leachate AD process.Firstly,a simple hydrothermal method was used to prepare FNP,then introduced into the UASB reactor to evaluate its AD efficiency.Results showed that the inclusion of FNP could shorten the lag phase by 10 days compared to the control group.Furthermore,cumulative methane production in the FNP group was enhanced by 20.11%.Mechanistic studies suggested that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis in the FNP group was more pronounced due to the influence of key enzymes(i.e.,dehydrogenase and coenzyme F420).Microbial community analysis demonstrated that FNP could enhance the abundance of Methanosarcina,Proteobacteria,Sytrophomonas,and Limnobacter,which might elevate enzyme activity involved in methane production.These findings suggest that FNP might mediate interspecies electron transfer among these microorganisms,which is essential for efficient leachate treatment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3705301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22176037,42075097,22376030,42375089,and 21976031).
文摘Large-scale synoptic patterns significantly affect meteorological conditions and air pollution,yet their impacts on the vertical distribution of formaldehyde(HCHO)and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))have been little studied.From 1 June 2020 to 31 December 2021,Multi-AXis-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS)was used to observe NO_(2) and HCHO vertical profiles in three typical environments of Shanghai,China,representing urban,suburban and coastal rural environments,respectively.HCHO level is the highest at suburban site,NO_(2) is the highest at urban site.HCHO is mainly distributed between 0 and 1 kmin altitude,and NO_(2) is concentrated near the ground.The ratio of HCHO to NO_(2) is used to identify ozone formation regimes,ozone sensitivities vary with environmental area,season and altitude.The principal component analysis in the T-mode approach and typhoon“In-Fa”case is applied to analyze the effects of synoptic patterns on HCHO and NO_(2) vertically.HCHO concentrations show a pattern of low-pressure type>uniform-pressure type>high-pressure type at each altitude layer,while NO_(2) concentrations follow the opposite pattern.Meteorological factors(especially radiation,temperature,relative humidity,cloud cover and wind),external transport and initial emissions contribute to the differences in HCHO and NO_(2) levels across synoptic types.The“In-Fa”case shows how this special synoptic pattern elevates HCHO and NO_(2) levels by improving meteorological conditions,boosting biogenic precursors and shifting air mass directions.This study assesses the impacts of synoptic patterns on HCHO and NO_(2) vertical distribution in Shanghai,offering insights into understanding causes of pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12472265)。
文摘High-Resolution(HR)data on flow fields are critical for accurately evaluating the aerodynamic performance of aircraft.However,acquiring such data through large-scale numerical simulations or wind tunnel experiments is highly resource intensive.This paper proposes a FlowViT-Diff framework that integrates a Vision Transformer(ViT)with an enhanced denoising diffusion probabilistic model for the Super-Resolution(SR)reconstruction of HR flow fields based on low-resolution inputs.It provides a quick initial prediction of the HR flow field by optimizing the ViT architecture,and incorporates this preliminary output as guidance within an enhanced diffusion model.The latter captures the Gaussian noise distribution during forward diffusion and progressively removes it during backward diffusion to generate the flow field.Experiments on various supercritical airfoils under different flow conditions show that FlowViT-Diff can robustly reconstruct the flow field across multiple levels of downsampling.It obtains more consistent global and local features than traditional SR methods,and yields a 3.6-fold increase in its training speed via transfer learning.Its accuracy of reconstruction of the flow field is 99.7%under ultra-low downsampling.The results demonstrate that Flow Vi T-Diff not only exhibits effective flow field reconstruction capabilities,but also provides two reconstruction strategies,both of which show effective transferability.
文摘Background:Fuke Huahuang formulation(FHF)is widely used in the treatment of vaginitis,with clinical evidence indicating its promising anti-inflammatory properties.Methods:We explored the bioactive components and potential mechanisms of FHF for treating vaginitis,and reveal its pharmacological activities against vaginitis.Results:A total of 12 anti-inflammatory components in FHF and 584 pharmacological targets were identified.Furthermore,1427 vaginitis-associated targets were identified,and 184 intersection targets between FHF and vaginitis were constructed for network analysis.Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed that the therapeutical targets of FHF against vaginitis are involved in modulating inflammatory stress,enhancing immunoregulation,reconstructing the microenvironment,and suppressing cell damage.Molecular docking analysis further suggested the possible direct binding of the bioactive compounds of FHF(fumarine)to the core targets,including AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1(AKT1),Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3),and nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB).Experimental validation found that FHF-treated vaginitis rats exhibited reduced intracellular AKT1,STAT3,and NF-κB protein expressions.Conclusion:Overall,we identified the bioactive compounds and pharmacological mechanisms of FHF against vaginitis,thus offering a theoretical fundament for exploring FHF for treating vaginitis in the future.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62171375,62271397,62001392,62101458,62173276,61803310 and 61801394)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation ProgramChina(No.JCYJ20220530161615033)。
文摘The existing Low-Earth-Orbit(LEO)positioning performance cannot meet the requirements of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)clusters for high-precision real-time positioning in the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)denial conditions.Therefore,this paper proposes a UAV Clusters Information Geometry Fusion Positioning(UC-IGFP)method using pseudoranges from the LEO satellites.A novel graph model for linking and computing between the UAV clusters and LEO satellites was established.By utilizing probability to describe the positional states of UAVs and sensor errors,the distributed multivariate Probability Fusion Cooperative Positioning(PF-CP)algorithm is proposed to achieve high-precision cooperative positioning and integration of the cluster.Criteria to select the centroid of the cluster were set.A new Kalman filter algorithm that is suitable for UAV clusters was designed based on the global benchmark and Riemann information geometry theory,which overcomes the discontinuity problem caused by the change of cluster centroids.Finally,the UC-IGFP method achieves the LEO continuous highprecision positioning of UAV clusters.The proposed method effectively addresses the positioning challenges caused by the strong direction of signal beams from LEO satellites and the insufficient constraint quantity of information sources at the edge nodes of the cluster.It significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of LEO-UAV cluster positioning.The results of comprehensive simulation experiments show that the proposed method has a 30.5%improvement in performance over the mainstream positioning methods,with a positioning error of 14.267 m.
基金supported in part by the State Grid Corporation Headquarters Science and Technology Project(Project Code:5108-202218280A-2-410-XG)in part by Beijing New Generation Information and Communication Technology Innovation Project(Project Code:Z231100005923026).
文摘5G-Advanced(5G-A),an evolutionary iteration of 5G,effectively enhances 5G services.The increasing complexity in downlink services scenarios stresses the necessity for research into the integration of efficient communication with low-carbon solutions.Historically,there has been an emphasis on reliability and precision,at the expense of power consumption.Although energy-saving technologies like Idle mode-Discontinuous Reception(IDRX)and Paging Early Indication(PEI)have been introduced to reduce power consumption in UE,they have not been fully tailored to the paging characteristics of 5G-A downlink services.In this paper,we take full account of the impact of paging message density on energy saving measures and propose an enhanced paging technology,termed Predictive-PEI(PPEI),which is designed to reduce UE overhead while minimizing latency whenever possible.Towards this end,we design a dual threshold decision framework founded on machine learning,mainly involving two steps.We first use the LSTM-FNN neural network to forecast the arrival moment of upcoming paging messages based on past real information.Then,the output of the initial prediction is as the input of the next dual threshold decision algorithm,to determine the optimal moment for transmitting the PEI.The restrictive factors,encompass average delay threshold and cache capacity threshold,playing a role in decisions regarding paging message caching and decoding.Compared to the existing schemes,our PPEI scheme flexibly sends efficient PEI according to the actual paging characteristics by introducing machine learning,resulting in substantial power savings of up to 38.89%while concurrently ensuring effective latency control.
基金The 2024 Higher Education Teaching Reform Project of Guangdong University of Science and Technology,“Teaching Practice of Human Resource Management Course Based on SPOC+FC Hybrid Teaching Mode”(GKZLGC2024024)。
文摘With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,its application in higher education has gradually shifted from traditional teaching aids to deeper levels of interactive learning and emotional connection support.AI can enhance teaching efficiency,personalized learning,and real-time feedback;however,in areas such as emotional communication and teacher-student interaction,AI still cannot fully replace the role of teachers.This study aims to explore the transformation of teacher-student relationships in the era of AI,analyze the impact of AI technology on teaching interaction,emotional support,and teacher-student trust,and propose strategies to address these challenges.The research findings indicate that while AI has significant advantages in improving educational efficiency,it has limitations in interpersonal emotional support and the transformation of the teacher’s role.To ensure the comprehensiveness and humanization of education,educators should strengthen emotional care and improve students’emotional literacy in the use of AI,and implement transparent data management and privacy protection measures to enhance teacher-student trust.The study also suggests that by enhancing teacher-student trust,strengthening emotional support,and increasing transparency,educators can effectively address the challenges of teacher-student relationships in the AI era.This research provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the integration of AI technology with educational humanistic care,promoting more comprehensive,personalized,and humane educational development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175071 and 32071399)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515011988 and 2021A1515110265)+2 种基金the Project of the Education Department of Guangdong Province,China(2021KTSCX238 and 2022ZDZX2077)the Project of Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College(2020ZR01,2022ZR02 and 2024GCZX01)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine(Fujian Normal University),Ministry of Education,China(JYG2008 and JYG2009).
文摘Programmed cell death(PCD)plays a crucial role in the biological processes of living organisms and occurs in various forms,such as apoptosis,necroptosis and ferroptosis.However,traditional methods for PCD analysis are time-consuming and complex.In this paper,we propose a facile surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)-based strategy for the real-time analysis of three PCD patterns utilizing black phosphorus–gold nanoparticles(BP–Au NPs)as the ultrasensitive unlabeled Raman probe.BP–Au NPs,which possess excellent biocompatibility,are capable of detecting dye molecules at concentrations as low as 5×10^(-8)M and remain stable for at least one week in different physiological environments.In view of this,BP–Au NPs-based SERS technique can distinguish the tiny differences in the molecular fingerprints of cancer cells undergoing three PCD patterns(apoptosis,necroptosis and ferroptosis)triggered by doxorubicin,shikonin and erastin,respectively.We also have real-time monitoring of the intracellular molecular events during PCD,which spy the fluctuations of some typical SERS bands assigned to protein,DNA and lipid,revealing the unique phenotypic characteristics of each PCD pattern.This strategy provides a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of drug-induced PCD at the Raman level.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82271019,82472149,82471024)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.24ZDYF0099)Research and Develop Program,West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University(RD-03-202101)to J.W.
文摘The ambiguity of etiology makes temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJOA)“difficult-to-treat”.Emerging evidence underscores the therapeutic promise of exosomes in osteoarthritis management.Nonetheless,challenges such as low yields and insignificant efficacy of current exosome therapies necessitate significant advances.Addressing lower strontium(Sr)levels in arthritic synovial microenvironment,we studied the effect of Sr element on exosomes and miRNA selectively loading in synovial mesenchymal stem cells(SMSCs).Here,we developed an optimized system that boosts the yield of SMSC-derived exosomes(SMSCEXOs)and improves their miRNA profiles with an elevated proportion of beneficial miRNAs,while reducing harmful ones by pretreating SMSCs with Sr.Compared to untreated SMSC-EXOs,Sr-pretreated SMSC-derived exosomes(Sr-SMSC-EXOs)demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy by mitigating chondrocyte ferroptosis and reducing osteoclast-mediated joint pain in TMJOA.Our results illustrate Alix’s crucial role in Sr-triggered miRNA loading,identifying miR-143-3p as a key anti-TMJOA exosomal component.Interestingly,this system is specifically oriented towards synovium-derived stem cells.The insight into trace elementdriven,site-specific miRNA selectively loading in SMSC-EXOs proposes a promising therapeutic enhancement strategy for TMJOA.
文摘This article aims to analyze the development and shortcomings in women’s education in Asia during the past two decades.Asian women students have been subjected to numerous forms of discrimination and unequal treatment in school and the global labor market,despite the efforts of educators,politicians,and many related stakeholders.The article first critically examines several theories of globalization and education from the perspective of equity.It then analyzes several typical pieces of study on the obstacles that Asian women students encounter both before and after graduation to draw implications for future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21404014)the Science & Technology Department of Jilin Province (No. 20170101177JC)
文摘An in situ coupling strategy to prepare Co_9S_8/S and N dual?doped graphene composite(Co_9S_8/NSG) has been proposed. The key point of this strategy is the function?oriented design of organic compounds. Herein, cobalt porphyrin derivatives with sulfo groups are employed as not only the coupling agents to form and anchor Co_9S_8 on the graphene in situ, but also the heteroatom?doped agent to generate S and N dual?doped graphene. The tight coupling of multiple active sites endows the composite materials with fast electrochemical kinetics and excellent stability for both oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER). The obtained electrocatalyst exhibits better activity parameter(ΔE = 0.82 V) and smaller Tafel slope(47.7 mV dec^(-1) for ORR and 69.2 mV dec^(-1) for OER) than commercially available Pt/C and RuO_2. Most importantly, as electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air battery, Co_9S_8/NSG displays low charge–discharge voltage gap and outstanding long?term cycle stability over 138 h compared to Pt/C–RuO_2. To further broaden its application scope, a homemade all?solid?state Zn–air battery is also prepared, which displays good charge–discharge performance and cycle performance. The function?oriented design of N_4?metallomacrocycle derivatives might open new avenues to strategic construction of high?performance and long?life multifunctional electrocatalysts for wider electro?chemical energy applications.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51672186, 21676175)
文摘Samples of methane molecules grade diameter channel CHA-type molecular sieves(Chabazite-K, SAPO-34 and SSZ-13) were investigated using the adsorption separation of CH4/N2 mixtures. The isotherms recorded for CH4 and N2 follow a typical type-Ι behavior, which were fitted well with the Sips model(R2>0.999) and the selectivity was calculated using IAST theory. The results reveal that Chabazite-K has the highest selectivity(SCH4/N= 5.5).2 SSZ-13 has the largest capacity, which can adsorb up to a maximum of 30.957 cm3·g-1(STP) of CH4, due to it having the largest pore volume and surface area, but the lowest selectivity(SCH4/N2= 2.5). From the breakthrough test, we can conclude that SSZ-13 may be a suitable candidate for the recovery of CH4 from low concentration methane(CH4<20%) based on its larger pore volume and higher CH4 capacity. Chabazite-K is more suited to the separation of high concentration methane(CH4>50%) due to its higher selectivity.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China as a Shandong joint key project(Grant No.U1906222)the Ministry of Environmental Science and Technology,People’s Republic of China as a key R&D project(Grant No.2019YFC1804104)the Ministry of Education,People’s Republic of China as a 111 program(Grant No.T2017002)。
文摘Populations and metropolitan centers are accumulated in coastal areas around the world.In view of the fact that they are geographically adjacent to coasts and intense anthropogenic activities,increasing global offshore pollution has been an important worldwide concern over the past several decades and has become a very serious problem that needs to be addressed urgently.Due to offshore pollution,various geological disasters occur in high frequency,including intensified erosion and salinization of coastal soils,frequent geological collapses and landslides and increasing seismic activities.Moreover,offshore pollution shows increasingly serious impacts on the topography and geomorphology of offshore and coastal areas,including coastal degradation,retreating coastlines and estuary delta erosion.Offshore sedimentation processes are strongly influenced by the pH changes of terrestrial discharges,and sedimentary dynamics have become extremely acute and complex due to offshore pollution.The seabed topography and hydrodynamic environment determine the fate and transport of pollutants entering offshore regions.Coastal estuaries,port basins and lagoons that have relatively moderate ocean currents and winds are more likely to accumulate pollutants.Offshore regions and undersea canyons can be used as conduits for transporting pollutants from the continent to the seabed.It is particularly noteworthy that the spatial/temporal distribution of species,community structures,and ecological functions in offshore areas have undergone unprecedented changes in recent decades.Due to increasing offshore pollution,the stable succession and development trend of marine ecosystems has been broken.It is thus important to identify and regulate the quantity,composition and transportation of pollutants in offshore regions and their behavior in marine ecosystems.In particular,crucial actions for stabilizing marine ecosystems,including increasing species and biodiversity,should be implemented to enhance their anti-interference capabilities.This review provides an overview of the current situation of offshore pollution,as well as major trends of pollutant fate and transportation from continent to marine ecosystems,transformation of pollutants in sediments,and their bioaccumulation and diffusion.This study retrospectively reviews the long-term geological evolution of offshore pollution from the perspective of marine geology,and analyses their long-term potential impacts on marine ecosystems.Due to ecological risks associated with pollutants released from offshore sediments,more research on the influence of global offshore pollution based on marine geology is undoubtedly needed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12072305)Equipment Field Preresearch Fund,China(No.61402060205)+1 种基金the Open Fund from Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory of China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,China(No.RAL20190303)the Aeronautics Power Foundation,China(No.6141B09050347)。
文摘The decrease in aerodynamic performance caused by the shock-induced dynamic stall of an advancing blade and the dynamic stall of a retreating blade at low speed and high angles of attack limits the flight speed of a helicopter.However,little research has been carried on the flow control methods employed to suppress both the dynamic stall induced by a shock wave and the dynamic stall occurring at high angles of attack.The dynamic stall suppression of a rotor airfoil by Co-Flow Jet(CFJ)is numerically investigated in this work.The flowfield of the airfoil is simulated by solving Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations based on the sliding mesh technique.Firstly,to improve the effect of a traditional CFJ on suppressing rotor airfoil shock-induced dynamic stall,an improved CFJ—a CFJ-sloping slot is proposed.Research shows that the CFJsloping slot suppresses the shock-induced dynamic stall more effectively than a traditional CFJ.Moreover,the improved CFJ can also suppress the dynamic stall of rotor airfoil at low speed and high angles of attack.The improved CFJ proposed in this paper is an effective flow control method that simultaneously suppresses the dynamic stall of the advancing and retreating blades.The mechanism of the improved CFJ in suppressing the dynamic stall of the rotor airfoil is studied,and a comparison is made between the improved CFJ and the traditional CFJ in terms of dynamic stall suppression at high and low speed.Finally,the effect of improved CFJ parameters(the jet momentum coefficient,the position of the injection/suction slot,and the size of the injection/suction slot)on shock-induced dynamic stall suppression is analyzed.
基金The project was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31722053,31672427)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LR17C170001)the“Hundred Talents Program”funding from Zhejiang University awarded to TZS.
文摘Background:Meat quality is largely driven by fat deposition,which is regulated by several genes and signaling pathways.The cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-regulated transcriptional coactivator 3(CRTC3)is a coactivator of cAMP response element binding protein(CREB)that mediates the function of protein kinase A(PKA)signaling pathway and is involved in various biological processes including lipid and energy metabolism.However,the effects of CRTC3 on the metabolome and transcriptome of porcine subcutaneous adipocytes have not been studied yet.Here,we tested whether porcine CRTC3 expression would be related to fat deposition in Heigai pigs(a local fatty breed in China)and Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire(DLY,a lean breed)pigs in vivo.The effects of adenovirus-induced CRTC3 overexpression on the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles of subcutaneous adipocytes were also determined in vitro by performing mass spectrometry-based metabolomics combined with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq).Results:Porcine CRTC3 expression is associated with fat deposition in vivo.In addition,CRTC3 overexpression increased lipid accumulation and the expression of mature adipocyte-related genes in cultured porcine subcutaneous adipocytes.According to the metabolomic analysis,CRTC3 overexpression induced significant changes in adipocyte lipid,amino acid and nucleotide metabolites in vitro.The RNA-seq analysis suggested that CRTC3 overexpression alters the expression of genes and pathways involved in adipogenesis,fatty acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism in vitro.Conclusions:We identified significant alterations in the metabolite composition and the expression of genes and pathways involved in lipid metabolism in CRTC3-overexpressing adipocytes.Our results suggest that CRTC3 might play an important regulatory role in lipid metabolism and thus affects lipid accumulation in porcine subcutaneous adipocytes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11434012 and 41561144006)
文摘An automatic detection method is employed to identify and track eddies in the Gulf of Mexico. The physical parameters of the eddies, such as lifespan, radius, and distribution position are first examined and used to determine the spatio–temporal evolution of a strong warm eddy separated from the Mexico current. Then, the influence of this strong warm eddy on sound propagation during its lifespan are comprehensively analyzed with the parabolic equation and explained by using the normal mode and ray theories. Additionally, the influence of mesoscale eddies on the redistribution of total depth-integrated energy among the normal modes in the deep water is also discussed. The variation of arrival angle is investigated to explain the spreading acoustic energy caused by eddies. Overall, the results show that warm eddies can change the propagation paths and cause the convergence zone to broaden and approach the sound source. Moreover,the warm eddy can disperse sound energy and cause the total depth-integrated energy to incline to a lower normal mode.Throughout the whole of these three periods(eddy generating, eddy maturing, and eddy terminating), the fluctuation in the transmission loss is up to 30 dB(depending on the relative location of eddy center to the source).
