SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global public health threat.Vaccines are considered amongst the most important tools to control the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.As expected,deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infection have dropped dramatically ...SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global public health threat.Vaccines are considered amongst the most important tools to control the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.As expected,deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infection have dropped dramatically with widespread vaccination.However,there are concerns over the duration of vaccine-induced protection,as well as their effectiveness against emerging variants of concern.Here,we constructed a recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine expressing the full-length spike of SARS-CoV-2(Ad C68-S).Rapid and high levels of humoral and cellular immune responses were observed after immunization of C57BL/6J mice with one or two doses of Ad C68-S.Notably,neutralizing antibodies were observed up to at least six months after vaccination,without substantial decline.Single or double doses Ad C68-S immunization resulted in lower viral loads in lungs of mice against SARS-CoV-2 challenge both in the short term(21 days)and long-term(6 months).Histopathological examination of Ad C68-S immunized mice lungs showed mild histological abnormalities after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Taken together,this study demonstrates the efficacy and durability of the Ad C68-S vaccine and constitutes a promising candidate for clinical evaluation.展开更多
Dear Editor, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV),first isolated in 2012,has emerged zoonotically among humans (van Boheemen et al.2012).Since then, MERS-CoV continues to be a public health concern,w...Dear Editor, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV),first isolated in 2012,has emerged zoonotically among humans (van Boheemen et al.2012).Since then, MERS-CoV continues to be a public health concern,with a fatality rate of 35%.On-going MERS-CoV outbreaks highlight the urgent need for the development of interventional measures,including an effective vaccine against MERS-CoV infection.Currently,no licensed therapeutic or vaccine is available (Okba et al.2017).展开更多
To the Editor,Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is an effective treatment for portal hypertension,particularly in cases of esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding.By reducing portal pressure,TIPS low...To the Editor,Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is an effective treatment for portal hypertension,particularly in cases of esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding.By reducing portal pressure,TIPS lowers the risk of variceal bleeding and manages other complications associated with portal hypertension[1].It is also effective in addressing portal cavernous malformations[2].However,it does not resolve all issues related to portal hypertension.Its effectiveness is limited in conditions such as portal vein fibrosis[3],and those similar to this case,which is provisionally termed“dysfunctional portal vein.”展开更多
Booster vaccinations are highly recommended in combating the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its subvariants.However,the optimal booster vaccination strategies and related immune mechanisms with different prior vaccina...Booster vaccinations are highly recommended in combating the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its subvariants.However,the optimal booster vaccination strategies and related immune mechanisms with different prior vaccinations are under-revealed.In this study,we systematically evaluated the immune responses in mice and hamsters with different prime-boost regimens before their protective efficacies against Omicron were detected.We found that boosting with Ad5-nCoV,S_(WT)-2P or SOmicron-6P induced significantly higher levels of neutralization activities against Omicron variants than CoronaVac and ZF2001 by eliciting stronger germinal center(GC)responses.Specifically,S_(Omicron)-6P induced even stronger antibody responses against Omicron variants in CoronaVac and Ad5-nCoV-primed animals than non-Omicron-specific vaccines but with limited differences as compared to Ad5-nCoV and SWT-2P.In addition,boosting with a specific vaccine has the potential to remodel the existing immune profiles.These findings indicated that adenovirus-vectored vaccines and mRNA vaccines would be more effective than other types of vaccines as booster shots in combating Omicron infections.Moreover,the protective efficacies of the vaccines in booster vaccinations are highly related to GC reactions in secondary lymphatic organs.In summary,these findings provide timely important information on prime-boost regimens and future vaccine design.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)pandemic is the third human disease outbreak caused by an emerging coronavirus in the 21st century.Caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),the CO...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)pandemic is the third human disease outbreak caused by an emerging coronavirus in the 21st century.Caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),the COVID‐19 pandemic has been the most devastating,with millions of deaths.Medical countermeasures are needed to limit the number of infections and fatalities.Here,we discuss advances in clinical and research‐based treatment methods for SARS‐CoV‐2 that were initially derived from treatments for other coronaviruses.Recent advances in SARS‐CoV‐2 treatments,from traditional drugs and immunotherapies to artificial intelligence to predict potential future treatment methods,are summarized and discussed.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has claimedmillions of lives and caused innumerable economic losses worldwide.Unfortunately,state-of...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has claimedmillions of lives and caused innumerable economic losses worldwide.Unfortunately,state-of-the-art treatments still lag behind the continual emergence of new variants.Key to resolving this issue is developing antivirals to deactivate coronaviruses regardless of their structural evolution.Here,we report an innovative antiviral strategy involving extracellular disintegration of viral proteins with hyperanion-grafted enediyne(EDY)molecules.The core EDY generates reactive radical species and causes significant damage to the spike protein of coronavirus,while the hyperanion groups ensure negligible cytotoxicity of the molecules.The EDYs exhibit antiviral activity down to nanomolar concentrations,and the selectivity index of up to 20,000 against four kinds of human coronavirus,including the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant,suggesting the high potential of this new strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic and a future“disease X.”展开更多
Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)was first identified during late 2019,the sustained spread of this pathogen within the human population has caused worldwide disruption with staggerin...Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)was first identified during late 2019,the sustained spread of this pathogen within the human population has caused worldwide disruption with staggering infection rates and death tolls.Due to the accumulation of mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2,the virus has evolved into many variants,five of which have been listed as variants of concern VOCs by the World Health Organization(WHO).Multiple animal models of SARS‐CoV‐2 have been developed to evaluate vaccines and drugs and to assess the pathogenicity,transmissibility and antiviral measures of these VOCs.Here,we review the cutting‐edge research based on mouse,hamster,ferret and non‐human primate models for evaluating SARS‐CoV‐2 with a focus on the Omicron variant,and highlight the importance of updating vaccines in a timely manner in order to mitigate the negative effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in the human population.展开更多
Aims:Chronic liver disease(CLD)is increasingly recognized as a significant global public health threat,with morbidity and mortality rates remaining high.Evidence suggests that sarcopenia independently increases the ri...Aims:Chronic liver disease(CLD)is increasingly recognized as a significant global public health threat,with morbidity and mortality rates remaining high.Evidence suggests that sarcopenia independently increases the risk of CLD and negatively impacts various clinical outcomes,including survival,quality of life,and the emergence of additional complications in patients with CLD.This study aimed to give a bibliometric analysis to examine the correlation between sarcopenia and CLD from a literature perspective.Methods:To understand the structure of this research field,we employed VOSviewer.The research on the correlation between long‐term liver disease and sarcopenia was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection.VOSviewer 1.6.19.0 was utilized to examine and illustrate these publications,encompassing yearly patterns in the domain,focal points of research,significant articles,authors,journals,and organizations.Moreover,according to the results of the cluster analysis of keywords,we further searched and classified related studies to discuss.Results:This study provides a comprehensive analysis of current research trends,international collaboration models,fundamental understandings,key focus areas,and future research areas in the field of sarcopenia and CLD by reviewing publications from January 1,2000 to December 31,2023.Over the past 24 years,research in the field of sarcopenia and CLD has deepened,with a gradual increase in publications and citations from various countries,institutions,and authors.Keyword analysis of sarcopenia and CLD indicates that current research predominantly focuses on several key areas,including obesity,metabolic syndrome,hepatic steatosis,insulin resistance,inflammation,and nutrition therapy.Conclusion:This study provided a visual representation of the current research on the correlation between CLD and sarcopenia,including publication trends,global collaboration patterns,and research hotspots.This research contributes significantly by summarizing and discussing current research trends in sarcopenia and CLD,offering valuable insights into the complex relationship,and highlighting research trends,collaborations,and future directions in clinical treatment.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32070933 to J.M.Lan and Y.F.Yao)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.20ZR1463900 to J.M.Lan)+3 种基金financially the STS regional key project(KFJ-STS-QYZD-2021-12-001 to Z.M.Yuan and C.Shan)from Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Key R&D Program of China 2021YFE0201900 to C.Shan and 2021YFC0863300 to Z.M.Yuan and C.Shanthe National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC0863400)funding from Institut Pasteur,Fondation Merieux and the Chinese Academy of Sciences to G.W。
文摘SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global public health threat.Vaccines are considered amongst the most important tools to control the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.As expected,deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infection have dropped dramatically with widespread vaccination.However,there are concerns over the duration of vaccine-induced protection,as well as their effectiveness against emerging variants of concern.Here,we constructed a recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine expressing the full-length spike of SARS-CoV-2(Ad C68-S).Rapid and high levels of humoral and cellular immune responses were observed after immunization of C57BL/6J mice with one or two doses of Ad C68-S.Notably,neutralizing antibodies were observed up to at least six months after vaccination,without substantial decline.Single or double doses Ad C68-S immunization resulted in lower viral loads in lungs of mice against SARS-CoV-2 challenge both in the short term(21 days)and long-term(6 months).Histopathological examination of Ad C68-S immunized mice lungs showed mild histological abnormalities after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Taken together,this study demonstrates the efficacy and durability of the Ad C68-S vaccine and constitutes a promising candidate for clinical evaluation.
基金supported by the Megaproject for Infectious Disease Research of China(2016ZX10004001-003 and 2014ZX10004001-002 to W.T.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500300 to W.T.,2016YFC1200901 to Y.D.,and 2016YFC1200200 to B.H)
文摘Dear Editor, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV),first isolated in 2012,has emerged zoonotically among humans (van Boheemen et al.2012).Since then, MERS-CoV continues to be a public health concern,with a fatality rate of 35%.On-going MERS-CoV outbreaks highlight the urgent need for the development of interventional measures,including an effective vaccine against MERS-CoV infection.Currently,no licensed therapeutic or vaccine is available (Okba et al.2017).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program,Award No.62371474)National Key Researchand Development Program of China(Award No.2023YFC2308405)。
文摘To the Editor,Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is an effective treatment for portal hypertension,particularly in cases of esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding.By reducing portal pressure,TIPS lowers the risk of variceal bleeding and manages other complications associated with portal hypertension[1].It is also effective in addressing portal cavernous malformations[2].However,it does not resolve all issues related to portal hypertension.Its effectiveness is limited in conditions such as portal vein fibrosis[3],and those similar to this case,which is provisionally termed“dysfunctional portal vein.”
基金the National Virus Resource Center for kindly providing SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1(CCPM-B-V-049-2112-18)and BA.5(NPRC2.062200006)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0710700)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0490000,China)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52025036,51961145109)the Shanghai“Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory Project(22490750200,China)This work was partially carried out at the USTC Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication.
文摘Booster vaccinations are highly recommended in combating the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its subvariants.However,the optimal booster vaccination strategies and related immune mechanisms with different prior vaccinations are under-revealed.In this study,we systematically evaluated the immune responses in mice and hamsters with different prime-boost regimens before their protective efficacies against Omicron were detected.We found that boosting with Ad5-nCoV,S_(WT)-2P or SOmicron-6P induced significantly higher levels of neutralization activities against Omicron variants than CoronaVac and ZF2001 by eliciting stronger germinal center(GC)responses.Specifically,S_(Omicron)-6P induced even stronger antibody responses against Omicron variants in CoronaVac and Ad5-nCoV-primed animals than non-Omicron-specific vaccines but with limited differences as compared to Ad5-nCoV and SWT-2P.In addition,boosting with a specific vaccine has the potential to remodel the existing immune profiles.These findings indicated that adenovirus-vectored vaccines and mRNA vaccines would be more effective than other types of vaccines as booster shots in combating Omicron infections.Moreover,the protective efficacies of the vaccines in booster vaccinations are highly related to GC reactions in secondary lymphatic organs.In summary,these findings provide timely important information on prime-boost regimens and future vaccine design.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2021YFC0863400,2022YFE0114700)G4 funding from Institut Pasteur,Fondation Merieux,and Chinese Academy of Sciences to G.W.the International Affairs Department of the Institut Pasteur of Paris.
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)pandemic is the third human disease outbreak caused by an emerging coronavirus in the 21st century.Caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),the COVID‐19 pandemic has been the most devastating,with millions of deaths.Medical countermeasures are needed to limit the number of infections and fatalities.Here,we discuss advances in clinical and research‐based treatment methods for SARS‐CoV‐2 that were initially derived from treatments for other coronaviruses.Recent advances in SARS‐CoV‐2 treatments,from traditional drugs and immunotherapies to artificial intelligence to predict potential future treatment methods,are summarized and discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.21871080)the Eastern Scholar Professorship(for A.H.)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant no.20ZR1463900)(for J.L.).
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has claimedmillions of lives and caused innumerable economic losses worldwide.Unfortunately,state-of-the-art treatments still lag behind the continual emergence of new variants.Key to resolving this issue is developing antivirals to deactivate coronaviruses regardless of their structural evolution.Here,we report an innovative antiviral strategy involving extracellular disintegration of viral proteins with hyperanion-grafted enediyne(EDY)molecules.The core EDY generates reactive radical species and causes significant damage to the spike protein of coronavirus,while the hyperanion groups ensure negligible cytotoxicity of the molecules.The EDYs exhibit antiviral activity down to nanomolar concentrations,and the selectivity index of up to 20,000 against four kinds of human coronavirus,including the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant,suggesting the high potential of this new strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic and a future“disease X.”
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC0863400)the Alliance of International Science Organizations(No.ANSO-CR-SP-2020-02)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.20ZR1463900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32070933)as well as G4 funding from Institut Pasteur,Fondation Merieux and Chinese Academy of Sciences to G.W.,and the International Affairs Department of the Institut Pasteur of Paris.
文摘Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)was first identified during late 2019,the sustained spread of this pathogen within the human population has caused worldwide disruption with staggering infection rates and death tolls.Due to the accumulation of mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2,the virus has evolved into many variants,five of which have been listed as variants of concern VOCs by the World Health Organization(WHO).Multiple animal models of SARS‐CoV‐2 have been developed to evaluate vaccines and drugs and to assess the pathogenicity,transmissibility and antiviral measures of these VOCs.Here,we review the cutting‐edge research based on mouse,hamster,ferret and non‐human primate models for evaluating SARS‐CoV‐2 with a focus on the Omicron variant,and highlight the importance of updating vaccines in a timely manner in order to mitigate the negative effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in the human population.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:62371474National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFC2308405Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,Grant/Award Number:2023JH2/101600006。
文摘Aims:Chronic liver disease(CLD)is increasingly recognized as a significant global public health threat,with morbidity and mortality rates remaining high.Evidence suggests that sarcopenia independently increases the risk of CLD and negatively impacts various clinical outcomes,including survival,quality of life,and the emergence of additional complications in patients with CLD.This study aimed to give a bibliometric analysis to examine the correlation between sarcopenia and CLD from a literature perspective.Methods:To understand the structure of this research field,we employed VOSviewer.The research on the correlation between long‐term liver disease and sarcopenia was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection.VOSviewer 1.6.19.0 was utilized to examine and illustrate these publications,encompassing yearly patterns in the domain,focal points of research,significant articles,authors,journals,and organizations.Moreover,according to the results of the cluster analysis of keywords,we further searched and classified related studies to discuss.Results:This study provides a comprehensive analysis of current research trends,international collaboration models,fundamental understandings,key focus areas,and future research areas in the field of sarcopenia and CLD by reviewing publications from January 1,2000 to December 31,2023.Over the past 24 years,research in the field of sarcopenia and CLD has deepened,with a gradual increase in publications and citations from various countries,institutions,and authors.Keyword analysis of sarcopenia and CLD indicates that current research predominantly focuses on several key areas,including obesity,metabolic syndrome,hepatic steatosis,insulin resistance,inflammation,and nutrition therapy.Conclusion:This study provided a visual representation of the current research on the correlation between CLD and sarcopenia,including publication trends,global collaboration patterns,and research hotspots.This research contributes significantly by summarizing and discussing current research trends in sarcopenia and CLD,offering valuable insights into the complex relationship,and highlighting research trends,collaborations,and future directions in clinical treatment.
