Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)images,popularly used in the field of digital pathology,often pose challenges due to their limited color richness,hindering the differentiation of subtle cell features crucial for accurat...Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)images,popularly used in the field of digital pathology,often pose challenges due to their limited color richness,hindering the differentiation of subtle cell features crucial for accurate classification.Enhancing the visibility of these elusive cell features helps train robust deep-learning models.However,the selection and application of image processing techniques for such enhancement have not been systematically explored in the research community.To address this challenge,we introduce Salient Features Guided Augmentation(SFGA),an approach that strategically integrates machine learning and image processing.SFGA utilizes machine learning algorithms to identify crucial features within cell images,subsequently mapping these features to appropriate image processing techniques to enhance training images.By emphasizing salient features and aligning them with corresponding image processing methods,SFGA is designed to enhance the discriminating power of deep learning models in cell classification tasks.Our research undertakes a series of experiments,each exploring the performance of different datasets and data enhancement techniques in classifying cell types,highlighting the significance of data quality and enhancement in mitigating overfitting and distinguishing cell characteristics.Specifically,SFGA focuses on identifying tumor cells from tissue for extranodal extension detection,with the SFGA-enhanced dataset showing notable advantages in accuracy.We conducted a preliminary study of five experiments,among which the accuracy of the pleomorphism experiment improved significantly from 50.81%to 95.15%.The accuracy of the other four experiments also increased,with improvements ranging from 3 to 43 percentage points.Our preliminary study shows the possibilities to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of deep learning models and proposes a systematic approach that could enhance cancer diagnosis,contributing as a first step in using SFGA in medical image enhancement.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanism of Nostoc commune Vauch.polysaccharide(NCVP)on lead(Pb)-poisoning mice.NCVP improved Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity and inflammatory responses...This study aimed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanism of Nostoc commune Vauch.polysaccharide(NCVP)on lead(Pb)-poisoning mice.NCVP improved Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity and inflammatory responses and modulated key indicators of antioxidant capacity.Moreover,the down-regulation of critical proteins of the Nrf2 pathway induced by Pb could be reversed after NCVP intervention.In addition,NCVP maintained the diversity of gut bacteriobiota and restored the relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceae,g_Alloprevotella,and f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group reduced by Pb.Also,NCVP regulated the diversity and abundance of gut mycobiota affected by Pb.Specifically,Pb decreased the proportion of pathogenic species(g_Fusarium,p_Basidiomycota,g_Alternaria,g_Aspergillus,and g_Candida)while NCVP increased the abundance of probiotics species(g_Kazachstania and p_Ascomycota).Furthermore,the metabolomic analysis found that NCVP significantly altered a range of microbial metabolites,including porphobilinogen,cromakalim,salidroside,and trichostatin A,which has significant associations with specific gut bacteriobiota or mycobiota.These altered metabolites are involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis,metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450,lysine degradation,and other metabolic pathways.Overall,our findings indicate that NCVP might be an excellent natural product for eliminating Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity,possibly by regulating gut bacteriome,mycobiome and metabolome.展开更多
Metal flat surface in-line surface defect detection is notoriously difficult due to obstacles such as high surface reflectivity,pseudo-defect interference,and random elastic deformation.This study evaluates the approa...Metal flat surface in-line surface defect detection is notoriously difficult due to obstacles such as high surface reflectivity,pseudo-defect interference,and random elastic deformation.This study evaluates the approach for detecting scratches on a metal surface in order to address a problem in the detection process.This paper proposes an improved Gauss-Laplace(LoG)operator combined with a deep learning technique for metal surface scratch identification in order to solve the difficulties that it is challenging to reduce noise and that the edges are unclear when utilizing existing edge detection algorithms.In the process of scratch identification,it is challenging to differentiate between the scratch edge and the interference edge.Therefore,local texture screening is utilized by deep learning techniques that evaluate and identify scratch edges and interference edges based on the local texture characteristics of scratches.Experiments have proven that by combining the improved LoG operator with a deep learning strategy,it is able to effectively detect image edges,distinguish between scratch edges and interference edges,and identify clear scratch information.Experiments based on the six categories of meta scratches indicate that the proposedmethod has achieved rolled-in crazing(100%),inclusion(94.4%),patches(100%),pitted(100%),rolled(100%),and scratches(100%),respectively.展开更多
The Villagers' Charter of Self-government,as a senior form of village regulations and folk conventions,is the general charter of villagers' self-government. It is a small constitution of villagers,so it holds ...The Villagers' Charter of Self-government,as a senior form of village regulations and folk conventions,is the general charter of villagers' self-government. It is a small constitution of villagers,so it holds an important position in the villager autonomy system. Such position gives the credit to both historic and realistic objective factors. Rise of state power,vacancy of legislation,accumulation of excellent traditional resources,and democracy and contract spirit in village regulations and folk conventions will certainly accelerate development of village regulations and folk conventions and promote gradual improvement in the villager autonomy system.展开更多
Induction motors(IMs)typically fail due to the rate of stator short-circuits.Because of the similarity of the thermal images produced by various instances of short-circuit and the minor interclass distinctions between...Induction motors(IMs)typically fail due to the rate of stator short-circuits.Because of the similarity of the thermal images produced by various instances of short-circuit and the minor interclass distinctions between categories,non-destructive fault detection is universally perceived as a difficult issue.This paper adopts the deep learning model combined with feature fusion methods based on the image’s low-level features with higher resolution and more position and details and high-level features with more semantic information to develop a high-accuracy classification-detection approach for the fault diagnosis of IMs.Based on the publicly available thermal images(IRT)dataset related to condition monitoring of electrical equipment-IMs,the proposed approach outperforms the highest training accuracy,validation accuracy,and testing accuracy,i.e.,99%,100%,and 94%,respectively,compared with 8 benchmark approaches based on deep learning models and 3 existing approaches in the literature for 11-class IMs faults.Even the training loss,validation loss,and testing loss of the eleven deployed deep learning models meet industry standards.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology.The cause of IBD is widely considered multifactorial,with...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology.The cause of IBD is widely considered multifactorial,with prevailing hypotheses suggesting that the microbiome and various environmental factors contribute to inappropriate activation of the mucosal immune system in genetically susceptible individuals.Although the incidence of IBD has stabilized in Western countries,it is rapidly increasing in newly industrialized countries,particularly China,making IBD a global disease.Significant changes in multiple biomarkers before IBD diagnosis during the preclinical phase provide opportunities for earlier diagnosis and intervention.Advances in technology have driven the development of telemonitoring tools,such as home-testing kits for fecal calprotectin,serum cytokines,and therapeutic drug concentrations,as well as wearable devices for testing sweat cytokines and heart rate variability.These tools enable real-time disease activity assessment and timely treatment strategy adjustments.A wide range of novel drugs for IBD,including interleukin-23 inhibitors(mirikizumab,risankizumab,and guselkumab)and small-molecule drugs(etrasimod and upadacitinib),have been introduced in the past few years.Despite these advancements,approximately one-third of patients remain primary non-responders to the initial treatment,and half eventually lose response over time.Precision medicine integrating multi-omics data,advanced combination therapy,and complementary approaches,including stem cell transplantation,psychological therapies,neuromodulation,and gut microbiome modulation therapy,may offer solutions to break through the therapeutic ceiling.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a public health problem that endangers global health and is the leading cause for the occurrence and death due to hepatocellular carcinoma.Although nucleotide analogs are excellent i...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a public health problem that endangers global health and is the leading cause for the occurrence and death due to hepatocellular carcinoma.Although nucleotide analogs are excellent in controlling virus replication,they have little effect on the production,stability,and transcription of covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)in infected hepatocytes.Moreover,only a small fraction of patients with chronic hepatitis B are cured by interferon therapy.During HBV infection,HBV-specific B cells and T cells are produced.HBV-specific T cells exert antiviral effects through cell lysis and non-cytolytic effector functions,reducing viral intermediates and cccDNA.In addition,HBV-specific B cells produce antibodies that eliminate HBV-infected liver cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of natural killer cells.They can also bind to the hepatitis B surface antigen on the surface of the virus particle,inducing antibody-dependent phagocytosis by Kupffer cells.These responses could be combined with immunotherapy based on antiviral therapy,which may achieve a complete cure for hepatitis B.However,patients with chronic hepatitis B have immune dysfunctions,which challenges immunotherapy implementation.This review focuses on advances in adaptive immunotherapy for chronic viral hepatitis B.展开更多
基金supported by grants fromthe North China University of Technology Research Start-Up Fund(11005136024XN147-14)and(110051360024XN151-97)Guangzhou Development Zone Science and Technology Project(2023GH02)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFE0201100 and 2022YFA1103401 to Juntao Gao)National Natural Science Foundation of China(981890991 to Juntao Gao)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Z200021 to Juntao Gao)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(JCTD-2020-04 to Juntao Gao)0032/2022/A,by Macao FDCT,and MYRG2022-00271-FST.
文摘Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)images,popularly used in the field of digital pathology,often pose challenges due to their limited color richness,hindering the differentiation of subtle cell features crucial for accurate classification.Enhancing the visibility of these elusive cell features helps train robust deep-learning models.However,the selection and application of image processing techniques for such enhancement have not been systematically explored in the research community.To address this challenge,we introduce Salient Features Guided Augmentation(SFGA),an approach that strategically integrates machine learning and image processing.SFGA utilizes machine learning algorithms to identify crucial features within cell images,subsequently mapping these features to appropriate image processing techniques to enhance training images.By emphasizing salient features and aligning them with corresponding image processing methods,SFGA is designed to enhance the discriminating power of deep learning models in cell classification tasks.Our research undertakes a series of experiments,each exploring the performance of different datasets and data enhancement techniques in classifying cell types,highlighting the significance of data quality and enhancement in mitigating overfitting and distinguishing cell characteristics.Specifically,SFGA focuses on identifying tumor cells from tissue for extranodal extension detection,with the SFGA-enhanced dataset showing notable advantages in accuracy.We conducted a preliminary study of five experiments,among which the accuracy of the pleomorphism experiment improved significantly from 50.81%to 95.15%.The accuracy of the other four experiments also increased,with improvements ranging from 3 to 43 percentage points.Our preliminary study shows the possibilities to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of deep learning models and proposes a systematic approach that could enhance cancer diagnosis,contributing as a first step in using SFGA in medical image enhancement.
基金supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872519)General Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20230101247JC)the Open Research Fund of Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development,Ministry of Education.(KF202002).
文摘This study aimed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanism of Nostoc commune Vauch.polysaccharide(NCVP)on lead(Pb)-poisoning mice.NCVP improved Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity and inflammatory responses and modulated key indicators of antioxidant capacity.Moreover,the down-regulation of critical proteins of the Nrf2 pathway induced by Pb could be reversed after NCVP intervention.In addition,NCVP maintained the diversity of gut bacteriobiota and restored the relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceae,g_Alloprevotella,and f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group reduced by Pb.Also,NCVP regulated the diversity and abundance of gut mycobiota affected by Pb.Specifically,Pb decreased the proportion of pathogenic species(g_Fusarium,p_Basidiomycota,g_Alternaria,g_Aspergillus,and g_Candida)while NCVP increased the abundance of probiotics species(g_Kazachstania and p_Ascomycota).Furthermore,the metabolomic analysis found that NCVP significantly altered a range of microbial metabolites,including porphobilinogen,cromakalim,salidroside,and trichostatin A,which has significant associations with specific gut bacteriobiota or mycobiota.These altered metabolites are involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis,metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450,lysine degradation,and other metabolic pathways.Overall,our findings indicate that NCVP might be an excellent natural product for eliminating Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity,possibly by regulating gut bacteriome,mycobiome and metabolome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62001197)Natural Sciences Research Grant for Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(No.22KJD470002)Jiangsu Provincial Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program(No.XSJCX21_58).
文摘Metal flat surface in-line surface defect detection is notoriously difficult due to obstacles such as high surface reflectivity,pseudo-defect interference,and random elastic deformation.This study evaluates the approach for detecting scratches on a metal surface in order to address a problem in the detection process.This paper proposes an improved Gauss-Laplace(LoG)operator combined with a deep learning technique for metal surface scratch identification in order to solve the difficulties that it is challenging to reduce noise and that the edges are unclear when utilizing existing edge detection algorithms.In the process of scratch identification,it is challenging to differentiate between the scratch edge and the interference edge.Therefore,local texture screening is utilized by deep learning techniques that evaluate and identify scratch edges and interference edges based on the local texture characteristics of scratches.Experiments have proven that by combining the improved LoG operator with a deep learning strategy,it is able to effectively detect image edges,distinguish between scratch edges and interference edges,and identify clear scratch information.Experiments based on the six categories of meta scratches indicate that the proposedmethod has achieved rolled-in crazing(100%),inclusion(94.4%),patches(100%),pitted(100%),rolled(100%),and scratches(100%),respectively.
基金Supported by Key Bidding Project of National Social Science in 2011(11&ZD070)
文摘The Villagers' Charter of Self-government,as a senior form of village regulations and folk conventions,is the general charter of villagers' self-government. It is a small constitution of villagers,so it holds an important position in the villager autonomy system. Such position gives the credit to both historic and realistic objective factors. Rise of state power,vacancy of legislation,accumulation of excellent traditional resources,and democracy and contract spirit in village regulations and folk conventions will certainly accelerate development of village regulations and folk conventions and promote gradual improvement in the villager autonomy system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62001197)National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program)(2011AA05A107)+1 种基金Natural Sciences Research Grant for Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(No.22KJD470002)Jiangsu Provincial Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program(No.XSJCX21_58).
文摘Induction motors(IMs)typically fail due to the rate of stator short-circuits.Because of the similarity of the thermal images produced by various instances of short-circuit and the minor interclass distinctions between categories,non-destructive fault detection is universally perceived as a difficult issue.This paper adopts the deep learning model combined with feature fusion methods based on the image’s low-level features with higher resolution and more position and details and high-level features with more semantic information to develop a high-accuracy classification-detection approach for the fault diagnosis of IMs.Based on the publicly available thermal images(IRT)dataset related to condition monitoring of electrical equipment-IMs,the proposed approach outperforms the highest training accuracy,validation accuracy,and testing accuracy,i.e.,99%,100%,and 94%,respectively,compared with 8 benchmark approaches based on deep learning models and 3 existing approaches in the literature for 11-class IMs faults.Even the training loss,validation loss,and testing loss of the eleven deployed deep learning models meet industry standards.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82341223).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology.The cause of IBD is widely considered multifactorial,with prevailing hypotheses suggesting that the microbiome and various environmental factors contribute to inappropriate activation of the mucosal immune system in genetically susceptible individuals.Although the incidence of IBD has stabilized in Western countries,it is rapidly increasing in newly industrialized countries,particularly China,making IBD a global disease.Significant changes in multiple biomarkers before IBD diagnosis during the preclinical phase provide opportunities for earlier diagnosis and intervention.Advances in technology have driven the development of telemonitoring tools,such as home-testing kits for fecal calprotectin,serum cytokines,and therapeutic drug concentrations,as well as wearable devices for testing sweat cytokines and heart rate variability.These tools enable real-time disease activity assessment and timely treatment strategy adjustments.A wide range of novel drugs for IBD,including interleukin-23 inhibitors(mirikizumab,risankizumab,and guselkumab)and small-molecule drugs(etrasimod and upadacitinib),have been introduced in the past few years.Despite these advancements,approximately one-third of patients remain primary non-responders to the initial treatment,and half eventually lose response over time.Precision medicine integrating multi-omics data,advanced combination therapy,and complementary approaches,including stem cell transplantation,psychological therapies,neuromodulation,and gut microbiome modulation therapy,may offer solutions to break through the therapeutic ceiling.
基金This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2018ZX10302206 and 2017ZX10202203)。
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a public health problem that endangers global health and is the leading cause for the occurrence and death due to hepatocellular carcinoma.Although nucleotide analogs are excellent in controlling virus replication,they have little effect on the production,stability,and transcription of covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)in infected hepatocytes.Moreover,only a small fraction of patients with chronic hepatitis B are cured by interferon therapy.During HBV infection,HBV-specific B cells and T cells are produced.HBV-specific T cells exert antiviral effects through cell lysis and non-cytolytic effector functions,reducing viral intermediates and cccDNA.In addition,HBV-specific B cells produce antibodies that eliminate HBV-infected liver cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of natural killer cells.They can also bind to the hepatitis B surface antigen on the surface of the virus particle,inducing antibody-dependent phagocytosis by Kupffer cells.These responses could be combined with immunotherapy based on antiviral therapy,which may achieve a complete cure for hepatitis B.However,patients with chronic hepatitis B have immune dysfunctions,which challenges immunotherapy implementation.This review focuses on advances in adaptive immunotherapy for chronic viral hepatitis B.
