Pollutants contained in wastewater pose serious harm to the environment.Graphene-based water treatment materials show significant advantages in wastewater treatment.However,with the development of graphene-based mater...Pollutants contained in wastewater pose serious harm to the environment.Graphene-based water treatment materials show significant advantages in wastewater treatment.However,with the development of graphene-based materials,its progress in water treatment has reached a bottleneck.The challenge lies in effectively enhancing its performance in water treatment and ensuring its practicality.By employing biomimetic approaches,some exceptional properties and structures found in nature can be mimicked in graphene materials,effectively enhancing graphene's adsorption and mechanical properties.Current biomimetic methods include biomimetic mineralization,self-assembly,and templating.unfortunately,all of the above methods suffer from the disadvantages of complexity and poor bionic effect.Nevertheless,3D printing,a form of additive manufacturing(AM)technology,offers integrated molding and excellent biomimetic performance in creating biomimetic materials.This paper will cover the following aspects:(1)An overview of objects suitable for bionics in terms of functional and structural aspects,along with their properties,and a discussion of various bionic objects combined with graphene materials in water treatment and related research;(2)a comparison of different methods for preparing graphene-based bionic materials;(3)an examination of the current drawbacks and limitations of graphene-based biomimetic materials;and(4)a conclusion and future prospects,exploring the potential of using 3D printing technology to produce graphene biomimetic materials.This review aims to serve as a guide for effectively leveraging natural inspirations to create graphene-based biomimetic materials and enhance graphene properties.展开更多
DNA barcoding has been widely used for herb identification in recent decades,enabling safety and innovation in the field of herbal medicine.In this article,we summarize recent progress in DNA bar-coding for herbal med...DNA barcoding has been widely used for herb identification in recent decades,enabling safety and innovation in the field of herbal medicine.In this article,we summarize recent progress in DNA bar-coding for herbal medicine to provide ideas for the further development and application of this tech-nology.Most importantly,the standard DNA barcode has been extended in two ways.First,while conventional DNA barcodes have been widely promoted for their versatility in the identification of fresh or well-preserved samples,super-barcodes based on plastid genomes have rapidly developed and have shown advantages in species identification at low taxonomic levels.Second,mini-barcodes are attractive because they perform better in cases of degraded DNA from herbal materials.In addition,some mo-lecular techniques,such as high-throughput sequencing and isothermal amplification,are combined with DNA barcodes for species identification,which has expanded the applications of herb identification based on DNA barcoding and brought about the post-DNA-barcoding era.Furthermore,standard and high-species coverage DNA barcode reference libraries have been constructed to provide reference se-quences for species identification,which increases the accuracy and credibility of species discrimination based on DNA barcodes.In summary,DNA barcoding should play a key role in the quality control of traditional herbal medicine and in the international herb trade.展开更多
The safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a major strategic issue that involves human health. With the continuous improvement in disease prevention and treatment, the export of TCM and its related products ha...The safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a major strategic issue that involves human health. With the continuous improvement in disease prevention and treatment, the export of TCM and its related products has increased dramatically in China. However, the frequent safety issues of Chinese medicine have become the ‘bottleneck' impeding the modernization of TCM. It was proved that mycotoxins seriously affect TCM safety; the pesticide residues of TCM are a key problem in TCM international trade; adulterants have also been detected, which is related to market circulation. These three factors have greatly affected TCM safety. In this study, fast, highly effective, economically-feasible and accurate detection methods concerning TCM safety issues were reviewed, especially on the authenticity, mycotoxins and pesticide residues of medicinal materials.展开更多
Objective: Biofertilizers are reliable alternatives to chemical fertilizers due to various advantages. However, the effect of biofertilizers on Salvia miltiorrhiza yield and quality and the possible mechanisms remain ...Objective: Biofertilizers are reliable alternatives to chemical fertilizers due to various advantages. However, the effect of biofertilizers on Salvia miltiorrhiza yield and quality and the possible mechanisms remain little known. Here, an experiment was conducted in S. miltiorrhiza field treated with two kinds of biofertilizers including Bacillus and microalgae.Methods: A field experiment was conducted on S. miltiorrhiza of one year old. The biofertilizers were applied at six treatments:(i) control check, CK;(ii) microalgae, VZ;(iii) Bacillus, TTB;(iv)microalgae + Bacillus(1:1), VTA;(v) microalgae + Bacillus(0.5:1), VTB;(vi) microalgae+Bacillus(1:0.5),VTC. Here, high-throughput sequencing, ICP-MS and UPLC were employed to systematically characterize changes of microbial diversity and structure composition, heavy metals content and bioactive compounds, respectively.Results: Compared to CK, root biomass increased by 29.31%-60.39%(P < 0.001). Meanwhile, bioactive compounds were higher than CK after the application of the biofertilizers, peculiarly in TTB and VTB.However, the content of Pb contents in roots significantly reduced by 46.03% and 37.58% respectively in VTC and TTB(P<0.05). VTA application notably increased the available nitrogen content by 53.03%(P<0.05), indicating the improvement of soil fertility. Significantly, bacterial and fungal Chao I diversity indices showed an increasing trend with biofertilizer application(P < 0.05), and biofertilizer amendment enriched the rhizosphere soil with beneficial microorganisms that have abilities on promoting plant growth(Achromobacter and Penicillium), adsorbing heavy metal(Achromobacter and Beauveria), controlling plant pathogen(Plectosphaerella, Lechevalieria, Sorangium, Phlebiopsis and Beauveria) and promoting the accumulation of metabolites(Beauveria and Phoma).Conclusion: Bacillus and microalgae biofertilizers improved the quality and biomass of S. miltiorrhiza by altering microbial communities in soil.展开更多
Objective: Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR, Danggui in Chinese), Cistanches Herba(CH, Roucongrong in Chinese), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(PG, Renshen in Chinese), and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQ,Xiyangshen in Chinese), w...Objective: Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR, Danggui in Chinese), Cistanches Herba(CH, Roucongrong in Chinese), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(PG, Renshen in Chinese), and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQ,Xiyangshen in Chinese), widely used as medicine and dietary supplement around the world, are susceptible to fungal and mycotoxin contamination. In this study, we aim to analyze their fungal community by DNA metabarcoding.Methods: A total of 12 root samples were collected from three main production areas in China. The samples were divided into four groups based on herb species, including ASR, CH, PG, and PQ groups. The fungal community on the surface of four root groups was investigated through DNA metabarcoding via targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region(ITS2).Results: All the 12 samples were detected with fungal contamination. Rhizopus(13.04%-74.03%),Aspergillus(1.76%-23.92%), and Fusarium(0.26%-15.27%) were the predominant genera. Ten important fungi were identified at the species level, including two potential toxigenic fungi(Penicillium citrinum and P. oxalicum) and eight human pathogenic fungi(Alternaria infectoria, Candida sake, Hyphopichia burtonii, Malassezia globosa, M. restricta, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Ochroconis tshawytschae). Fungal community in ASR and CH groups was significantly different from other groups,while fungal community in PG and PQ groups was relatively similar.Conclusion: DNA metabarcoding revealed the fungal community in four important root herbs. This study provided an important reference for preventing root herbs against fungal and mycotoxin contamination.展开更多
Objective:To find a suitable ecological cultivation measure to solve the problem of root-knot nematode disease of Panax quinquefolium(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and the heavy metals accumulating in its roots.Methods:T...Objective:To find a suitable ecological cultivation measure to solve the problem of root-knot nematode disease of Panax quinquefolium(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and the heavy metals accumulating in its roots.Methods:Three-year-old P.quinquefolium was treated with four different combinations of microbial inoculant(MI)and garbage fermentation liquid(GFL)[the joint application of‘TuXiu’MI and Fifty potassium MI(TF),the combination use of‘No.1'MI and Fifty potassium MI(NF),‘Gulefeng’poly-γ-glutamic acid MI(PGA),GFL],and the untreated control(CK).Here,high-throughput sequencing,ICP-MS and UPLC were employed to systematically characterize changes of microbial diversity and structure composition,heavy metals(As,Cd and Pb)content and ginsenoside content among different treatments.Results:The results revealed that different MIs and GFL could increase the root dry weight of P.quinquefolium,PGA enhanced it by 83.24%,followed by GFL(49.93%),meanwhile,PGA and GFL were able to lessen root-knot nematode disease incidence by 57.25%and 64.35%.The treatment of PGA and GFL can also effectively reduce heavy metals in roots.The As content in GFL and PGA was decreased by 52.17%and 43.48%respectively,while the Cd and Pb contents of GFL and PGA was decreased somewhat.Additionally,the content of total ginsenosides was increased by 42.14%and 42.07%,in response to TF and NF,respectively.Our metagenomic analysis showed that the relative abundance of particular soil microbial community members related to the biocontrol of root-knot nematode disease and plant pathogen(i.e.,Chaetomium in NF,Xylari in GFL,and Microascus in PGA),heavy metal bioremediation(Hyphomacrobium in PGA and Xylaria in GFL),and nitrogen fixation(Nordella and Nitrospira in TF)was significantly increased;notably,potential harmful microflora,such as Plectosaphaerella and Rhizobacter,were more abundant in the control group.Conclusion:MI and GFL could improve the quality of P.quinquefolium by modifying its rhizosphere microbial community structure and composition,both of them are beneficial to the development of ecological cultivation of P.quinquefolium.展开更多
Objective: Zingiberis Rhizoma(ZR, Ganjiang in Chinese), also known as dried ginger, is a popular spice and medicinal herb that has been used for several thousand years. However, ZR is easily contaminated by fungi and ...Objective: Zingiberis Rhizoma(ZR, Ganjiang in Chinese), also known as dried ginger, is a popular spice and medicinal herb that has been used for several thousand years. However, ZR is easily contaminated by fungi and mycotoxin under suitable conditions, and might be hazardous to the health and safety of consumers, thus concerns about the herb's safety have been raised. The aim of this study was to investigate the fungal community and the effects of collection areas and processing methods on the fungal community in ZR.Methods: A total of 18 ZR samples were collected from four provinces of China, and the samples were divided into four groups based on collecting sites. Meanwhile, the samples collected in Sichuan Province, China were divided into three groups based on the processing methods. We employed the Illumina Mi Seq PE300 platform and targeted the internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2) sequences to investigate fungal contamination in ZR samples, and the difference in fungal community among the groups of different collection sites and processing methods.Results: All 18 samples were contaminated with fungi. Ascomycota was the dominant phyla, accounting for 34.46%-100% of the fungal reads. At the genus level, Candida, Diutina, and Aspergillus were the most dominant genera, with relative abundances of 0–98.37%, 0–99.82%, and 0–79.08%, respectively.Meanwhile, four potential toxigenic fungi and seven human pathogens were found. Furthermore, differences in the community composition of ZR samples from four collecting sites and three processing methods were observed.Conclusion: DNA metabarcoding provides a novel insight into fungal community diversity in ZR samples,providing references to ensure the sustainable utilization and quality research of ZR.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52060015)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M653796)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.20JR10RA197)Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Gansu Academy of Sciences(No.2019QN-08)the“Hongliu Excellent Young Talents Support Program”of the Lanzhou University of Technology。
文摘Pollutants contained in wastewater pose serious harm to the environment.Graphene-based water treatment materials show significant advantages in wastewater treatment.However,with the development of graphene-based materials,its progress in water treatment has reached a bottleneck.The challenge lies in effectively enhancing its performance in water treatment and ensuring its practicality.By employing biomimetic approaches,some exceptional properties and structures found in nature can be mimicked in graphene materials,effectively enhancing graphene's adsorption and mechanical properties.Current biomimetic methods include biomimetic mineralization,self-assembly,and templating.unfortunately,all of the above methods suffer from the disadvantages of complexity and poor bionic effect.Nevertheless,3D printing,a form of additive manufacturing(AM)technology,offers integrated molding and excellent biomimetic performance in creating biomimetic materials.This paper will cover the following aspects:(1)An overview of objects suitable for bionics in terms of functional and structural aspects,along with their properties,and a discussion of various bionic objects combined with graphene materials in water treatment and related research;(2)a comparison of different methods for preparing graphene-based bionic materials;(3)an examination of the current drawbacks and limitations of graphene-based biomimetic materials;and(4)a conclusion and future prospects,exploring the potential of using 3D printing technology to produce graphene biomimetic materials.This review aims to serve as a guide for effectively leveraging natural inspirations to create graphene-based biomimetic materials and enhance graphene properties.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:U1812403-1)the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Innovation Fund(Grant No.:CI2021A03910).
文摘DNA barcoding has been widely used for herb identification in recent decades,enabling safety and innovation in the field of herbal medicine.In this article,we summarize recent progress in DNA bar-coding for herbal medicine to provide ideas for the further development and application of this tech-nology.Most importantly,the standard DNA barcode has been extended in two ways.First,while conventional DNA barcodes have been widely promoted for their versatility in the identification of fresh or well-preserved samples,super-barcodes based on plastid genomes have rapidly developed and have shown advantages in species identification at low taxonomic levels.Second,mini-barcodes are attractive because they perform better in cases of degraded DNA from herbal materials.In addition,some mo-lecular techniques,such as high-throughput sequencing and isothermal amplification,are combined with DNA barcodes for species identification,which has expanded the applications of herb identification based on DNA barcoding and brought about the post-DNA-barcoding era.Furthermore,standard and high-species coverage DNA barcode reference libraries have been constructed to provide reference se-quences for species identification,which increases the accuracy and credibility of species discrimination based on DNA barcodes.In summary,DNA barcoding should play a key role in the quality control of traditional herbal medicine and in the international herb trade.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81473303)the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for ‘Significant New Drugs Creation’ (No. 2014ZX09304307001)
文摘The safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a major strategic issue that involves human health. With the continuous improvement in disease prevention and treatment, the export of TCM and its related products has increased dramatically in China. However, the frequent safety issues of Chinese medicine have become the ‘bottleneck' impeding the modernization of TCM. It was proved that mycotoxins seriously affect TCM safety; the pesticide residues of TCM are a key problem in TCM international trade; adulterants have also been detected, which is related to market circulation. These three factors have greatly affected TCM safety. In this study, fast, highly effective, economically-feasible and accurate detection methods concerning TCM safety issues were reviewed, especially on the authenticity, mycotoxins and pesticide residues of medicinal materials.
基金supported by grants from the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS, No. 2021-I2M-1-071)。
文摘Objective: Biofertilizers are reliable alternatives to chemical fertilizers due to various advantages. However, the effect of biofertilizers on Salvia miltiorrhiza yield and quality and the possible mechanisms remain little known. Here, an experiment was conducted in S. miltiorrhiza field treated with two kinds of biofertilizers including Bacillus and microalgae.Methods: A field experiment was conducted on S. miltiorrhiza of one year old. The biofertilizers were applied at six treatments:(i) control check, CK;(ii) microalgae, VZ;(iii) Bacillus, TTB;(iv)microalgae + Bacillus(1:1), VTA;(v) microalgae + Bacillus(0.5:1), VTB;(vi) microalgae+Bacillus(1:0.5),VTC. Here, high-throughput sequencing, ICP-MS and UPLC were employed to systematically characterize changes of microbial diversity and structure composition, heavy metals content and bioactive compounds, respectively.Results: Compared to CK, root biomass increased by 29.31%-60.39%(P < 0.001). Meanwhile, bioactive compounds were higher than CK after the application of the biofertilizers, peculiarly in TTB and VTB.However, the content of Pb contents in roots significantly reduced by 46.03% and 37.58% respectively in VTC and TTB(P<0.05). VTA application notably increased the available nitrogen content by 53.03%(P<0.05), indicating the improvement of soil fertility. Significantly, bacterial and fungal Chao I diversity indices showed an increasing trend with biofertilizer application(P < 0.05), and biofertilizer amendment enriched the rhizosphere soil with beneficial microorganisms that have abilities on promoting plant growth(Achromobacter and Penicillium), adsorbing heavy metal(Achromobacter and Beauveria), controlling plant pathogen(Plectosphaerella, Lechevalieria, Sorangium, Phlebiopsis and Beauveria) and promoting the accumulation of metabolites(Beauveria and Phoma).Conclusion: Bacillus and microalgae biofertilizers improved the quality and biomass of S. miltiorrhiza by altering microbial communities in soil.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(No.2021-I2M-1-071).
文摘Objective: Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR, Danggui in Chinese), Cistanches Herba(CH, Roucongrong in Chinese), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(PG, Renshen in Chinese), and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQ,Xiyangshen in Chinese), widely used as medicine and dietary supplement around the world, are susceptible to fungal and mycotoxin contamination. In this study, we aim to analyze their fungal community by DNA metabarcoding.Methods: A total of 12 root samples were collected from three main production areas in China. The samples were divided into four groups based on herb species, including ASR, CH, PG, and PQ groups. The fungal community on the surface of four root groups was investigated through DNA metabarcoding via targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region(ITS2).Results: All the 12 samples were detected with fungal contamination. Rhizopus(13.04%-74.03%),Aspergillus(1.76%-23.92%), and Fusarium(0.26%-15.27%) were the predominant genera. Ten important fungi were identified at the species level, including two potential toxigenic fungi(Penicillium citrinum and P. oxalicum) and eight human pathogenic fungi(Alternaria infectoria, Candida sake, Hyphopichia burtonii, Malassezia globosa, M. restricta, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Ochroconis tshawytschae). Fungal community in ASR and CH groups was significantly different from other groups,while fungal community in PG and PQ groups was relatively similar.Conclusion: DNA metabarcoding revealed the fungal community in four important root herbs. This study provided an important reference for preventing root herbs against fungal and mycotoxin contamination.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFC1604701)
文摘Objective:To find a suitable ecological cultivation measure to solve the problem of root-knot nematode disease of Panax quinquefolium(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and the heavy metals accumulating in its roots.Methods:Three-year-old P.quinquefolium was treated with four different combinations of microbial inoculant(MI)and garbage fermentation liquid(GFL)[the joint application of‘TuXiu’MI and Fifty potassium MI(TF),the combination use of‘No.1'MI and Fifty potassium MI(NF),‘Gulefeng’poly-γ-glutamic acid MI(PGA),GFL],and the untreated control(CK).Here,high-throughput sequencing,ICP-MS and UPLC were employed to systematically characterize changes of microbial diversity and structure composition,heavy metals(As,Cd and Pb)content and ginsenoside content among different treatments.Results:The results revealed that different MIs and GFL could increase the root dry weight of P.quinquefolium,PGA enhanced it by 83.24%,followed by GFL(49.93%),meanwhile,PGA and GFL were able to lessen root-knot nematode disease incidence by 57.25%and 64.35%.The treatment of PGA and GFL can also effectively reduce heavy metals in roots.The As content in GFL and PGA was decreased by 52.17%and 43.48%respectively,while the Cd and Pb contents of GFL and PGA was decreased somewhat.Additionally,the content of total ginsenosides was increased by 42.14%and 42.07%,in response to TF and NF,respectively.Our metagenomic analysis showed that the relative abundance of particular soil microbial community members related to the biocontrol of root-knot nematode disease and plant pathogen(i.e.,Chaetomium in NF,Xylari in GFL,and Microascus in PGA),heavy metal bioremediation(Hyphomacrobium in PGA and Xylaria in GFL),and nitrogen fixation(Nordella and Nitrospira in TF)was significantly increased;notably,potential harmful microflora,such as Plectosaphaerella and Rhizobacter,were more abundant in the control group.Conclusion:MI and GFL could improve the quality of P.quinquefolium by modifying its rhizosphere microbial community structure and composition,both of them are beneficial to the development of ecological cultivation of P.quinquefolium.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (No. 2021-I2M-1-071)。
文摘Objective: Zingiberis Rhizoma(ZR, Ganjiang in Chinese), also known as dried ginger, is a popular spice and medicinal herb that has been used for several thousand years. However, ZR is easily contaminated by fungi and mycotoxin under suitable conditions, and might be hazardous to the health and safety of consumers, thus concerns about the herb's safety have been raised. The aim of this study was to investigate the fungal community and the effects of collection areas and processing methods on the fungal community in ZR.Methods: A total of 18 ZR samples were collected from four provinces of China, and the samples were divided into four groups based on collecting sites. Meanwhile, the samples collected in Sichuan Province, China were divided into three groups based on the processing methods. We employed the Illumina Mi Seq PE300 platform and targeted the internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2) sequences to investigate fungal contamination in ZR samples, and the difference in fungal community among the groups of different collection sites and processing methods.Results: All 18 samples were contaminated with fungi. Ascomycota was the dominant phyla, accounting for 34.46%-100% of the fungal reads. At the genus level, Candida, Diutina, and Aspergillus were the most dominant genera, with relative abundances of 0–98.37%, 0–99.82%, and 0–79.08%, respectively.Meanwhile, four potential toxigenic fungi and seven human pathogens were found. Furthermore, differences in the community composition of ZR samples from four collecting sites and three processing methods were observed.Conclusion: DNA metabarcoding provides a novel insight into fungal community diversity in ZR samples,providing references to ensure the sustainable utilization and quality research of ZR.
