Quercus is the largest genus within the Fagaceae and has a rich fossil record.Most of the fossil material is attributed to the subgenus Quercus based on leaves,pollen or rarely acorns and nuts.Fossil records of Q.sect...Quercus is the largest genus within the Fagaceae and has a rich fossil record.Most of the fossil material is attributed to the subgenus Quercus based on leaves,pollen or rarely acorns and nuts.Fossil records of Q.section Cyclobalanopsis characterized by ring-cupped acorns are relatively few and especially those described based on nuts are scant.In this study,we described four new species of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis based on mummified acorns and nuts:Q.paleodisciformis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.,Q.paleohui X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.,Q.nanningensis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.and Q.yongningensis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.These species closely resemble the extant species Q.disciformis,Q.hui,Q.kerrii,and Q.dinghuensis.The occurrence of Q.section Cyclobalanopsis in the Oligocene stratum of Guangxi,South China,suggests that the section has diversified within its extant distribution center since the Oligocene.By combining records from other areas,we propose that the section first appeared in the middle Eocene of East Asia(Sino-Japan),has diversified in situ with a few elements scattering into West Asia and southern Europe since the Oligocene and Pliocene,respectively,and finally became restricted in East Asia since the Pleistocene.This indicates that the section originated and diversified in East Asia,before spreading into West Asia no later than the Oligocene and into southern Europe by the Pliocene.Subsequently it disappeared from South Europe and West Asia due to the appearance of the(summer dry)Mediterranean climate and widespread cooling during the Pleistocene.展开更多
The‘man fern’(Cibotium,Cibotiaceae),a typical tree fern of tropical and subtropical climates,is today mainly distributed in the Hawaiian Islands,Mesoamerica,and tropical and subtropical regions of East and Southeast...The‘man fern’(Cibotium,Cibotiaceae),a typical tree fern of tropical and subtropical climates,is today mainly distributed in the Hawaiian Islands,Mesoamerica,and tropical and subtropical regions of East and Southeast Asia.Reliable fossil records of this genus are rare.Only two cases of stem fossils have been reported from the Upper Cretaceous of Iwate-Ken,Japan and the upper Eocene of Oregon,USA.In this paper,ultimate fertile pinna fossils of Cibotium are described from the Miocene Erzitang Formation of Guiping Basin,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,South China,which also preserve in situ spores and cuticles.As the first global discovery of Cibotium pinna fossils preserving both in situ spores and cuticles,this find enriches the organ types of Cibotium fossils.This is also the first discovery of Cibotium fossils within its modern distribution range,indicating that Cibotium had migrated southwards into its modern distribution by at least the Miocene.Based on the modern habitat of Cibotium,we infer that the Guiping Basin was under a warm and humid tropical/subtropical climate in the Miocene.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41872015,31770241,41820104002,and 41661134049)the grant of the Natural Environment Research Council of Research Councils UK(No.NE/P013805/1).
文摘Quercus is the largest genus within the Fagaceae and has a rich fossil record.Most of the fossil material is attributed to the subgenus Quercus based on leaves,pollen or rarely acorns and nuts.Fossil records of Q.section Cyclobalanopsis characterized by ring-cupped acorns are relatively few and especially those described based on nuts are scant.In this study,we described four new species of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis based on mummified acorns and nuts:Q.paleodisciformis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.,Q.paleohui X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.,Q.nanningensis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.and Q.yongningensis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.These species closely resemble the extant species Q.disciformis,Q.hui,Q.kerrii,and Q.dinghuensis.The occurrence of Q.section Cyclobalanopsis in the Oligocene stratum of Guangxi,South China,suggests that the section has diversified within its extant distribution center since the Oligocene.By combining records from other areas,we propose that the section first appeared in the middle Eocene of East Asia(Sino-Japan),has diversified in situ with a few elements scattering into West Asia and southern Europe since the Oligocene and Pliocene,respectively,and finally became restricted in East Asia since the Pleistocene.This indicates that the section originated and diversified in East Asia,before spreading into West Asia no later than the Oligocene and into southern Europe by the Pliocene.Subsequently it disappeared from South Europe and West Asia due to the appearance of the(summer dry)Mediterranean climate and widespread cooling during the Pleistocene.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42072020 and 41820104002)the State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology,CAS)(No.223110)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22qntd2606).
文摘The‘man fern’(Cibotium,Cibotiaceae),a typical tree fern of tropical and subtropical climates,is today mainly distributed in the Hawaiian Islands,Mesoamerica,and tropical and subtropical regions of East and Southeast Asia.Reliable fossil records of this genus are rare.Only two cases of stem fossils have been reported from the Upper Cretaceous of Iwate-Ken,Japan and the upper Eocene of Oregon,USA.In this paper,ultimate fertile pinna fossils of Cibotium are described from the Miocene Erzitang Formation of Guiping Basin,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,South China,which also preserve in situ spores and cuticles.As the first global discovery of Cibotium pinna fossils preserving both in situ spores and cuticles,this find enriches the organ types of Cibotium fossils.This is also the first discovery of Cibotium fossils within its modern distribution range,indicating that Cibotium had migrated southwards into its modern distribution by at least the Miocene.Based on the modern habitat of Cibotium,we infer that the Guiping Basin was under a warm and humid tropical/subtropical climate in the Miocene.
