INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depres...INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depression leads to social and occupational impairment,diminished quality of life and an elevated risk of death by suicide.展开更多
Flotation is the most common method to recover valuable minerals by selective adsorption of collectors on target mineral surfaces.However,in subsequent hydrometallurgy of mineral flotation concentrates,the adsorbed co...Flotation is the most common method to recover valuable minerals by selective adsorption of collectors on target mineral surfaces.However,in subsequent hydrometallurgy of mineral flotation concentrates,the adsorbed collectors must be desorbed since it can adversely affect the efficiency of metallurgical process and produce wastewater.ZL,as a fatty acid mixture,is a typical industrially used collector for scheelite flotation in China.Sodium oleate(NaOL)has similar fatty acid group as ZL.In this study,the desorption behavior of NaOL/ZL from scheelite surface by a physical method of stirring at a low temperature was investigated.NaOL desorption tests of single mineral showed that a desorption rate of 77.75% for NaOL from scheelite surface into pulp was achieved in a stirring speed of2500 r/min at 5℃in a neutral environment.Under the above desorption condition,in the pulp containing desorbed collector by adding extra 30% normal NaOL dosage,the scheelite recovery reached about 95% in the single mineral flotation test.Desorption and reuse of ZL collector for the flotation of real scheelite ore showed only a 75%normal dosage of ZL could produce a qualified rough concentrate.The atomic force microscope(AFM)tests showed that after desorption treatment of low temperature and strong stirring,the dense strip-like structure of NaOL on the scheelite surface was destroyed to be speck-like.Molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)demonstrated that the adsorption energy between NaOL and scheelite surface was more negative at 25℃(-13.39 kcal/mol)than at 5℃(-11.50 kcal/mol)in a neutral pH,indicating that a low temperature was beneficial for the desorption of collector from mineral surface.Due to its simplicity and economy,the method we proposed of desorption of collector from mineral surface and its reuse for flotation has a great potential for industrial application.展开更多
The combination of advanced photoelectric detectors has rendered single-band camouflage materials ineffective,necessitating the development of infrared multispectral camouflage.However,the design and fabrication of ex...The combination of advanced photoelectric detectors has rendered single-band camouflage materials ineffective,necessitating the development of infrared multispectral camouflage.However,the design and fabrication of existing works remain complex as they usually require the integration of multiscale structures.Here,we introduce phase modulation into the infrared camouflage metasurfaces with metal-dielectric-metal configuration,enabling them to achieve camouflage across more bands.Based on this strategy,a simple but effective single-layer cascaded metasurface is demonstrated for the first time to achieve low reflection at multi-wavelength lasers,low infrared radiation in atmospheric windows,and broadband thermal management.As a proof-of-concept,a 4-inch sample with a minimum linewidth of 1.8μm is fabricated using photolithography.The excellent infrared multispectral camouflage performance is verified in experiments,showing low reflectance in 0.9–1.6μm,low infrared emissivity in mid-wavelength infrared(MWIR)and long-wavelength infrared(LWIR)bands,and high absorptance at the wavelength of 10.6μm.Meanwhile,broadband high emissivity in 5–8μm can provide high-performance radiative heat dissipation.When the input power is 1.57 W·cm^(-2),the surface/radiation temperature of the metasurface decreases by 5.3℃/18.7℃ compared to the reference.The proposed metasurface may trigger further innovation in the design and application of compact multispectral optical devices.展开更多
The trade-offbetween strength and ductility remains a persistent obstacle in the development of advanced structural materials.In the present study,a novel dual-heterogeneous structure with a bimodal grain distribution...The trade-offbetween strength and ductility remains a persistent obstacle in the development of advanced structural materials.In the present study,a novel dual-heterogeneous structure with a bimodal grain distribution in both ferrite and austenite phases was fabricated via cold rolling and partial recrystallization annealing on solution-treated 2205 duplex stainless steel(DSS).The processed steel exhibited superior mechanical properties,with the yield strength increasing from 586 MPa to 903 MPa,and the ultimate tensile strength from 796 MPa to 1082 MPa,while maintaining a high total elongation of 35.3%.Based on in-situ electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and scanning electron microscope(SEM)analyses,the microstructural deformation behavior and strengthening mechanisms of the dual-heterostructured 2205 DSS were elucidated.The outstanding combination of strength and ductility was ascribed to the synergistic effects of grain refinement,dislocation strengthening,and hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening.Moreover,the high ductility in DSS was attributed to the coactivation of cross-slip systems in ferrite{110}and{112}along with the single-slip systems in austenite{111}.These findings provide a new strategy for the design and development of high-strength and ultra-high-strength DSSs.展开更多
目的:比较曲妥珠单抗和帕妥珠单抗(trastuzumab plus pertuzumab,HP)联合紫杉类+铂类(TCbHP)、紫杉类单药(THP)、蒽环类序贯紫杉类(AC-THP)三种化疗方案在真实世界临床实践中新辅助治疗HER-2阳性乳腺癌的疗效、安全性及耐受性。方法:回...目的:比较曲妥珠单抗和帕妥珠单抗(trastuzumab plus pertuzumab,HP)联合紫杉类+铂类(TCbHP)、紫杉类单药(THP)、蒽环类序贯紫杉类(AC-THP)三种化疗方案在真实世界临床实践中新辅助治疗HER-2阳性乳腺癌的疗效、安全性及耐受性。方法:回顾性分析2019年6月至2021年12月于保定市第一中心医院等河北省共11家三级甲等医院接受三种方案新辅助治疗并完成后续手术的180例HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者的临床病理资料,其中TCbHP组78例、THP组70例、AC-THP组32例,比较三种治疗方案的疗效、安全性及耐受性,并采用统计学方法分析临床病理因素对总体病理完全缓解(total pathologic complete response,tpCR)率的影响。结果:总人群tpCR率为58.9%(106/180)。TCbHP组的tpCR率为64.1%(50/78),高于THP组的54.3%(38/70)和AC-THP组的56.3%(18/32),差异无统计学意义(P=0.454)。TCbHP组的3级及以上不良反应发生率为12.8%(10/78),高于THP组的4.3%(3/70)和AC-THP组的9.4%(3/32),差异无统计学意义(P=0.255)。THP组的既定方案完成率为98.6%(69/70),高于TCbHP组的92.3%(72/78)和AC-THP组的90.6%(29/32),差异无统计学意义(P=0.147)。180例患者中绝经后组与绝经前组的tpCR率分别为65.4%(70/107)与49.3%(36/73),HER-2免疫组织化学法(IHC)3+组与HER-2 IHC2+且荧光原位杂交(FISH)+组的tpCR率分别为65.0%(102/157)与17.4%(4/23),激素受体(HR)阴性组与HR阳性组的tpCR率分别为78.0%(64/82)与42.9%(42/98),白蛋白结合型紫杉醇组与其他紫杉类药物组的tpCR率分别为66.3%(65/98)与50.0%(41/82),组间进行比较差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归多因素分析表明,HER-2 IHC3+、HR阴性、使用白蛋白结合型紫杉醇为tpCR率的独立影响因素。结论:TCbHP、THP、AC-THP方案新辅助治疗HER-2阳性乳腺癌在真实世界临床实践中疗效确切,安全性及耐受性良好。TCbHP方案可考虑作为HER-2阳性乳腺癌新辅助治疗的优选方案。展开更多
The operation of cascade reservoirs in a watershed profoundly exerts river watersediment dynamics and topography evolution,and the terminal reservoir is the focus area for river and waterway management.This paper reve...The operation of cascade reservoirs in a watershed profoundly exerts river watersediment dynamics and topography evolution,and the terminal reservoir is the focus area for river and waterway management.This paper reveals the process and underlying factors of topography evolution and water level adjustment in the lower Hanjiang River under the action of cascade reservoirs.This study focused on the 263 km river channel downstream of the Xinglong Hydropower Conservancy Project on the Hanjiang River.Using measured flow,sediment,and topography data from 1977 to 2023,we analyzed the changing characteristics of riverbed scouring and deposition intensity,thalweg,and cross-sections.Additionally,we evaluated the response relationship between riverbed scouring and deposition intensity and factors such as sediment transport,runoff,and human activities.From 1977 to 2023,the low-water channel in the Xinglong-Estuary reaches showed a scouring and cutting tendency,and the riverbed slop initially decreased and then increased.The main cause of the riverbed scouring along the Xinglong-Estuary reaches was the reduced sediment load in the watershed,with waterway engineering having a slightly larger influence than runoff in the Xinglong-Xiantao reaches;by contrast,runoff exerted a more significant effect than both waterway engineering and the Yangtze River water level decline in the Xiantao-Estuary reaches.During the autumn flood season from 1983 to 2023,the water level differences between the Hanjiang and Yangtze Rivers at the same flow rate showed an increasing trend,leading to an increase in water surface slope,which intensified scouring forces and riverbed scouring.This study improves our understanding of the impacts of dam construction on river topographical evolution,water level changes,and deep‐water waterway resources.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter(DOM)represents the largest pool of reactive carbon on the Earth and plays a crucial role in various biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functions.However,it is understudied for a global und...Dissolved organic matter(DOM)represents the largest pool of reactive carbon on the Earth and plays a crucial role in various biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functions.However,it is understudied for a global understanding of DOM molecular properties such as molecular weight,stoichiometry,and oxidation state,and the linkages among them across Earth systems.Here,a meta-analysis of 2707 sites in 204 literatures was conducted by synthesizing four representative molecular properties of DOM,i.e.,mass,double bond equivalent(DBE),modified aromaticity index(AI_(mod)),and nominal oxidation state of carbon(NOSC).By exploring H/C and O/C ratios,we examined the relationships among these DOM properties across waters and land systems,and their geographical patterns and environmental drivers.We found that,compared to land system,the mass,DBE,and AI_(mod) were all significantly higher in water systems,with river sediments exhibiting the highest values.The DOM oxidation state indicated by NOSC was greater on average in wastewater(NOSC=0.226±0.06)and marine water(NOSC=0.133±0.06)than in other habitats.Compared to waters,the mass in land system showed more strongly positive correlations with oxidation states such as NOSC and O/C,and the NOSC showed stronger relations to bioavailability properties such as DBE,AI_(mod),and H/C.Among all the properties,H/C and AI_(mod) contributed to the most variations in global DOM properties.In waters,NOSC monotonically increased towards high latitudes,while DBE and AI_(mod) showed significant hump-shaped patterns indicating peaked unsaturation and aromaticity at mid-latitudes of approximately absolute 30°–50°.The variations in DOM properties were significantly correlated with environmental factors such as annual mean temperature and pH.Collectively,we revealed the spatial distribution and environmental drivers of DOM molecular properties across Earth ecosystems,which could shed light on our comprehensive understanding of DOM characteristics and its dynamics.展开更多
In an era defined by complex,interconnected challenges like climate change,pandemics,and resource depletion,the traditional siloed approach to science education is proving increasingly insufficient.Interdisciplinary p...In an era defined by complex,interconnected challenges like climate change,pandemics,and resource depletion,the traditional siloed approach to science education is proving increasingly insufficient.Interdisciplinary project-based learning represents a promising path forward in science education,fostering integrated and holistic learning experiences that move beyond isolated subject learning.Grounded in philosophical ideas of holism,pragmatism,constructivism,and transcendentalism,this article presents a case project illustrating the practical application of interdisciplinary project-based learning.This project engages students in integrating concepts from biology,chemistry,earth science,engineering,and social studies.Through phased activities-research and planning,data collection,implementation,and presentation-students develop a decent understanding of real-world problems while fostering skills in collaboration,problem-solving,and a sense of civic responsibility.Additionally,strategies are proposed to navigate the challenges associated with implementing interdisciplinary project-based learning,including aligning projects with standards,investing in professional development,leveraging community resources,and building support from stakeholders.展开更多
This paper systematically analyzed the development status of sheep industry in Lubei region,and comprehensively expounded the scale and distribution of key industries,breed resources and genetic characteristics,feedin...This paper systematically analyzed the development status of sheep industry in Lubei region,and comprehensively expounded the scale and distribution of key industries,breed resources and genetic characteristics,feeding management status,disease prevention and control and veterinary services,and sheep product processing and sales.The research shows that the sheep industry in Lubei region has formed a certain scale,but there are some problems such as intensified resource and environmental constraints,unreasonable industrial structure,insufficient scientific and technological innovation capacity and market competitiveness to be improved.In view of these problems,this paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the high-quality development of the industry,including establishing forage and feed system,promoting the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure,strengthening scientific and technological innovation and talent cultivation and introduction,and enhancing brand influence and market competitiveness,providing useful reference for the sustainable development of sheep industry in Lubei region.展开更多
Alduronic acid lactones and glyconolactones are highly functionalized and versatile chiral building blocks.Herein,we describe a novel approach to these compounds via decarboxylative oxygenation of uronic acids.The tra...Alduronic acid lactones and glyconolactones are highly functionalized and versatile chiral building blocks.Herein,we describe a novel approach to these compounds via decarboxylative oxygenation of uronic acids.The transformations proceed using Selectfluor and TEMPO as oxidants,either in the presence of catalytic amounts of Ag_(2)CO_(3)or in the absence of this catalyst.The methodology provides structurally diverse alduronic acid lactones and enables the preparation of rare sugar glyconolactones from easily available D-C-glycosides.Based on the^(18)O-labeling experiments,control experiments,and isolation of the key intermediates,a radical-polar crossover reaction mechanism is proposed.The utility of this method is demonstrated through efficient conversions of alduronic acid lactones into polyhydroxylated cyclic alkaloids and castanospermine-type architectures.展开更多
Ag_(2)CO_(3)-promoted dehydroxymethylative fluorination of aliphatic alcohols has been achieved with Selectfluor as both oxidant and fluorine source.The reaction involvesβ-fragmentation of primary alkoxy radicals,fol...Ag_(2)CO_(3)-promoted dehydroxymethylative fluorination of aliphatic alcohols has been achieved with Selectfluor as both oxidant and fluorine source.The reaction involvesβ-fragmentation of primary alkoxy radicals,followed by the fluorination of the resulting C-centered radical intermediates.The transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope,thus opening up a new entrance to the synthesis of fluorinated constructs includingα-fluoroimides and 1-fluoroalkyl benzoates as well as secondary and tertiary alkyl fluorides like versatile 2-fluoro-2-alkyl 1,3-propandiol derivatives.The divergent functionalization of the obtainedα-fluoroimides enables an efficient access to amine derivatives through C-F bond activation under the action of BF_(3)·OEt_(2).展开更多
Southern corn rust(SCR)is an airborne fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.(P.polysora)that adversely impacts maize quality and yields worldwide.Screening for new elite SCR-resistant maize loci or genes h...Southern corn rust(SCR)is an airborne fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.(P.polysora)that adversely impacts maize quality and yields worldwide.Screening for new elite SCR-resistant maize loci or genes has the potential to enhance overall resistance to this pathogen.Using phenotypic SCR resistance-related data collected over two years and three geographical environments,a genome-wide association study was carried out in this work,which eventually identified 91 loci that were substantially correlated with SCR susceptibility.These included 13 loci that were significant in at least three environments and overlapped with 74 candidate genes(B73_RefGen_v4).Comparative transcriptomic analyses were then performed to identify the genes related to SCR infection,with 2,586 and 797 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)ultimately being identified in the resistant Qi319and susceptible 8112 inbred lines following P.polysora infection,respectively,including 306 genes common to both lines.Subsequent integrative multi-omics investigations identified four potential candidate SCR response-related genes.One of these genes is ZmHCT9,which encodes the protein hydroxycinnamoyl transferase 9.This gene was up-regulated in susceptible inbred lines and linked to greater P.polysora resistance as confirmed through cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)-based virus induced-gene silencing(VIGS)system-mediated gene silencing.These data provide important insights into the genetic basis of the maize SCR response.They will be useful for for future research on potential genes related to SCR resistance in maize.展开更多
In this study,we proposed a novel and efficient way to strengthen polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)fiber using graphene quantum dots(GQDs).PVA molecular chains were grafted onto the surface of GQDs through Friedel-Crafts alkylat...In this study,we proposed a novel and efficient way to strengthen polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)fiber using graphene quantum dots(GQDs).PVA molecular chains were grafted onto the surface of GQDs through Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction to obtain functionalized GQDs(f-GQDs),and PVA/f-GQDs composite fiber was successfully prepared by wet spinning and post-treatment.The tensile strength and Young's modulus of the composite fiber reached up to 1229.24 MPa and 35.36 GPa which were approximately twice and 4 times those of the pure PVA fiber,respectively.Moreover,the composite fiber was demonstrated excellent resistance to solvents.In addition,the PVA/f-GQDs composite fiber showed intense and uniform cyan fluorescence,meanwhile,it could maintain stable solid-state fluorescence in acid and alkali solutions and particularly after long-term immersion in water(1 month).This study proposes a promising route for obtaining high-performance conventional fibers with some new functions.展开更多
Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic alloys are extensively utilized in the hot-end components of nuclear light water reactors,turbine disks,and gas compressors.However,their low strength at elevated temperatures limits their engineer...Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic alloys are extensively utilized in the hot-end components of nuclear light water reactors,turbine disks,and gas compressors.However,their low strength at elevated temperatures limits their engineering applications.In this study,a novel precipit-ation-strengthened alloy system is developed by incorporating Al and Si elements into a FeCrNi equiatomic alloy.The results indicate that the FeCrNiAl_(x)Si_(x)(at%,x=0.1,0.2)alloys possess heterogeneous precipitation structures that feature a micron-scaleσphase at the grain boundaries and a nanoscale ordered body-centered cube(B2)phase within the grains.An exceptional strength-ductility synergy across a wide temperature range is achieved in FeCrNiAl_(0.1)Si_(0.1)alloys due to grain refinement and precipitation strengthening.Notably,a yield strength of 693.83 MPa,an ultimate tensile strength of 817.55 MPa,and a uniform elongation of 18.27%are attained at 873 K.The dislo-cation shearing mechanism for B2 phases and the Orowan bypass mechanism forσphase,coupled with a high density of nano-twins and stacking faults in the matrix,contribute to the excellent mechanical properties at cryogenic and ambient temperatures.Moreover,the emergence of serratedσphase and micro-twins in the matrix plays a crucial role in the strengthening and toughening mechanisms at inter-mediate temperatures.This study offers a novel perspective and strategy for the development of precipitation-hardened Fe-Cr-Ni austen-itic alloys with exceptional strength-ductility synergy over a broad temperature range.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to enhance the prevention and control of peste des petits ruminants(PPR)and goatpox(GTP).[Methods]Two experimental sheep farms in Northern Shandong were selected to conduct a compa...[Objectives]This study was conducted to enhance the prevention and control of peste des petits ruminants(PPR)and goatpox(GTP).[Methods]Two experimental sheep farms in Northern Shandong were selected to conduct a comparative experiment between separate vaccinations for PPR and GTP and immunization with a combined live vaccine for both diseases.Antibody levels were measured to assess immunization effect on days 7,14,21 and 28 after vaccination.[Results]The qualified rates of group immune antibodies in both the experimental and control groups exceeded 75%,achieving the goal of preventing both PPR and GTP through a single immunization.[Conclusions]This study provides clinical application references for the prevention of PPR and GTP in the local area.展开更多
The rice Eui （ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE） gene encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that deactivates bioactive gibberellins （GAs）. In this study, we investigated controlled expression of the Eui gene and its...The rice Eui （ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE） gene encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that deactivates bioactive gibberellins （GAs）. In this study, we investigated controlled expression of the Eui gene and its role in plant development. We found that Eui was differentially induced by exogenous GAs and that the Eui promoter had the highest activity in the vascular bundles. The eui mutant was defective in starch granule development in root caps and Eui overexpression enhanced starch granule generation and gravity responses, revealing a role for GA in root starch granule development and gravity responses. Experiments using embryoless half-seeds revealed that RAmylA and GAmyb were highly upregulated in eui aleurone ceils in the absence of exogenous GA. In addition, the GA biosynthesis genes GA3oxl and GA20ox2 were downregulated and GA2oxl was upregulated in eui seedlings. These results indicate that EUI is involved in GA homeostasis, not only in the internodes at the heading stage, but also in the seedling stage, roots and seeds. Disturbing GA homeostasis affected the expression of the GA signaling genes GID1 （GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1）, GID2 and SLR1. Transgenic RNA interference of the Eui gene effectively increased plant height and improved heading performance. By contrast, the ectopic expression of Eui under the promoters of the rice GA biosynthesis genes GA3ox2 and GA2Oox2 significantly reduced plant height. These results demonstrate that a slight increase in Eui expression could dramatically change rice morphology, indicating the practical application of the Eui gene in rice molecular breeding for a high yield potential.展开更多
基金funded by the Construction Project of the"Flagship"Department of Chinese and Western Medicine Coordination(LiuL/2024-221)the 2024 Medical Service and Security Capacity Improvement Project(National Clinical Key Specialty Construction)(LiuL/Huwei Medical/2024-65)+5 种基金the Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Standardization Project(LiuL/No.2023JSP03)the Shanghai Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Clinical)(LiuL/2024-No.3)the Shanghai Technical Standardization Management and Promotion Project(LiuL/No.SHDC22023212)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project(2022)(LiuL/No.2022Cx004)Clinical research project of Shanghai Health Commission-Youth Project(LW/No.20214Y0056)Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health(LW/No.SZB2023201).
文摘INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depression leads to social and occupational impairment,diminished quality of life and an elevated risk of death by suicide.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52304314 and U23A20602)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control,Ministry of Ecology and Environment+3 种基金China(No.HB202406)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,China(Nos.CX20240021 and 2024ZZTS0008)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Funding Project for College Students of Central South UniversityChina(No.S202410533166)。
文摘Flotation is the most common method to recover valuable minerals by selective adsorption of collectors on target mineral surfaces.However,in subsequent hydrometallurgy of mineral flotation concentrates,the adsorbed collectors must be desorbed since it can adversely affect the efficiency of metallurgical process and produce wastewater.ZL,as a fatty acid mixture,is a typical industrially used collector for scheelite flotation in China.Sodium oleate(NaOL)has similar fatty acid group as ZL.In this study,the desorption behavior of NaOL/ZL from scheelite surface by a physical method of stirring at a low temperature was investigated.NaOL desorption tests of single mineral showed that a desorption rate of 77.75% for NaOL from scheelite surface into pulp was achieved in a stirring speed of2500 r/min at 5℃in a neutral environment.Under the above desorption condition,in the pulp containing desorbed collector by adding extra 30% normal NaOL dosage,the scheelite recovery reached about 95% in the single mineral flotation test.Desorption and reuse of ZL collector for the flotation of real scheelite ore showed only a 75%normal dosage of ZL could produce a qualified rough concentrate.The atomic force microscope(AFM)tests showed that after desorption treatment of low temperature and strong stirring,the dense strip-like structure of NaOL on the scheelite surface was destroyed to be speck-like.Molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)demonstrated that the adsorption energy between NaOL and scheelite surface was more negative at 25℃(-13.39 kcal/mol)than at 5℃(-11.50 kcal/mol)in a neutral pH,indicating that a low temperature was beneficial for the desorption of collector from mineral surface.Due to its simplicity and economy,the method we proposed of desorption of collector from mineral surface and its reuse for flotation has a great potential for industrial application.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51925503&52105575)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.QTZX23063)+2 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2022Z073081001)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20232028)the Open Research Funds of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology(Grant No.IMETKF2024008).
文摘The combination of advanced photoelectric detectors has rendered single-band camouflage materials ineffective,necessitating the development of infrared multispectral camouflage.However,the design and fabrication of existing works remain complex as they usually require the integration of multiscale structures.Here,we introduce phase modulation into the infrared camouflage metasurfaces with metal-dielectric-metal configuration,enabling them to achieve camouflage across more bands.Based on this strategy,a simple but effective single-layer cascaded metasurface is demonstrated for the first time to achieve low reflection at multi-wavelength lasers,low infrared radiation in atmospheric windows,and broadband thermal management.As a proof-of-concept,a 4-inch sample with a minimum linewidth of 1.8μm is fabricated using photolithography.The excellent infrared multispectral camouflage performance is verified in experiments,showing low reflectance in 0.9–1.6μm,low infrared emissivity in mid-wavelength infrared(MWIR)and long-wavelength infrared(LWIR)bands,and high absorptance at the wavelength of 10.6μm.Meanwhile,broadband high emissivity in 5–8μm can provide high-performance radiative heat dissipation.When the input power is 1.57 W·cm^(-2),the surface/radiation temperature of the metasurface decreases by 5.3℃/18.7℃ compared to the reference.The proposed metasurface may trigger further innovation in the design and application of compact multispectral optical devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1960115 and U21A20116)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N232405-10)Special thanks are due to the instrumental and data analysis from Analytical and Testing Center,Northeastern University.
文摘The trade-offbetween strength and ductility remains a persistent obstacle in the development of advanced structural materials.In the present study,a novel dual-heterogeneous structure with a bimodal grain distribution in both ferrite and austenite phases was fabricated via cold rolling and partial recrystallization annealing on solution-treated 2205 duplex stainless steel(DSS).The processed steel exhibited superior mechanical properties,with the yield strength increasing from 586 MPa to 903 MPa,and the ultimate tensile strength from 796 MPa to 1082 MPa,while maintaining a high total elongation of 35.3%.Based on in-situ electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and scanning electron microscope(SEM)analyses,the microstructural deformation behavior and strengthening mechanisms of the dual-heterostructured 2205 DSS were elucidated.The outstanding combination of strength and ductility was ascribed to the synergistic effects of grain refinement,dislocation strengthening,and hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening.Moreover,the high ductility in DSS was attributed to the coactivation of cross-slip systems in ferrite{110}and{112}along with the single-slip systems in austenite{111}.These findings provide a new strategy for the design and development of high-strength and ultra-high-strength DSSs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52279066,U2340217Fundamental Research Funds for Central Welfare Research Institutes,Grant/Award Number:TKS20240402National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFC3209500。
文摘The operation of cascade reservoirs in a watershed profoundly exerts river watersediment dynamics and topography evolution,and the terminal reservoir is the focus area for river and waterway management.This paper reveals the process and underlying factors of topography evolution and water level adjustment in the lower Hanjiang River under the action of cascade reservoirs.This study focused on the 263 km river channel downstream of the Xinglong Hydropower Conservancy Project on the Hanjiang River.Using measured flow,sediment,and topography data from 1977 to 2023,we analyzed the changing characteristics of riverbed scouring and deposition intensity,thalweg,and cross-sections.Additionally,we evaluated the response relationship between riverbed scouring and deposition intensity and factors such as sediment transport,runoff,and human activities.From 1977 to 2023,the low-water channel in the Xinglong-Estuary reaches showed a scouring and cutting tendency,and the riverbed slop initially decreased and then increased.The main cause of the riverbed scouring along the Xinglong-Estuary reaches was the reduced sediment load in the watershed,with waterway engineering having a slightly larger influence than runoff in the Xinglong-Xiantao reaches;by contrast,runoff exerted a more significant effect than both waterway engineering and the Yangtze River water level decline in the Xiantao-Estuary reaches.During the autumn flood season from 1983 to 2023,the water level differences between the Hanjiang and Yangtze Rivers at the same flow rate showed an increasing trend,leading to an increase in water surface slope,which intensified scouring forces and riverbed scouring.This study improves our understanding of the impacts of dam construction on river topographical evolution,water level changes,and deep‐water waterway resources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24A20578,42225708,42377122,92251304)the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240111)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security(No.NKL2023-QN04)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.NIGLAS2022GS09).
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM)represents the largest pool of reactive carbon on the Earth and plays a crucial role in various biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functions.However,it is understudied for a global understanding of DOM molecular properties such as molecular weight,stoichiometry,and oxidation state,and the linkages among them across Earth systems.Here,a meta-analysis of 2707 sites in 204 literatures was conducted by synthesizing four representative molecular properties of DOM,i.e.,mass,double bond equivalent(DBE),modified aromaticity index(AI_(mod)),and nominal oxidation state of carbon(NOSC).By exploring H/C and O/C ratios,we examined the relationships among these DOM properties across waters and land systems,and their geographical patterns and environmental drivers.We found that,compared to land system,the mass,DBE,and AI_(mod) were all significantly higher in water systems,with river sediments exhibiting the highest values.The DOM oxidation state indicated by NOSC was greater on average in wastewater(NOSC=0.226±0.06)and marine water(NOSC=0.133±0.06)than in other habitats.Compared to waters,the mass in land system showed more strongly positive correlations with oxidation states such as NOSC and O/C,and the NOSC showed stronger relations to bioavailability properties such as DBE,AI_(mod),and H/C.Among all the properties,H/C and AI_(mod) contributed to the most variations in global DOM properties.In waters,NOSC monotonically increased towards high latitudes,while DBE and AI_(mod) showed significant hump-shaped patterns indicating peaked unsaturation and aromaticity at mid-latitudes of approximately absolute 30°–50°.The variations in DOM properties were significantly correlated with environmental factors such as annual mean temperature and pH.Collectively,we revealed the spatial distribution and environmental drivers of DOM molecular properties across Earth ecosystems,which could shed light on our comprehensive understanding of DOM characteristics and its dynamics.
基金supported by the Anhui Provincial Education Science Research Program titled“Research on the Construction and Application of Evaluation Frameworks for Interdisciplinary Practical Activities in Primary School Science”(JKT25114)the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Program of Anhui Higher Education Institutions(2022AH052117).
文摘In an era defined by complex,interconnected challenges like climate change,pandemics,and resource depletion,the traditional siloed approach to science education is proving increasingly insufficient.Interdisciplinary project-based learning represents a promising path forward in science education,fostering integrated and holistic learning experiences that move beyond isolated subject learning.Grounded in philosophical ideas of holism,pragmatism,constructivism,and transcendentalism,this article presents a case project illustrating the practical application of interdisciplinary project-based learning.This project engages students in integrating concepts from biology,chemistry,earth science,engineering,and social studies.Through phased activities-research and planning,data collection,implementation,and presentation-students develop a decent understanding of real-world problems while fostering skills in collaboration,problem-solving,and a sense of civic responsibility.Additionally,strategies are proposed to navigate the challenges associated with implementing interdisciplinary project-based learning,including aligning projects with standards,investing in professional development,leveraging community resources,and building support from stakeholders.
基金Supported by Binzhou Social Science Planning Project(25-SKGH-063)Shandong Agricultural Innovation Team Project(SDAIT-10-06,SDAIT-23-10).
文摘This paper systematically analyzed the development status of sheep industry in Lubei region,and comprehensively expounded the scale and distribution of key industries,breed resources and genetic characteristics,feeding management status,disease prevention and control and veterinary services,and sheep product processing and sales.The research shows that the sheep industry in Lubei region has formed a certain scale,but there are some problems such as intensified resource and environmental constraints,unreasonable industrial structure,insufficient scientific and technological innovation capacity and market competitiveness to be improved.In view of these problems,this paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the high-quality development of the industry,including establishing forage and feed system,promoting the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure,strengthening scientific and technological innovation and talent cultivation and introduction,and enhancing brand influence and market competitiveness,providing useful reference for the sustainable development of sheep industry in Lubei region.
基金financial support from the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center(No.2022QNLM030003-2)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2022YFA2104902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21977088 and22377114)。
文摘Alduronic acid lactones and glyconolactones are highly functionalized and versatile chiral building blocks.Herein,we describe a novel approach to these compounds via decarboxylative oxygenation of uronic acids.The transformations proceed using Selectfluor and TEMPO as oxidants,either in the presence of catalytic amounts of Ag_(2)CO_(3)or in the absence of this catalyst.The methodology provides structurally diverse alduronic acid lactones and enables the preparation of rare sugar glyconolactones from easily available D-C-glycosides.Based on the^(18)O-labeling experiments,control experiments,and isolation of the key intermediates,a radical-polar crossover reaction mechanism is proposed.The utility of this method is demonstrated through efficient conversions of alduronic acid lactones into polyhydroxylated cyclic alkaloids and castanospermine-type architectures.
基金financial support from the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2022QNLM030003-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21977088)the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund(No.U1906213)。
文摘Ag_(2)CO_(3)-promoted dehydroxymethylative fluorination of aliphatic alcohols has been achieved with Selectfluor as both oxidant and fluorine source.The reaction involvesβ-fragmentation of primary alkoxy radicals,followed by the fluorination of the resulting C-centered radical intermediates.The transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope,thus opening up a new entrance to the synthesis of fluorinated constructs includingα-fluoroimides and 1-fluoroalkyl benzoates as well as secondary and tertiary alkyl fluorides like versatile 2-fluoro-2-alkyl 1,3-propandiol derivatives.The divergent functionalization of the obtainedα-fluoroimides enables an efficient access to amine derivatives through C-F bond activation under the action of BF_(3)·OEt_(2).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1201802)the Shandong Key R&D Program,China(2022CXGC010607)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202109)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP2017-ICS)the Subproject of the Major Project of Science and Technology in Shanxi Province,China(202201140601025-1-02)。
文摘Southern corn rust(SCR)is an airborne fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.(P.polysora)that adversely impacts maize quality and yields worldwide.Screening for new elite SCR-resistant maize loci or genes has the potential to enhance overall resistance to this pathogen.Using phenotypic SCR resistance-related data collected over two years and three geographical environments,a genome-wide association study was carried out in this work,which eventually identified 91 loci that were substantially correlated with SCR susceptibility.These included 13 loci that were significant in at least three environments and overlapped with 74 candidate genes(B73_RefGen_v4).Comparative transcriptomic analyses were then performed to identify the genes related to SCR infection,with 2,586 and 797 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)ultimately being identified in the resistant Qi319and susceptible 8112 inbred lines following P.polysora infection,respectively,including 306 genes common to both lines.Subsequent integrative multi-omics investigations identified four potential candidate SCR response-related genes.One of these genes is ZmHCT9,which encodes the protein hydroxycinnamoyl transferase 9.This gene was up-regulated in susceptible inbred lines and linked to greater P.polysora resistance as confirmed through cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)-based virus induced-gene silencing(VIGS)system-mediated gene silencing.These data provide important insights into the genetic basis of the maize SCR response.They will be useful for for future research on potential genes related to SCR resistance in maize.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0309401)State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials of Soochow University。
文摘In this study,we proposed a novel and efficient way to strengthen polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)fiber using graphene quantum dots(GQDs).PVA molecular chains were grafted onto the surface of GQDs through Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction to obtain functionalized GQDs(f-GQDs),and PVA/f-GQDs composite fiber was successfully prepared by wet spinning and post-treatment.The tensile strength and Young's modulus of the composite fiber reached up to 1229.24 MPa and 35.36 GPa which were approximately twice and 4 times those of the pure PVA fiber,respectively.Moreover,the composite fiber was demonstrated excellent resistance to solvents.In addition,the PVA/f-GQDs composite fiber showed intense and uniform cyan fluorescence,meanwhile,it could maintain stable solid-state fluorescence in acid and alkali solutions and particularly after long-term immersion in water(1 month).This study proposes a promising route for obtaining high-performance conventional fibers with some new functions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12072220,12102291,and 12225207)the Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province,China(No.202204051002006)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanxi Province,China(No.YDZJSX2021B002).
文摘Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic alloys are extensively utilized in the hot-end components of nuclear light water reactors,turbine disks,and gas compressors.However,their low strength at elevated temperatures limits their engineering applications.In this study,a novel precipit-ation-strengthened alloy system is developed by incorporating Al and Si elements into a FeCrNi equiatomic alloy.The results indicate that the FeCrNiAl_(x)Si_(x)(at%,x=0.1,0.2)alloys possess heterogeneous precipitation structures that feature a micron-scaleσphase at the grain boundaries and a nanoscale ordered body-centered cube(B2)phase within the grains.An exceptional strength-ductility synergy across a wide temperature range is achieved in FeCrNiAl_(0.1)Si_(0.1)alloys due to grain refinement and precipitation strengthening.Notably,a yield strength of 693.83 MPa,an ultimate tensile strength of 817.55 MPa,and a uniform elongation of 18.27%are attained at 873 K.The dislo-cation shearing mechanism for B2 phases and the Orowan bypass mechanism forσphase,coupled with a high density of nano-twins and stacking faults in the matrix,contribute to the excellent mechanical properties at cryogenic and ambient temperatures.Moreover,the emergence of serratedσphase and micro-twins in the matrix plays a crucial role in the strengthening and toughening mechanisms at inter-mediate temperatures.This study offers a novel perspective and strategy for the development of precipitation-hardened Fe-Cr-Ni austen-itic alloys with exceptional strength-ductility synergy over a broad temperature range.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Sheep Industry Technology System Position Expert Project(SDAIT-10-06)Binzhou Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Policy Guidance Plan Project for the Agricultural Social Service Field(2023SHFZ004).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to enhance the prevention and control of peste des petits ruminants(PPR)and goatpox(GTP).[Methods]Two experimental sheep farms in Northern Shandong were selected to conduct a comparative experiment between separate vaccinations for PPR and GTP and immunization with a combined live vaccine for both diseases.Antibody levels were measured to assess immunization effect on days 7,14,21 and 28 after vaccination.[Results]The qualified rates of group immune antibodies in both the experimental and control groups exceeded 75%,achieving the goal of preventing both PPR and GTP through a single immunization.[Conclusions]This study provides clinical application references for the prevention of PPR and GTP in the local area.
基金Abbreviations： double-stranded RNA （dsRNA） ELONGATED UPPER- MOST INTERNODE （Eui）+5 种基金 gibberellin （GA） GIBBERELLIN INSENSI- TIVE DWARF （GID） overexpression （OX） RNA interference （RNAi） slender rice （SLR） wild type （WT） We are grateful to Dr Shinjiro Yamaguchi （RIKEN, Ja- pan） for critical reading of the manuscript, and to Professor Yinong Yang （Penn. State University, USA） for the rice RNAi vector. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30670186 and 30421001）, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2006AA10A102） to ZH.
文摘The rice Eui （ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE） gene encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that deactivates bioactive gibberellins （GAs）. In this study, we investigated controlled expression of the Eui gene and its role in plant development. We found that Eui was differentially induced by exogenous GAs and that the Eui promoter had the highest activity in the vascular bundles. The eui mutant was defective in starch granule development in root caps and Eui overexpression enhanced starch granule generation and gravity responses, revealing a role for GA in root starch granule development and gravity responses. Experiments using embryoless half-seeds revealed that RAmylA and GAmyb were highly upregulated in eui aleurone ceils in the absence of exogenous GA. In addition, the GA biosynthesis genes GA3oxl and GA20ox2 were downregulated and GA2oxl was upregulated in eui seedlings. These results indicate that EUI is involved in GA homeostasis, not only in the internodes at the heading stage, but also in the seedling stage, roots and seeds. Disturbing GA homeostasis affected the expression of the GA signaling genes GID1 （GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1）, GID2 and SLR1. Transgenic RNA interference of the Eui gene effectively increased plant height and improved heading performance. By contrast, the ectopic expression of Eui under the promoters of the rice GA biosynthesis genes GA3ox2 and GA2Oox2 significantly reduced plant height. These results demonstrate that a slight increase in Eui expression could dramatically change rice morphology, indicating the practical application of the Eui gene in rice molecular breeding for a high yield potential.
