Using Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications,Version 2(MERRA-2)data in the northern hemisphere at the 10 hPa level,we compared the stratospheric evolution of temperature and geopotential heigh...Using Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications,Version 2(MERRA-2)data in the northern hemisphere at the 10 hPa level,we compared the stratospheric evolution of temperature and geopotential height during two major sudden stratosphere warming events(SSWs)that occurred in the Arctic winter of 2018 and 2019.In the prewarming period,poleward temperature-enhanced regions were mainly located around 120°E with a displaced vortex and around 120°E and 60°W with splitting vortices.The evolution of geopotential height indicated that these temperature-enhanced regions were both on the western side of high-latitude anticyclones.In the postwarming period,the polar vortex turned from splitting to displacement in the 2018 SSW but from displacement to splitting in the 2019 SSW.Both transitions were observed over the Atlantic region,which may have been caused by anticyclones moving through the polar region.Our findings revealed that the evolution of the anticyclone is important during SSWs and is closely related to temperature-enhanced regions in the prewarming periods and to transitions of the polar vortices in postwarming periods.展开更多
During spermiogenesis,haploid spermatids undergo dramatic morphological changes to form slender sperm flagella and cap-like acrosomes,which are required for successful fertilization.Severe deformities in flagella caus...During spermiogenesis,haploid spermatids undergo dramatic morphological changes to form slender sperm flagella and cap-like acrosomes,which are required for successful fertilization.Severe deformities in flagella cause a male infertility syndrome,multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella(MMAF),while acrosomal hypoplasia in some cases leads to sub-optimal embryonic developmental potential.However,evidence regarding the occurrence of acrosomal hypoplasia in MMAF is limited.Here,we report the generation of base-edited mice knocked out for coiled-coil domain-containing 38(Ccdc38)via inducing a nonsense mutation and find that the males are infertile.The Ccdc38-KO sperm display acrosomal hypoplasia and typical MMAF phenotypes.We find that the acrosomal membrane is loosely anchored to the nucleus and fibrous sheaths are disorganized in Ccdc38-KO sperm.Further analyses reveal that Ccdc38 knockout causes a decreased level of TEKT3,a protein associated with acrosome biogenesis,in testes and an aberrant distribution of TEKT3 in sperm.We finally show that intracytoplasmic sperm injection overcomes Ccdc38-related infertility.Our study thus reveals a previously unknown role for CCDC38 in acrosome biogenesis and provides additional evidence for the occurrence of acrosomal hypoplasia in MMAF.展开更多
●R mecoturn package is developed for microbial turnover analysis.●Linear mixed-effects model is implemented for beta diversity analysis.●The shift profiles of taxonomic abundances can be fitted with multiple models...●R mecoturn package is developed for microbial turnover analysis.●Linear mixed-effects model is implemented for beta diversity analysis.●The shift profiles of taxonomic abundances can be fitted with multiple models.●The combination of different approaches can address complex turnover cases.One of the most critical studies on microbial ecology is to reveal microbial turnover patterns along spatial,temporal,or environmental gradients.In such studies,it is often necessary to select appropriate statistical methods based on the experimental design,especially when considering random effects.However,there are few tools that can be readily applied to such cases.In this study,we present a mecoturn R package,designed to support various statistical analyses of microbial turnover along gradients.Two R6 classes(betaturn and taxaturn)have been developed to investigate the beta diversity of microbial communities and the shift profiles of taxonomic abundances,respectively.In each category,several fundamental functions and approaches were encapsulated to enable data preparation,data conversion and filtering,model fitting and visualization.Each analytical component can be implemented with the consideration of random effects,such as(generalized)linear mixed-effects model.Especially in the analysis of beta diversity,the application of linear mixed-effects model fills a gap in the field of related methodologies.To demonstrate the efficacy of two classes and their diverse methodologies,we employed microbial community datasets of bulk soil,rhizosphere soil,and root endophytes of wheat from varying regions of China to conduct a comparative analysis for different pipelines.We found that reasonable analysis considering the heterogeneity of plants can strengthen the reliability of statistical hypothesis testing.The mecoturn package can be freely installed from CRAN(The Comprehensive R Archive Network)or GitHub repository(accessible at:github.com/ChiLiubio/mecoturn).展开更多
Photocatalytic conversion of chemical fuels has emerged as a most challenging subject in photocatalysis which is considered as one of the sustainable solutions for environmental issues related to the energy shortage a...Photocatalytic conversion of chemical fuels has emerged as a most challenging subject in photocatalysis which is considered as one of the sustainable solutions for environmental issues related to the energy shortage and anthropogenic carbon emissions.Herein,unique heterostructures of ZnCdS nanoplates with Bi_(2)S_(3)-terminated edges were prepared through a facile cation exchange pathway,by which the controlled photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion was achieved.The optimized BZCS–NS-5 photocatalyst exhibited an excellent capacity of CO_(2)photoreduction with a CO production rate of ca.513.2±5.1μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and a selectivity of ca.91.0%,which were among the highest activities for sulfide photocatalysts documented in the literature.The outstanding photocatalytic performance was attributable to the formation of Z-scheme heterostrucutres between Bi_(2)S_(3)and ZnCdS,in a way the separation and migration of photocarriers were accelerated.This work thus provides a feasible strategy for the construction of heterostructures to enhance the activity and selectivity of CO_(2)-to-CO conversion via delicate design and controlled synthesis of photocatalysts.展开更多
Single-atom catalysts(SACs)attract significant attention owing to their high catalytic activity,high metal atom utilization efficiency,and well-defined and configurable active sites.However,achieving single-atom dispe...Single-atom catalysts(SACs)attract significant attention owing to their high catalytic activity,high metal atom utilization efficiency,and well-defined and configurable active sites.However,achieving single-atom dispersion of active metals at high metal loadings remains challenging,limiting the performance of SACs in many practical applications.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of recent methods developed for synthesizing high-loading SACs,critically exploring their advantages,limitations,and wider applicability.Additionally,we showcase the benefits of high-loading SACs in the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),water electrolysis,photocatalytic hydrogen production and CO oxidation.Although great recent progress has been made in the synthesis of high loading SACs,simple and universal routes that allowed the preprogrammed preparation of single metal and multi-metal SACs with specific metal coordination need to be discovered.展开更多
Background: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), which exhibits differential clinical, patho- logical, and molecular features compared to late-onset CRC (LOCRC), is rising globally. The potential di...Background: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), which exhibits differential clinical, patho- logical, and molecular features compared to late-onset CRC (LOCRC), is rising globally. The potential differential effects of blood glucose on EOCRC compared to LOCRC have not been investigated. Methods: This study analyzed 374,568 participants from the UK Biobank cohort and 172,809 participants from the Kailuan cohort. The linear associations between blood glucose and EOCRC/LOCRC were estimated using Cox regression models. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis and non-linear Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using a 70-SNPs genetic instrument for fasting glucose were used to explore the potential non-linear associations. Results: Participants in the highest quintile of blood glucose had higher overall CRC risk compared to the lowest quintile (HR = 1.10 in the UK Biobank cohort, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21, P -trend = 0.012;HR = 1.23 in the Kailuan cohort, 95% CI: 1.01-1.51, P -trend = 0.036). Elevated glucose ( > 7.0 mmol/L) was more strongly associated with increased risk of EOCRC (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07-2.44) than with LOCRC (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27) in the UK Biobank cohort ( P- heterogeneity = 0.014). Elevated glucose ( > 7.0 mmol/L) was associated with increased risk of LOCRC (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04-1.65) in the Kailuan cohort as well. There was no evidence for non-linear associations between blood glucose and risks of EOCRC/LOCRC. Conclusions: This study showed a positive association between blood glucose and CRC risk in a dose-response manner, particularly for EOCRC, suggesting that tighter glucose control should be a priority for younger age groups.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 41574142 and 41531070)the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories,and the National Science Foundation(grant AGS-1744033).
文摘Using Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications,Version 2(MERRA-2)data in the northern hemisphere at the 10 hPa level,we compared the stratospheric evolution of temperature and geopotential height during two major sudden stratosphere warming events(SSWs)that occurred in the Arctic winter of 2018 and 2019.In the prewarming period,poleward temperature-enhanced regions were mainly located around 120°E with a displaced vortex and around 120°E and 60°W with splitting vortices.The evolution of geopotential height indicated that these temperature-enhanced regions were both on the western side of high-latitude anticyclones.In the postwarming period,the polar vortex turned from splitting to displacement in the 2018 SSW but from displacement to splitting in the 2019 SSW.Both transitions were observed over the Atlantic region,which may have been caused by anticyclones moving through the polar region.Our findings revealed that the evolution of the anticyclone is important during SSWs and is closely related to temperature-enhanced regions in the prewarming periods and to transitions of the polar vortices in postwarming periods.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2701400)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000393 and 32288101).
文摘During spermiogenesis,haploid spermatids undergo dramatic morphological changes to form slender sperm flagella and cap-like acrosomes,which are required for successful fertilization.Severe deformities in flagella cause a male infertility syndrome,multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella(MMAF),while acrosomal hypoplasia in some cases leads to sub-optimal embryonic developmental potential.However,evidence regarding the occurrence of acrosomal hypoplasia in MMAF is limited.Here,we report the generation of base-edited mice knocked out for coiled-coil domain-containing 38(Ccdc38)via inducing a nonsense mutation and find that the males are infertile.The Ccdc38-KO sperm display acrosomal hypoplasia and typical MMAF phenotypes.We find that the acrosomal membrane is loosely anchored to the nucleus and fibrous sheaths are disorganized in Ccdc38-KO sperm.Further analyses reveal that Ccdc38 knockout causes a decreased level of TEKT3,a protein associated with acrosome biogenesis,in testes and an aberrant distribution of TEKT3 in sperm.We finally show that intracytoplasmic sperm injection overcomes Ccdc38-related infertility.Our study thus reveals a previously unknown role for CCDC38 in acrosome biogenesis and provides additional evidence for the occurrence of acrosomal hypoplasia in MMAF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20608,42077206,32071548,42477117,U20A2008)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0107000)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.KFb22072XA)the Project of Grassland Multifunctionality Evaluation in Three-River-Source National Park(Grant No.QHQXD-2023-28).
文摘●R mecoturn package is developed for microbial turnover analysis.●Linear mixed-effects model is implemented for beta diversity analysis.●The shift profiles of taxonomic abundances can be fitted with multiple models.●The combination of different approaches can address complex turnover cases.One of the most critical studies on microbial ecology is to reveal microbial turnover patterns along spatial,temporal,or environmental gradients.In such studies,it is often necessary to select appropriate statistical methods based on the experimental design,especially when considering random effects.However,there are few tools that can be readily applied to such cases.In this study,we present a mecoturn R package,designed to support various statistical analyses of microbial turnover along gradients.Two R6 classes(betaturn and taxaturn)have been developed to investigate the beta diversity of microbial communities and the shift profiles of taxonomic abundances,respectively.In each category,several fundamental functions and approaches were encapsulated to enable data preparation,data conversion and filtering,model fitting and visualization.Each analytical component can be implemented with the consideration of random effects,such as(generalized)linear mixed-effects model.Especially in the analysis of beta diversity,the application of linear mixed-effects model fills a gap in the field of related methodologies.To demonstrate the efficacy of two classes and their diverse methodologies,we employed microbial community datasets of bulk soil,rhizosphere soil,and root endophytes of wheat from varying regions of China to conduct a comparative analysis for different pipelines.We found that reasonable analysis considering the heterogeneity of plants can strengthen the reliability of statistical hypothesis testing.The mecoturn package can be freely installed from CRAN(The Comprehensive R Archive Network)or GitHub repository(accessible at:github.com/ChiLiubio/mecoturn).
基金support from the NSFC(Nos.91622114,21520102001,21521061 and 21331006)the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment(No.SKLPEE-202008)Fuzhou University,and the Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(No.CXZX2019073G).
文摘Photocatalytic conversion of chemical fuels has emerged as a most challenging subject in photocatalysis which is considered as one of the sustainable solutions for environmental issues related to the energy shortage and anthropogenic carbon emissions.Herein,unique heterostructures of ZnCdS nanoplates with Bi_(2)S_(3)-terminated edges were prepared through a facile cation exchange pathway,by which the controlled photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion was achieved.The optimized BZCS–NS-5 photocatalyst exhibited an excellent capacity of CO_(2)photoreduction with a CO production rate of ca.513.2±5.1μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and a selectivity of ca.91.0%,which were among the highest activities for sulfide photocatalysts documented in the literature.The outstanding photocatalytic performance was attributable to the formation of Z-scheme heterostrucutres between Bi_(2)S_(3)and ZnCdS,in a way the separation and migration of photocarriers were accelerated.This work thus provides a feasible strategy for the construction of heterostructures to enhance the activity and selectivity of CO_(2)-to-CO conversion via delicate design and controlled synthesis of photocatalysts.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92061125,22209186)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z200012)+1 种基金Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.20212ACB213009,20223BBG74004)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No.2023343)。
文摘Single-atom catalysts(SACs)attract significant attention owing to their high catalytic activity,high metal atom utilization efficiency,and well-defined and configurable active sites.However,achieving single-atom dispersion of active metals at high metal loadings remains challenging,limiting the performance of SACs in many practical applications.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of recent methods developed for synthesizing high-loading SACs,critically exploring their advantages,limitations,and wider applicability.Additionally,we showcase the benefits of high-loading SACs in the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),water electrolysis,photocatalytic hydrogen production and CO oxidation.Although great recent progress has been made in the synthesis of high loading SACs,simple and universal routes that allowed the preprogrammed preparation of single metal and multi-metal SACs with specific metal coordination need to be discovered.
基金funded by the Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Science(grant number:2022-I2M-1-0031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:82173606)+1 种基金supported by the Beijing Nova Program of Science and Technology(grant number:20230484397)the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:82273726).
文摘Background: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), which exhibits differential clinical, patho- logical, and molecular features compared to late-onset CRC (LOCRC), is rising globally. The potential differential effects of blood glucose on EOCRC compared to LOCRC have not been investigated. Methods: This study analyzed 374,568 participants from the UK Biobank cohort and 172,809 participants from the Kailuan cohort. The linear associations between blood glucose and EOCRC/LOCRC were estimated using Cox regression models. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis and non-linear Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using a 70-SNPs genetic instrument for fasting glucose were used to explore the potential non-linear associations. Results: Participants in the highest quintile of blood glucose had higher overall CRC risk compared to the lowest quintile (HR = 1.10 in the UK Biobank cohort, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21, P -trend = 0.012;HR = 1.23 in the Kailuan cohort, 95% CI: 1.01-1.51, P -trend = 0.036). Elevated glucose ( > 7.0 mmol/L) was more strongly associated with increased risk of EOCRC (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07-2.44) than with LOCRC (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27) in the UK Biobank cohort ( P- heterogeneity = 0.014). Elevated glucose ( > 7.0 mmol/L) was associated with increased risk of LOCRC (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04-1.65) in the Kailuan cohort as well. There was no evidence for non-linear associations between blood glucose and risks of EOCRC/LOCRC. Conclusions: This study showed a positive association between blood glucose and CRC risk in a dose-response manner, particularly for EOCRC, suggesting that tighter glucose control should be a priority for younger age groups.
