Activated charcoals were synthesized from sugar palm bunches(SPB)of the native tree of Arenga longipes in Indonesia.The synthesized activated charcoal(AC)was characterized,and utilized as an absorbent for heavy metals...Activated charcoals were synthesized from sugar palm bunches(SPB)of the native tree of Arenga longipes in Indonesia.The synthesized activated charcoal(AC)was characterized,and utilized as an absorbent for heavy metals(lead/Pb and copper/Cu)through thermal activation.The synthesis of AC was accomplished through furnace activation at temperatures of 500℃,600℃,700℃,and 800℃.Acid chlorides were blended with the SPB-AC samples at 5%impregnation level and subsequently subjected to washing for activation,resulting in the elimination of volatile substances and ash content,which facilitates the development of a porous structure in the activated charcoal.The proximate analysis results indicated a reduction in weight and moisture content with an increase in activation temperature.The C-O,C=C,O-H stretching chains were not visible in the SPB-AC,indicating that the chains were broken after activation.The treatments at 600℃ and 700℃ exhibited superior thermal stability relative to the others.Moreover,there was a notable reduction in the signal strength of low-crystallinity amorphous carbon,indicating that the high-temperature treatment substantially altered the structural characteristics of the crystal.The SPB-AC produced at 700℃ exhibited a primarily microporous architecture,characterized by a maximal surface area,reduced total pore volume,and small particle size.In conclusion,elevating the activation temperature to 700℃ leads to notable improvement in the adsorption of Pb(91.61%)and Cu(95.19%)metals.展开更多
The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longip...The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longipes).The experiment involved categorising the dimensions of charcoal powder into three specific particle sizes:20-40 mesh,40-60 mesh,and particles that could pass through a 60-mesh screen.The charcoal powder will be combined with tapioca as a binding agent at three specific concentrations:11%,13%,and 15%.The research findings indicate that the samples underwent 60 mesh passes achieved the maximum briquette density,with an average value of 0.58 g/cm^(3).The highest attainable compressive strength sample value was 27.52 kgf/cm^(2),which was attained by employing 60 mesh size and 15%adhesive concentration.The calorimetric investigation showed that SPB-charcoal had the highest calorific value of 25.88 MJ/kg,while the SPB-CB had a little lower caloric value of 24.64 MJ/kg.The ash content and volatile matter values showed that the briquettes with the lowest ash content had values of 10.49%and 32.65%,respectively.Furthermore,the carbon fixation values varied between 16.65%and 52.36%.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that charcoal derived from SPB exhibits superior thermal characteristics compared to charcoal briquettes.However,thermal properties of SPB charcoal do not show significant differences when compared to charcoal briquettes that have been processed with a mesh size of 20-40 and include 11%adhesive.According to this research,it may be inferred that charcoal briquettes made from sugar palm bunches meet the requirements specified in SNI 01-6235-2000.展开更多
基金the Government Collaboration Research Scheme of the TALENTA Grant of Universitas Sumatera Utara,No.41/UN5.2.3.1/PPM/KP-TALENTA/R/2023,29 August 2023.
文摘Activated charcoals were synthesized from sugar palm bunches(SPB)of the native tree of Arenga longipes in Indonesia.The synthesized activated charcoal(AC)was characterized,and utilized as an absorbent for heavy metals(lead/Pb and copper/Cu)through thermal activation.The synthesis of AC was accomplished through furnace activation at temperatures of 500℃,600℃,700℃,and 800℃.Acid chlorides were blended with the SPB-AC samples at 5%impregnation level and subsequently subjected to washing for activation,resulting in the elimination of volatile substances and ash content,which facilitates the development of a porous structure in the activated charcoal.The proximate analysis results indicated a reduction in weight and moisture content with an increase in activation temperature.The C-O,C=C,O-H stretching chains were not visible in the SPB-AC,indicating that the chains were broken after activation.The treatments at 600℃ and 700℃ exhibited superior thermal stability relative to the others.Moreover,there was a notable reduction in the signal strength of low-crystallinity amorphous carbon,indicating that the high-temperature treatment substantially altered the structural characteristics of the crystal.The SPB-AC produced at 700℃ exhibited a primarily microporous architecture,characterized by a maximal surface area,reduced total pore volume,and small particle size.In conclusion,elevating the activation temperature to 700℃ leads to notable improvement in the adsorption of Pb(91.61%)and Cu(95.19%)metals.
基金funded by the Regular Fundamental Research Grant of the Directorate of Research,Technology,and Community Service,Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology,Republic of Indonesia No.093/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024Research Institution of Universitas Sumatera Utara No.1/UN5.4.10S/PPM/KPDRTPM/2024supported by the project“Development,Exploitation Properties and Application of Eco-Friendly Wood-Based Composites from Alternative Lignocellulosic Raw Materials”,Project No.HN C--1290/19.10.2023,carried out at the University of Forestry,Sofia,Bulgaria.
文摘The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longipes).The experiment involved categorising the dimensions of charcoal powder into three specific particle sizes:20-40 mesh,40-60 mesh,and particles that could pass through a 60-mesh screen.The charcoal powder will be combined with tapioca as a binding agent at three specific concentrations:11%,13%,and 15%.The research findings indicate that the samples underwent 60 mesh passes achieved the maximum briquette density,with an average value of 0.58 g/cm^(3).The highest attainable compressive strength sample value was 27.52 kgf/cm^(2),which was attained by employing 60 mesh size and 15%adhesive concentration.The calorimetric investigation showed that SPB-charcoal had the highest calorific value of 25.88 MJ/kg,while the SPB-CB had a little lower caloric value of 24.64 MJ/kg.The ash content and volatile matter values showed that the briquettes with the lowest ash content had values of 10.49%and 32.65%,respectively.Furthermore,the carbon fixation values varied between 16.65%and 52.36%.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that charcoal derived from SPB exhibits superior thermal characteristics compared to charcoal briquettes.However,thermal properties of SPB charcoal do not show significant differences when compared to charcoal briquettes that have been processed with a mesh size of 20-40 and include 11%adhesive.According to this research,it may be inferred that charcoal briquettes made from sugar palm bunches meet the requirements specified in SNI 01-6235-2000.
