In this paper,the cement clinkers from various industrial Kilns were investigated by a superposing peaks method for X-ray quantitative analysis(XRQA)of clinker minerals,the results show that the clinker mineral conten...In this paper,the cement clinkers from various industrial Kilns were investigated by a superposing peaks method for X-ray quantitative analysis(XRQA)of clinker minerals,the results show that the clinker mineral contents measured by XRQA method better accord with the reality of clinkers made in different conditions than theoretic contents calculated by Bouge formula do.The measured contents of C3S of clinkers manufactured in rotary kilns are higher than theoretically calculated values,whereas,the results of clinker man manufactured in shaft kilns are contrary to that.This is because in rotary kiln,the raw meals are fully pre-heated and have high sintering temperature,the clinkers are well solid-solutioned and rapidly cooled,on the contrary,owing to the struetural defects,it is easy to exist reducing atmosphere and lower temperature in shaft kiln,moreover the cooling rate is slower,all these can evidently Lead to worse clinker quality.Adding CaF2-Ca-SO4 complex mineralizer can remarkably modify the sintering situation in shaft kiln,especially can evidently increase C3S content and make it well crystallized,therefore,im prove the sintered quality of clinker.展开更多
二代测序(next generation sequencing,NGS)的临床应用主要包括检测基因变异的全外显子组测序(whole exome sequencing,WES)和胎儿染色体非整倍体的无创产前筛查(non-invasive prenatal screening,NIPS)。本文回顾和概述了美国医学遗传...二代测序(next generation sequencing,NGS)的临床应用主要包括检测基因变异的全外显子组测序(whole exome sequencing,WES)和胎儿染色体非整倍体的无创产前筛查(non-invasive prenatal screening,NIPS)。本文回顾和概述了美国医学遗传与基因组学学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)指导和规范NGS和NIPS临床应用的相关文件的发表和更新过程,这包括提出并更新专家共识性质的政策和立场声明,用于指导NGS技术的应用和变异解析,建立具有循证基础的实践资源以及标准指南来规范诊断和筛查,及时更新相应的文件和标准指南等。ACMG的这些文献对中国同行具有重要的参考价值,但由于中美在人群致病基因变异频率、社会经济状况和医疗实践方面的差异,直接采用这些文件和标准指南可能不切实际。希望本文有助于基于中国人群体的遗传病数据,结合国内对NGS技术的应用,探索建立符合中国国情和国际规范的NGS和NIPS的指导文件和标准指南,为遗传病患者及亲属提供优质、高效而安全的临床服务。展开更多
文摘In this paper,the cement clinkers from various industrial Kilns were investigated by a superposing peaks method for X-ray quantitative analysis(XRQA)of clinker minerals,the results show that the clinker mineral contents measured by XRQA method better accord with the reality of clinkers made in different conditions than theoretic contents calculated by Bouge formula do.The measured contents of C3S of clinkers manufactured in rotary kilns are higher than theoretically calculated values,whereas,the results of clinker man manufactured in shaft kilns are contrary to that.This is because in rotary kiln,the raw meals are fully pre-heated and have high sintering temperature,the clinkers are well solid-solutioned and rapidly cooled,on the contrary,owing to the struetural defects,it is easy to exist reducing atmosphere and lower temperature in shaft kiln,moreover the cooling rate is slower,all these can evidently Lead to worse clinker quality.Adding CaF2-Ca-SO4 complex mineralizer can remarkably modify the sintering situation in shaft kiln,especially can evidently increase C3S content and make it well crystallized,therefore,im prove the sintered quality of clinker.
文摘二代测序(next generation sequencing,NGS)的临床应用主要包括检测基因变异的全外显子组测序(whole exome sequencing,WES)和胎儿染色体非整倍体的无创产前筛查(non-invasive prenatal screening,NIPS)。本文回顾和概述了美国医学遗传与基因组学学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)指导和规范NGS和NIPS临床应用的相关文件的发表和更新过程,这包括提出并更新专家共识性质的政策和立场声明,用于指导NGS技术的应用和变异解析,建立具有循证基础的实践资源以及标准指南来规范诊断和筛查,及时更新相应的文件和标准指南等。ACMG的这些文献对中国同行具有重要的参考价值,但由于中美在人群致病基因变异频率、社会经济状况和医疗实践方面的差异,直接采用这些文件和标准指南可能不切实际。希望本文有助于基于中国人群体的遗传病数据,结合国内对NGS技术的应用,探索建立符合中国国情和国际规范的NGS和NIPS的指导文件和标准指南,为遗传病患者及亲属提供优质、高效而安全的临床服务。
