Urban waterfronts, where the land of city meets a body of water, are unique and finite resources representing the best opportunities for community enhancement and enrichment. On the other hand, waterfronts are also hi...Urban waterfronts, where the land of city meets a body of water, are unique and finite resources representing the best opportunities for community enhancement and enrichment. On the other hand, waterfronts are also high-risk areas, where the water-related disasters could seriously affect the long-term sustainability of urban environment. This paper focuses on the relationship of the cities with their waterfronts. It presents a case study of Wuhan--a Chinese metropolis, where waterfronts play an important role in its urban planning policy. It attempts to investigate the mechanism of waterfront transformation, and to find out which strategies to adapt and what resilience means in terms of urban waterfronts in a rapidly transforming city. This article examines some representative urban projects on the waterfront and summarizes spatial models applied on the waterfront with distinct policies. Finally, it demonstrates that an urban waterfront is an ＂osmotic interface＂ which should be more correctly envisaged as a network of places, functions, additions and hinges between the city and its water environment. It clarifies that waterfront areas represent a multidisciplinary and multitasking issue in perspective of urban resilient development.展开更多
Background:Voltage-gated sodium channels are the targets of many commonly used antiepileptic drugs.NaV1.6,encoded by Scn8a,increased in chronic mesial temporal epilepsy animal models and co-localized with Ankyrin-G,en...Background:Voltage-gated sodium channels are the targets of many commonly used antiepileptic drugs.NaV1.6,encoded by Scn8a,increased in chronic mesial temporal epilepsy animal models and co-localized with Ankyrin-G,encoded by Ank3.We hypothesized that inhibition of Ank3 transcription by siRNA decrease the expression of NaV1.6.Results:We characterized expression of the target genes in hippocampal neuron HT22 cells by Real time-PCR.The melt peak in the resolution curve of Scn1a,Scn8a and Ank3 were all unique.Ank3 transcription was interfered and the relative Ank3 mRNA levels of the three interfered groups compared to GAPDH were 0.89±0.13,0.52±0.07 and 0.26±0.05 while that of the negative control group was 1.01±0.08(P<0.05).When Ank3 transcription was inhibited by siRNA,the relative mRNA levels of Scn8a decreased in the three groups(0.91±0.09,0.33±0.06 and 0.25±0.05),compared to the negative control group(1.10±0.09).Tested by Western blotting,protein levels of ankyrinG and Nav1.6 decreased after ank3-siRNA.Ankyrin-G in negative control group,group1,group2 and group1+2 were 0.813±0.051,0.744±0.041,0.477±0.055 and 0.351±0.190 respectively(P<0.01)while Nav1.6 were 0.934±0.036,0.867±0.078,0.498±0.070 and 0.586±0.180(P<0.01).The quantity analysis of immunofluorescence showed significant decrease of ankyrin-G and Nav1.6(Student’s test,P=0.046 and 0.016 respectively).Conclusion:We therefore concluded that in HT22 cells the expression of Nav1.6 was down-regulated by Ank3 RNA interference.展开更多
文摘Urban waterfronts, where the land of city meets a body of water, are unique and finite resources representing the best opportunities for community enhancement and enrichment. On the other hand, waterfronts are also high-risk areas, where the water-related disasters could seriously affect the long-term sustainability of urban environment. This paper focuses on the relationship of the cities with their waterfronts. It presents a case study of Wuhan--a Chinese metropolis, where waterfronts play an important role in its urban planning policy. It attempts to investigate the mechanism of waterfront transformation, and to find out which strategies to adapt and what resilience means in terms of urban waterfronts in a rapidly transforming city. This article examines some representative urban projects on the waterfront and summarizes spatial models applied on the waterfront with distinct policies. Finally, it demonstrates that an urban waterfront is an ＂osmotic interface＂ which should be more correctly envisaged as a network of places, functions, additions and hinges between the city and its water environment. It clarifies that waterfront areas represent a multidisciplinary and multitasking issue in perspective of urban resilient development.
基金the National Nature Science foundation(81000554)Guangdong Nature Science foundation(2018A030313345)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province(2008B030301058).
文摘Background:Voltage-gated sodium channels are the targets of many commonly used antiepileptic drugs.NaV1.6,encoded by Scn8a,increased in chronic mesial temporal epilepsy animal models and co-localized with Ankyrin-G,encoded by Ank3.We hypothesized that inhibition of Ank3 transcription by siRNA decrease the expression of NaV1.6.Results:We characterized expression of the target genes in hippocampal neuron HT22 cells by Real time-PCR.The melt peak in the resolution curve of Scn1a,Scn8a and Ank3 were all unique.Ank3 transcription was interfered and the relative Ank3 mRNA levels of the three interfered groups compared to GAPDH were 0.89±0.13,0.52±0.07 and 0.26±0.05 while that of the negative control group was 1.01±0.08(P<0.05).When Ank3 transcription was inhibited by siRNA,the relative mRNA levels of Scn8a decreased in the three groups(0.91±0.09,0.33±0.06 and 0.25±0.05),compared to the negative control group(1.10±0.09).Tested by Western blotting,protein levels of ankyrinG and Nav1.6 decreased after ank3-siRNA.Ankyrin-G in negative control group,group1,group2 and group1+2 were 0.813±0.051,0.744±0.041,0.477±0.055 and 0.351±0.190 respectively(P<0.01)while Nav1.6 were 0.934±0.036,0.867±0.078,0.498±0.070 and 0.586±0.180(P<0.01).The quantity analysis of immunofluorescence showed significant decrease of ankyrin-G and Nav1.6(Student’s test,P=0.046 and 0.016 respectively).Conclusion:We therefore concluded that in HT22 cells the expression of Nav1.6 was down-regulated by Ank3 RNA interference.
