Pyrus pyrifolia,commonly known as sand pear,is a key economic fruit tree in temperate regions that possesses highly diverse germplasm resources for pear quality improvement.However,research on the relationship between...Pyrus pyrifolia,commonly known as sand pear,is a key economic fruit tree in temperate regions that possesses highly diverse germplasm resources for pear quality improvement.However,research on the relationship between resistance and fruit quality traits in the breeding of fruit species like pear is limited.Pan-transcriptomes effectively capture genetic information from coding regions and reflect variations in gene expression between individuals.Here,we constructed a pan-transcriptome based on 506 samples from different tissues of sand pear,and explored the intrinsic relationships among phenotypes and the selection for disease resistance during improvement based on expression presence/absence variations(eP AVs).The pan-transcriptome in this study contains 156,744 transcripts,among which the novel transcripts showed significant enrichment in the defense response.Interestingly,disease resistance genes are highly expressed in landraces of pear but have been selected against during the improvement of this perennial tree species.We found that the genetically diverse landraces can be divided into two subgroups and inferred that they have undergone different dispersal processes.Through co-expression network analysis,we confirmed that the formation of stone cells in pears,the synthesis of fruit anthocyanins,and the ability to resist stress are interrelated.They are jointly regulated by several modules,and the expression of regulatory genes has significant correlations with these three processes.Moreover,we identified candidate genes such as HKL1 that may affect sugar content and are missing from the reference genome.This study provides insights into the associations between complex fruit traits,while providing a database resource for pear disease resistance and fruit quality breeding.展开更多
In deep oil reservoir development,enhanced oil recovery(EOR)techniques encounter significant challenges under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.Traditional profile-control agents often fail to maintain sta...In deep oil reservoir development,enhanced oil recovery(EOR)techniques encounter significant challenges under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.Traditional profile-control agents often fail to maintain stable blocking under extreme conditions and exhibit poor resistance to high temperature and high salinity.This study develops a functionalized nanographite system(the MEGO system)with superior high-temperature dispersibility and thermosalinity-responsive capability through polyether amine(PEA)grafting and noncovalent interactions with disodium naphthalene sulfonate(DNS)molecules.The grafted PEA and DNS provide steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion,enhancing thermal and salinity resistance.After ten days of aggregation,the MEGO system forms stable particle aggregates(55.51-61.80 lm)that are suitable for deep reservoir migration and profile control.Both experiments and simulations reveal that particle size variations are synergistically controlled by temperature and salt ions(Na^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+)).Compared with monovalent ions,divalent ions promote nanographite aggregation more strongly through double-layer compression and bridging effects.In core displacement experiments,the MEGO system demonstrated superior performance in reservoirs with permeabilities ranging from 21.6 to 103 mD.The aggregates formed within the pore throats significantly enhanced flow resistance,expanded the sweep volume,and increased the overall oil recovery to 56.01%.This research indicates that the MEGO system holds excellent potential for EOR in deep oil reservoirs.展开更多
Naturally occurring hematite has been widely studied in the Fenton-like system for water pollutant remediation due to its abundance and non-toxicity.However,its inadequate catalytic activity results in difficulty in e...Naturally occurring hematite has been widely studied in the Fenton-like system for water pollutant remediation due to its abundance and non-toxicity.However,its inadequate catalytic activity results in difficulty in effectively degrading pollutants in the catalytic degradation system that it constitutes.Thus,we constructed a photochemical system composed of hematite with{001}facet of high activity facet and low-cost and non-toxic oxalic acid(OA)for the removal of various types of pollutants.The removal rate for the degradation of metronidazole,tetracycline hydrochloride,Rhodamine B,and hexavalent chromium by hematite nanoplate with the exposed{001}facet activating OA under visible light irradiation was 4.75,2.25,2.33,and 2.74 times than that by the exposed{110}facet,respectively.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation proved that the OA molecule was more easily adsorbed on the{001}facet of hematite than that on the{110}facet,which would favor the formation of the more Fe(Ⅲ)-OA complex and reactive species.In addition,the reactive site of metronidazole for the attraction of radicals was identified on the basis of the DFT calculation on the molecular occupied orbitals,and the possible degradation pathway for metronidazole included carbon chain fracture,hydroxyethyl-cleavage,denitrogenation,and hydroxylation.Thus,this finding may offer a valuable direction in designing an efficient iron-based catalyst based on facet engineering for the improved activity of Fenton-like systems such as OA activation.展开更多
Biomimetic structures involve design and fabrication to mimic the natural world,taking inspiration from the unique shapes,patterns,and functions of biological organisms.This approach has proven to be highly effective ...Biomimetic structures involve design and fabrication to mimic the natural world,taking inspiration from the unique shapes,patterns,and functions of biological organisms.This approach has proven to be highly effective in building new functional and efficient structures for many applications.While it is often challenging to fabricate some of the complex biomimetic structures,the development of 3D printing technologies in recent years has made it more feasible,being a powerful tool for fabricating complex structures with high precision and accuracy,at the much reduced use of starting materials.In this review,we will examine the current state of biomimetic structures fabricated by 3D printing techniques and their specific applications in energy and environmentalfields for the decarbonization demand.The different selected types of biomimetic structures that have been constructed using 3D printing,the materials used,and the unique properties obtained will be explored.Subsequently,some typical biomimetic structures for energy and environmental applications,such as supercapacitors,zinc-air batteries,oil/water separation,selfcleaning,water collection,droplet manipulation,etc.,will be discussed.Finally,the opportunities in this rapidly changing area will be analyzed,hoping to provide insights into the innovative pathways that 3D-printed biomimetic structures can be used to address some challenges in energy and environmental areas.展开更多
The lithium-sulfur reaction can contribute to the chemical electrical energy conversion capacity due to the multi-level ion/electron transfer process. However, the appearance of soluble intermediate products prevents ...The lithium-sulfur reaction can contribute to the chemical electrical energy conversion capacity due to the multi-level ion/electron transfer process. However, the appearance of soluble intermediate products prevents efficient electron transfer, making it impossible to achieve stable cycling and capacity contribution. Restricted catalysis provides a solution for inhibiting the shuttle of soluble lithium polysulfides.Herein, MXene aerogel with optimized channel utilization is designed as S host according to the polysulfide control strategy of localization, adsorption, and catalysis. With the help of the results of oriented channels, the polysulfide conversion process is optimized, providing a comprehensive scheme for inhibiting the shuttle effect. Lithium sulfur catalytic batteries have achieved high capacity and stable cycling.This system provides a comprehensive solution for lithium sulfur reaction catalysis and a new perspective for the functional application of MXene based lithium sulfur batteries.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To </sp...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">put forward suggestions to improve the linkage mechanism between China’s essential medicine list and healthcare insurance medicine list. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Comparative study of the organization setting, selection criteria, adjustment procedures, and reimbursement of essential medicine list and healthcare insurance medicine list, containing</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">both the foreign experience and China’s status quo. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">When two lists exist at the same time, they are often managed separately abroad, setting more selection criteria for the essential medicine, and giving the essential medicine </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">higher payment ratio. The two lists in China are managed and adjusted separately, but lack of con</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nection</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> As a result,</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">some essential medicines cannot be reimbursed</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The two lists’ linkage mechanism needs to be improved. It is recommended to </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">make it </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clear that essential medicines should be selected from the healthcare insurance medicine list, and enhance the consistency of medicine evaluation through mutually scientific evidence.展开更多
Gradient magnetic heterointerfaces have injected infinite vitality in optimizing impedance matching,adjusting dielectric/magnetic resonance and promoting electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption,but still exist a significan...Gradient magnetic heterointerfaces have injected infinite vitality in optimizing impedance matching,adjusting dielectric/magnetic resonance and promoting electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption,but still exist a significant challenging in regulating local phase evolution.Herein,accordion-shaped Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@N-doped carbon nanosheets(Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@NC)with gradient magnetic heterointerfaces have been fabricated via the cooperative high-temperature carbonization and lowtemperature oxidation process.The results indicate that the surface epitaxial growth of crystal Co_(3)O_(4) domains on local Co nanoparticles realizes the adjustment of magnetic-heteroatomic components,which are beneficial for optimizing impedance matching and interfacial polarization.Moreover,gradient magnetic heterointerfaces simultaneously realize magnetic coupling,and long-range magnetic diffraction.Specifically,the synthesized Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@NC absorbents display the strong electromagnetic wave attenuation capability of−53.5 dB at a thickness of 3.0 mm with an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.36 GHz,both are superior to those of single magnetic domains embedded in carbon matrix.This design concept provides us an inspiration in optimizing interfacial polarization,regulating magnetic coupling and promoting electromagnetic wave absorption.展开更多
MAX series materials,as non-van der Waals layered multi-element compounds,contribute remarkable regulated properties and functional dimension,combining the features of metal and ceramic materials due to their inherent...MAX series materials,as non-van der Waals layered multi-element compounds,contribute remarkable regulated properties and functional dimension,combining the features of metal and ceramic materials due to their inherently laminated crystal structure that Mn+1Xn slabs are intercalated with A element layers.Oriented to the functional requirements of information,intelligence,electrification,and aerospace in the new era,how to accelerate MAX series materials into new quality productive forces?The systematic enhancement of knowledge about MAX series materials is intrinsic to understanding its low-dimensional geometric structure characteristics,and physical and chemical properties,revealing the correlation of composition,structure,and function and further realizing rational design based on simulation and prediction.Diversity also brings complexity to MAX materials research.This review provides substantial tabular information on(Ⅰ)MAX’s research timeline from 1960 to the present,(Ⅱ)structure diversity and classification convention,(Ⅲ)synthesis route exploration,(Ⅳ)prediction based on theory and machine learning,(Ⅴ)properties,and(Ⅵ)functional applications.Herein,the researchers can quickly locate research content and recognize connections and differences of MAX series materials.In addition,the research challenges for the future development of MAX series materials are highlighted.展开更多
In the process of deep engineering excavation,the mechanical properties of rock are significantly influenced by the coupled effects of water and high stress,which greatly increase construction difficulty.To more accur...In the process of deep engineering excavation,the mechanical properties of rock are significantly influenced by the coupled effects of water and high stress,which greatly increase construction difficulty.To more accurately investigate the impact of water disturbance on the failure process of dry rock under high stress and the failure mechanisms of saturated rock in underwater environments,a water environment test chamber and a prefabricated borehole specimen through-water device were designed.A series of experiments were conducted,including uniaxial tests,water-disturbed granite cylinder tests,and through-water disturbance tests on prefabricated hole square specimens.The results showed that the acoustic emission(AE)hits and accumulated energy after the through-water disturbance at the same time were 8.77 and 12.08 times higher than before the disturbance,respectively.And water disturbance increased the proportion of tensile failure and reduced the proportion of shear failure.A key observation was that AE events were mainly generated in the permeation areas near the borehole.The main reason was that under high stress,the weakening effect of water led to the failure of the local mineral structure of the rock,promoting crack extension and triggering overall instability.Notably,failure of the saturated specimens underwater was only observed when the applied load approached the saturation strength of the prefabricated hole square specimens.The study results provide an important theoretical basis for understanding the damage mechanism of water-disturbed rocks in deep engineering,and have significant implications for the design and construction of engineering.展开更多
Stone cells have been described to substantially influence pear fruit quality,as lignin and cellulose are the main components of stone cells.However,there are limited studies on the relationship between the variation ...Stone cells have been described to substantially influence pear fruit quality,as lignin and cellulose are the main components of stone cells.However,there are limited studies on the relationship between the variation and molecular basis of stone cells,lignin and cellulose content among different pear varieties.Here,to reveal the variation of stone cell content within different cultivated species,we collected 236 germplasms of sand pear(Pyrus pyrifolia)at 50 days after flower blooming(DAFB),the key stage of stone cell formation.In our results,we measured the content of stone cells,lignin and cellulose and found that these contents ranged from2.82%to 29.00%,8.84%to 55.30%and 11.52%to 30.55%,respectively.Further analysis showed that the variation coefficient of stone cell,lignin and cellulose content was 39.10%,28.03%and 16.71%,respectively.Additionally,a significant correlation between stone cell,lignin and cellulose content were detected,and the correlation coefficient between the contents of stone cell and lignin(0.912)was higher than between the contents of stone cell and cellulose(0.796).Moreover,the average lignin content(29.73%)was higher than the average cellulose content(18.03%)in stone cells in pear fruits,indicating that lignin is the main component of stone cell in pears.Finally,on the basic of the transcriptome data,we identified 10 transcription factors belonging to bHLH,ERF,MYB,and NAC transcript families,which might be involved in lignin formation in stone cells.qRT-PCR experiments verified coincident trends between expression of candidate genes and stone cell content.This research laid foundation for future studies on genetic variation of stone cells in pear fruits and provided important gene resources for stone cell regulation.展开更多
Wild strawberry Fragaria vesca is emerging as an important model system for the cultivated strawberry due to its diploid genome and availability of extensive transcriptome data and a range of molecular genetic tools.B...Wild strawberry Fragaria vesca is emerging as an important model system for the cultivated strawberry due to its diploid genome and availability of extensive transcriptome data and a range of molecular genetic tools.Being able to better utilize these tools,especially the transcriptome data,will greatly facilitate research progress in strawberry and other Rosaceae fruit crops.The electronic fluorescent pictograph(eFP)software is a useful and popular tool to display transcriptome data visually,and is widely used in other model organisms including Arabidopsis and mouse.Here we applied eFP to display wild strawberry RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)data from 42 different tissues and stages,including various flower and fruit developmental stages.In addition,we generated eight additional RNA-seq data sets to represent tissues from ripening-stage receptacle fruit from yellow-colored and red-colored wild strawberry varieties.Differential gene expression analysis between these eight data sets provides additional information for understanding fruit-quality traits.Together,this work greatly facilitates the utility of the extensive transcriptome data for investigating strawberry flower and fruit development as well as fruit-quality traits.展开更多
Automatic liver segmentation from abdominal images is challenging on the aspects of segmentation accuracy, automation and robustness. There exist many methods of liver segmentation and ways of categorisingthem. In thi...Automatic liver segmentation from abdominal images is challenging on the aspects of segmentation accuracy, automation and robustness. There exist many methods of liver segmentation and ways of categorisingthem. In this paper, we present a new way of summarizing the latest achievements in automatic liver segmentation. We categorise a segmentation method according to the image feature it works on, therefore better summarising the performance of each category and leading to finding an optimal solution for a particular segmentation task. All the methods of liver segmentation are categorized into three main classes including gray level based method, structure based method and texture based method. In each class, the latest advance is reviewed with summary comments on the advantages and drawbacks of each discussed approach. Performance comparisons among the classes are given along with the remarks on the problems existed and possible solutions. In conclusion, we point out that liver segmentation is still an open issue and the tendency is that multiple methods will be employed together to achieve better segmentation performance.展开更多
Automatic segmentation of liver in medical images is challenging on the aspects of accuracy, automation and robustness. A crucial stage of the liver segmentation is the selection of the image features for the segmenta...Automatic segmentation of liver in medical images is challenging on the aspects of accuracy, automation and robustness. A crucial stage of the liver segmentation is the selection of the image features for the segmentation. This paper presents an accurate liver segmentation algorithm. The approach starts with a texture analysis which results in an optimal set of texture features including high order statistical texture features and anatomical structural features. Then, it creates liver distribution image by classifying the original image pixelwisely using support vector machines. Lastly, it uses a group of morphological operations to locate the liver organ accurately in the image. The novelty of the approach is resided in the fact that the features are so selected that both local and global texture distributions are considered, which is important in liver organ segmentation where neighbouring tissues and organs have similar greyscale distributions. Experiment results of liver segmentation on CT images using the proposed method are presented with performance validation and discussion.展开更多
This paper presents a fully automatic segmentation method of liver CT scans using fuzzy c-mean clustering and level set. First, the contrast of original image is enhanced to make boundaries clearer;second, a spatial f...This paper presents a fully automatic segmentation method of liver CT scans using fuzzy c-mean clustering and level set. First, the contrast of original image is enhanced to make boundaries clearer;second, a spatial fuzzy c-mean clustering combining with anatomical prior knowledge is employed to extract liver region automatically;thirdly, a distance regularized level set is used for refinement;finally, morphological operations are used as post-processing. The experiment result shows that the method can achieve high accuracy (0.9986) and specificity (0.9989). Comparing with standard level set method, our method is more effective in dealing with over-segmentation problem.展开更多
Perovskite has received extensive attention due to its excellent properties, just like photoelectric, while the instability has always troubled us to the wide application of perovskite materials. Herein, we proposed t...Perovskite has received extensive attention due to its excellent properties, just like photoelectric, while the instability has always troubled us to the wide application of perovskite materials. Herein, we proposed to use SiO_(2)and POE to encapsulate perovskite nanocrystals(PNCs). In this work, we have successfully prepared a series of perovskite composite materials and films with different concentration ratios.Due to the protection of POE, the luminous intensity of CsPbBr_(3)@POE composite film remained above 90% after stayed in the water for 42 days. The lead concentration of CsPbBr_(3)@POE composite film was 0.8 μg/m L after 48 h of immersing in deionized water. Namely, packaging PNCs in POE could effectively prevent Pb from overflowing reduce Pb pollution. Besides, the composite films showed a wide colour gamut with 117% of NTSC colour gamut, which shows that this composite material has a development prospect in the WLED field.展开更多
We propose a method to quantitatively characterize the fine phase transition processes of Li^(+)/Er^(3+):BaTiO_(3)(BLET)ferroelectric materials by observing fluorescence wavelength shift.A lithium and erbium co-doped ...We propose a method to quantitatively characterize the fine phase transition processes of Li^(+)/Er^(3+):BaTiO_(3)(BLET)ferroelectric materials by observing fluorescence wavelength shift.A lithium and erbium co-doped barium titanate ferroelectric ceramic was fabricated and the down-conversion infrared fluorescence spectra of the transition^(4)I13/2→^(4)I15/2 were measured as a function of temperature.The three structural phase transition processes,namely rhombohedral-orthorhombic,orthorhombic-tetragonal,and tetragonal-cubic transformations,determined by X-ray diffraction results are accompanied by corresponding changes in the position of the fluorescence peaks,yielding an exact consistency.This contactless,non-destructive and spatially-resolved fluorescence method provides a localized quantitative analysis for the phase transition processes of BLET ceramics.As this method is based on the fluorescence peak wavelength dependence on the crystal environment,it may potentially be used to characterize the phase transitions in other ferroelectric materials.展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of decitabine(DEC)combined with ruxolitinib(RUX)in the treatment of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML).Methods The clinical characteristics of 12...Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of decitabine(DEC)combined with ruxolitinib(RUX)in the treatment of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML).Methods The clinical characteristics of 12 patients with CMML were analyzed retrospectively and subsequent target sequencing was performed to investigate the efficacy of the combined treatment with DEC and RUX and the molecular signatures therein.Results Among the 12 cases,clinical improvement was observed in all patients(100%),spleen reduction was observed in six patients(67%),and hematologic improvement was observed in four patients(33%).In the CMML-1 group,the overall response was 50%(3/6),one case achieved complete response,one achieved bone marrow remission,and one achieved hematological improvement.In the CMML-2 group,the overall response was 17%(1/6),one case achieved complete response,four showed disease progression(PD),and one exhibited no response.As expected,ASXL1 mutation was predictive for the outcome of CMML(hazard ratio of 2.97,95%confidence interval of 1.21–7.06;P=0.02).Conclusion The use of DEC combined with RUX in the treatment of CMML effectively improved the clinical response and quality of life,especially for CMML-1 patients.Ongoing clinical trials will further evaluate the safety and efficacy of this novel therapeutic approach.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(32230097)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200503)+2 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28)the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(JATS[2023]412)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Young Scholar,China(BK20221010)。
文摘Pyrus pyrifolia,commonly known as sand pear,is a key economic fruit tree in temperate regions that possesses highly diverse germplasm resources for pear quality improvement.However,research on the relationship between resistance and fruit quality traits in the breeding of fruit species like pear is limited.Pan-transcriptomes effectively capture genetic information from coding regions and reflect variations in gene expression between individuals.Here,we constructed a pan-transcriptome based on 506 samples from different tissues of sand pear,and explored the intrinsic relationships among phenotypes and the selection for disease resistance during improvement based on expression presence/absence variations(eP AVs).The pan-transcriptome in this study contains 156,744 transcripts,among which the novel transcripts showed significant enrichment in the defense response.Interestingly,disease resistance genes are highly expressed in landraces of pear but have been selected against during the improvement of this perennial tree species.We found that the genetically diverse landraces can be divided into two subgroups and inferred that they have undergone different dispersal processes.Through co-expression network analysis,we confirmed that the formation of stone cells in pears,the synthesis of fruit anthocyanins,and the ability to resist stress are interrelated.They are jointly regulated by several modules,and the expression of regulatory genes has significant correlations with these three processes.Moreover,we identified candidate genes such as HKL1 that may affect sugar content and are missing from the reference genome.This study provides insights into the associations between complex fruit traits,while providing a database resource for pear disease resistance and fruit quality breeding.
基金supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074335)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0129900 and 2019YFA0708700)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(23CX07003A)the Special Funding Program for the Operational Expenses of National Research Institutions(SKLDOG2024-ZYRC-01).
文摘In deep oil reservoir development,enhanced oil recovery(EOR)techniques encounter significant challenges under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.Traditional profile-control agents often fail to maintain stable blocking under extreme conditions and exhibit poor resistance to high temperature and high salinity.This study develops a functionalized nanographite system(the MEGO system)with superior high-temperature dispersibility and thermosalinity-responsive capability through polyether amine(PEA)grafting and noncovalent interactions with disodium naphthalene sulfonate(DNS)molecules.The grafted PEA and DNS provide steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion,enhancing thermal and salinity resistance.After ten days of aggregation,the MEGO system forms stable particle aggregates(55.51-61.80 lm)that are suitable for deep reservoir migration and profile control.Both experiments and simulations reveal that particle size variations are synergistically controlled by temperature and salt ions(Na^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+)).Compared with monovalent ions,divalent ions promote nanographite aggregation more strongly through double-layer compression and bridging effects.In core displacement experiments,the MEGO system demonstrated superior performance in reservoirs with permeabilities ranging from 21.6 to 103 mD.The aggregates formed within the pore throats significantly enhanced flow resistance,expanded the sweep volume,and increased the overall oil recovery to 56.01%.This research indicates that the MEGO system holds excellent potential for EOR in deep oil reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176151)。
文摘Naturally occurring hematite has been widely studied in the Fenton-like system for water pollutant remediation due to its abundance and non-toxicity.However,its inadequate catalytic activity results in difficulty in effectively degrading pollutants in the catalytic degradation system that it constitutes.Thus,we constructed a photochemical system composed of hematite with{001}facet of high activity facet and low-cost and non-toxic oxalic acid(OA)for the removal of various types of pollutants.The removal rate for the degradation of metronidazole,tetracycline hydrochloride,Rhodamine B,and hexavalent chromium by hematite nanoplate with the exposed{001}facet activating OA under visible light irradiation was 4.75,2.25,2.33,and 2.74 times than that by the exposed{110}facet,respectively.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation proved that the OA molecule was more easily adsorbed on the{001}facet of hematite than that on the{110}facet,which would favor the formation of the more Fe(Ⅲ)-OA complex and reactive species.In addition,the reactive site of metronidazole for the attraction of radicals was identified on the basis of the DFT calculation on the molecular occupied orbitals,and the possible degradation pathway for metronidazole included carbon chain fracture,hydroxyethyl-cleavage,denitrogenation,and hydroxylation.Thus,this finding may offer a valuable direction in designing an efficient iron-based catalyst based on facet engineering for the improved activity of Fenton-like systems such as OA activation.
基金support from the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028623150)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109021)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200375)the Jiangsu Shuangchuang Talent Program(JSSCBS20210100)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province(2023FE007)and MTC Young Individual Research Grant(YIRG)(Grant no.M22K3c0101)administered by Agency of Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore.J.Wang and team thank the support of Singapore National Research Fundation(Singapore,NRF)for research conducted in the National University of Singapore(Project NRF-CRP26-2021RS-0002).
文摘Biomimetic structures involve design and fabrication to mimic the natural world,taking inspiration from the unique shapes,patterns,and functions of biological organisms.This approach has proven to be highly effective in building new functional and efficient structures for many applications.While it is often challenging to fabricate some of the complex biomimetic structures,the development of 3D printing technologies in recent years has made it more feasible,being a powerful tool for fabricating complex structures with high precision and accuracy,at the much reduced use of starting materials.In this review,we will examine the current state of biomimetic structures fabricated by 3D printing techniques and their specific applications in energy and environmentalfields for the decarbonization demand.The different selected types of biomimetic structures that have been constructed using 3D printing,the materials used,and the unique properties obtained will be explored.Subsequently,some typical biomimetic structures for energy and environmental applications,such as supercapacitors,zinc-air batteries,oil/water separation,selfcleaning,water collection,droplet manipulation,etc.,will be discussed.Finally,the opportunities in this rapidly changing area will be analyzed,hoping to provide insights into the innovative pathways that 3D-printed biomimetic structures can be used to address some challenges in energy and environmental areas.
基金the financial support provided by the Development Plan of Science and Technology of Jilin Province,China (YDZJ202301ZYTS280)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (YDZJ202401316ZYTS)+2 种基金the Innovation Laboratory Development Program of Education Department of Jilin ProvinceIndustry and Information Technology Department of Jilin Province,China (The Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials)MXene Research Support Plan of Jilin 11 Technology Co.,Ltd.China。
文摘The lithium-sulfur reaction can contribute to the chemical electrical energy conversion capacity due to the multi-level ion/electron transfer process. However, the appearance of soluble intermediate products prevents efficient electron transfer, making it impossible to achieve stable cycling and capacity contribution. Restricted catalysis provides a solution for inhibiting the shuttle of soluble lithium polysulfides.Herein, MXene aerogel with optimized channel utilization is designed as S host according to the polysulfide control strategy of localization, adsorption, and catalysis. With the help of the results of oriented channels, the polysulfide conversion process is optimized, providing a comprehensive scheme for inhibiting the shuttle effect. Lithium sulfur catalytic batteries have achieved high capacity and stable cycling.This system provides a comprehensive solution for lithium sulfur reaction catalysis and a new perspective for the functional application of MXene based lithium sulfur batteries.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">put forward suggestions to improve the linkage mechanism between China’s essential medicine list and healthcare insurance medicine list. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Comparative study of the organization setting, selection criteria, adjustment procedures, and reimbursement of essential medicine list and healthcare insurance medicine list, containing</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">both the foreign experience and China’s status quo. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">When two lists exist at the same time, they are often managed separately abroad, setting more selection criteria for the essential medicine, and giving the essential medicine </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">higher payment ratio. The two lists in China are managed and adjusted separately, but lack of con</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nection</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> As a result,</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">some essential medicines cannot be reimbursed</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The two lists’ linkage mechanism needs to be improved. It is recommended to </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">make it </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clear that essential medicines should be selected from the healthcare insurance medicine list, and enhance the consistency of medicine evaluation through mutually scientific evidence.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373271)Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality under Grant(KCXFZ20201221173004012)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-YBNY-271)Open Testing Foundation of the Analytical&Testing Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University(2023T019).
文摘Gradient magnetic heterointerfaces have injected infinite vitality in optimizing impedance matching,adjusting dielectric/magnetic resonance and promoting electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption,but still exist a significant challenging in regulating local phase evolution.Herein,accordion-shaped Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@N-doped carbon nanosheets(Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@NC)with gradient magnetic heterointerfaces have been fabricated via the cooperative high-temperature carbonization and lowtemperature oxidation process.The results indicate that the surface epitaxial growth of crystal Co_(3)O_(4) domains on local Co nanoparticles realizes the adjustment of magnetic-heteroatomic components,which are beneficial for optimizing impedance matching and interfacial polarization.Moreover,gradient magnetic heterointerfaces simultaneously realize magnetic coupling,and long-range magnetic diffraction.Specifically,the synthesized Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@NC absorbents display the strong electromagnetic wave attenuation capability of−53.5 dB at a thickness of 3.0 mm with an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.36 GHz,both are superior to those of single magnetic domains embedded in carbon matrix.This design concept provides us an inspiration in optimizing interfacial polarization,regulating magnetic coupling and promoting electromagnetic wave absorption.
基金financial support by the Development Plan of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(No.YDZJ202201ZYTS305)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.YDZJ202401316ZYTS)the Innovation Laboratory Development Program of Education Department of Jilin Province and Industry and Information Technology Department of Jilin Province,China(The Joint Laboratory of MAX/MXene Materials).
文摘MAX series materials,as non-van der Waals layered multi-element compounds,contribute remarkable regulated properties and functional dimension,combining the features of metal and ceramic materials due to their inherently laminated crystal structure that Mn+1Xn slabs are intercalated with A element layers.Oriented to the functional requirements of information,intelligence,electrification,and aerospace in the new era,how to accelerate MAX series materials into new quality productive forces?The systematic enhancement of knowledge about MAX series materials is intrinsic to understanding its low-dimensional geometric structure characteristics,and physical and chemical properties,revealing the correlation of composition,structure,and function and further realizing rational design based on simulation and prediction.Diversity also brings complexity to MAX materials research.This review provides substantial tabular information on(Ⅰ)MAX’s research timeline from 1960 to the present,(Ⅱ)structure diversity and classification convention,(Ⅲ)synthesis route exploration,(Ⅳ)prediction based on theory and machine learning,(Ⅴ)properties,and(Ⅵ)functional applications.Herein,the researchers can quickly locate research content and recognize connections and differences of MAX series materials.In addition,the research challenges for the future development of MAX series materials are highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374080 and 52404201)。
文摘In the process of deep engineering excavation,the mechanical properties of rock are significantly influenced by the coupled effects of water and high stress,which greatly increase construction difficulty.To more accurately investigate the impact of water disturbance on the failure process of dry rock under high stress and the failure mechanisms of saturated rock in underwater environments,a water environment test chamber and a prefabricated borehole specimen through-water device were designed.A series of experiments were conducted,including uniaxial tests,water-disturbed granite cylinder tests,and through-water disturbance tests on prefabricated hole square specimens.The results showed that the acoustic emission(AE)hits and accumulated energy after the through-water disturbance at the same time were 8.77 and 12.08 times higher than before the disturbance,respectively.And water disturbance increased the proportion of tensile failure and reduced the proportion of shear failure.A key observation was that AE events were mainly generated in the permeation areas near the borehole.The main reason was that under high stress,the weakening effect of water led to the failure of the local mineral structure of the rock,promoting crack extension and triggering overall instability.Notably,failure of the saturated specimens underwater was only observed when the applied load approached the saturation strength of the prefabricated hole square specimens.The study results provide an important theoretical basis for understanding the damage mechanism of water-disturbed rocks in deep engineering,and have significant implications for the design and construction of engineering.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFD1000200)the Earmarked Fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(Grant No.JATS[2019]420)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-28).
文摘Stone cells have been described to substantially influence pear fruit quality,as lignin and cellulose are the main components of stone cells.However,there are limited studies on the relationship between the variation and molecular basis of stone cells,lignin and cellulose content among different pear varieties.Here,to reveal the variation of stone cell content within different cultivated species,we collected 236 germplasms of sand pear(Pyrus pyrifolia)at 50 days after flower blooming(DAFB),the key stage of stone cell formation.In our results,we measured the content of stone cells,lignin and cellulose and found that these contents ranged from2.82%to 29.00%,8.84%to 55.30%and 11.52%to 30.55%,respectively.Further analysis showed that the variation coefficient of stone cell,lignin and cellulose content was 39.10%,28.03%and 16.71%,respectively.Additionally,a significant correlation between stone cell,lignin and cellulose content were detected,and the correlation coefficient between the contents of stone cell and lignin(0.912)was higher than between the contents of stone cell and cellulose(0.796).Moreover,the average lignin content(29.73%)was higher than the average cellulose content(18.03%)in stone cells in pear fruits,indicating that lignin is the main component of stone cell in pears.Finally,on the basic of the transcriptome data,we identified 10 transcription factors belonging to bHLH,ERF,MYB,and NAC transcript families,which might be involved in lignin formation in stone cells.qRT-PCR experiments verified coincident trends between expression of candidate genes and stone cell content.This research laid foundation for future studies on genetic variation of stone cells in pear fruits and provided important gene resources for stone cell regulation.
基金This work has been supported by NSF grant IOS1444987 to ZLthe USDA NIFA Hatch project accession 1010278 to ZLthe China Scholarship Council student fellowship to JL.
文摘Wild strawberry Fragaria vesca is emerging as an important model system for the cultivated strawberry due to its diploid genome and availability of extensive transcriptome data and a range of molecular genetic tools.Being able to better utilize these tools,especially the transcriptome data,will greatly facilitate research progress in strawberry and other Rosaceae fruit crops.The electronic fluorescent pictograph(eFP)software is a useful and popular tool to display transcriptome data visually,and is widely used in other model organisms including Arabidopsis and mouse.Here we applied eFP to display wild strawberry RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)data from 42 different tissues and stages,including various flower and fruit developmental stages.In addition,we generated eight additional RNA-seq data sets to represent tissues from ripening-stage receptacle fruit from yellow-colored and red-colored wild strawberry varieties.Differential gene expression analysis between these eight data sets provides additional information for understanding fruit-quality traits.Together,this work greatly facilitates the utility of the extensive transcriptome data for investigating strawberry flower and fruit development as well as fruit-quality traits.
文摘Automatic liver segmentation from abdominal images is challenging on the aspects of segmentation accuracy, automation and robustness. There exist many methods of liver segmentation and ways of categorisingthem. In this paper, we present a new way of summarizing the latest achievements in automatic liver segmentation. We categorise a segmentation method according to the image feature it works on, therefore better summarising the performance of each category and leading to finding an optimal solution for a particular segmentation task. All the methods of liver segmentation are categorized into three main classes including gray level based method, structure based method and texture based method. In each class, the latest advance is reviewed with summary comments on the advantages and drawbacks of each discussed approach. Performance comparisons among the classes are given along with the remarks on the problems existed and possible solutions. In conclusion, we point out that liver segmentation is still an open issue and the tendency is that multiple methods will be employed together to achieve better segmentation performance.
文摘Automatic segmentation of liver in medical images is challenging on the aspects of accuracy, automation and robustness. A crucial stage of the liver segmentation is the selection of the image features for the segmentation. This paper presents an accurate liver segmentation algorithm. The approach starts with a texture analysis which results in an optimal set of texture features including high order statistical texture features and anatomical structural features. Then, it creates liver distribution image by classifying the original image pixelwisely using support vector machines. Lastly, it uses a group of morphological operations to locate the liver organ accurately in the image. The novelty of the approach is resided in the fact that the features are so selected that both local and global texture distributions are considered, which is important in liver organ segmentation where neighbouring tissues and organs have similar greyscale distributions. Experiment results of liver segmentation on CT images using the proposed method are presented with performance validation and discussion.
文摘This paper presents a fully automatic segmentation method of liver CT scans using fuzzy c-mean clustering and level set. First, the contrast of original image is enhanced to make boundaries clearer;second, a spatial fuzzy c-mean clustering combining with anatomical prior knowledge is employed to extract liver region automatically;thirdly, a distance regularized level set is used for refinement;finally, morphological operations are used as post-processing. The experiment result shows that the method can achieve high accuracy (0.9986) and specificity (0.9989). Comparing with standard level set method, our method is more effective in dealing with over-segmentation problem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872207,52072271)。
文摘Perovskite has received extensive attention due to its excellent properties, just like photoelectric, while the instability has always troubled us to the wide application of perovskite materials. Herein, we proposed to use SiO_(2)and POE to encapsulate perovskite nanocrystals(PNCs). In this work, we have successfully prepared a series of perovskite composite materials and films with different concentration ratios.Due to the protection of POE, the luminous intensity of CsPbBr_(3)@POE composite film remained above 90% after stayed in the water for 42 days. The lead concentration of CsPbBr_(3)@POE composite film was 0.8 μg/m L after 48 h of immersing in deionized water. Namely, packaging PNCs in POE could effectively prevent Pb from overflowing reduce Pb pollution. Besides, the composite films showed a wide colour gamut with 117% of NTSC colour gamut, which shows that this composite material has a development prospect in the WLED field.
基金supported in part by the National Key Basic Research Program of China[grant no.2013CB632900]the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)[grant no.11304061]。
文摘We propose a method to quantitatively characterize the fine phase transition processes of Li^(+)/Er^(3+):BaTiO_(3)(BLET)ferroelectric materials by observing fluorescence wavelength shift.A lithium and erbium co-doped barium titanate ferroelectric ceramic was fabricated and the down-conversion infrared fluorescence spectra of the transition^(4)I13/2→^(4)I15/2 were measured as a function of temperature.The three structural phase transition processes,namely rhombohedral-orthorhombic,orthorhombic-tetragonal,and tetragonal-cubic transformations,determined by X-ray diffraction results are accompanied by corresponding changes in the position of the fluorescence peaks,yielding an exact consistency.This contactless,non-destructive and spatially-resolved fluorescence method provides a localized quantitative analysis for the phase transition processes of BLET ceramics.As this method is based on the fluorescence peak wavelength dependence on the crystal environment,it may potentially be used to characterize the phase transitions in other ferroelectric materials.
基金Supported by a grant from the Fund of Ruijin Hospital North affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No:2018ZY03)
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of decitabine(DEC)combined with ruxolitinib(RUX)in the treatment of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML).Methods The clinical characteristics of 12 patients with CMML were analyzed retrospectively and subsequent target sequencing was performed to investigate the efficacy of the combined treatment with DEC and RUX and the molecular signatures therein.Results Among the 12 cases,clinical improvement was observed in all patients(100%),spleen reduction was observed in six patients(67%),and hematologic improvement was observed in four patients(33%).In the CMML-1 group,the overall response was 50%(3/6),one case achieved complete response,one achieved bone marrow remission,and one achieved hematological improvement.In the CMML-2 group,the overall response was 17%(1/6),one case achieved complete response,four showed disease progression(PD),and one exhibited no response.As expected,ASXL1 mutation was predictive for the outcome of CMML(hazard ratio of 2.97,95%confidence interval of 1.21–7.06;P=0.02).Conclusion The use of DEC combined with RUX in the treatment of CMML effectively improved the clinical response and quality of life,especially for CMML-1 patients.Ongoing clinical trials will further evaluate the safety and efficacy of this novel therapeutic approach.
