Tai-Chi(TC)is a broadly used exercise that appeared to decrease the risk of falls.However,biomechanical mechanisms underlying the reduced fall risks following TC exercise remain unclear and hinder the ability to optim...Tai-Chi(TC)is a broadly used exercise that appeared to decrease the risk of falls.However,biomechanical mechanisms underlying the reduced fall risks following TC exercise remain unclear and hinder the ability to optimize TC intervention to target specific balance deficit disorders.In addition,combining TC gait exercise with ground support perturbation may be a viable approach to further challenge balance control compared to TC gait alone.The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic stability and limb support force production during comfortable walking speed(CWS),TC gait,and TC gait with medial(MED)and lateral(LAT)ground support perturbations in older and younger adults.Ten older adults and ten younger adults performed CWS,TC gait,LAT,and MED.Conditions involving TC gait showed decreased margin of stability(MoS)(main effect of condition,p<0.01)and increased vertical force impulse compared to CWS(p<0.01).Medial ground support perturbation induced the smallest MoS among all conditions.Older adults showed increased MoS compared to younger adults(p<0.01).These findings provided insight into how key balance control characteristics are modulated during TC exercise and indicate that combining ground support perturbation with TC may further challenge dynamic stability.展开更多
Progress is being made on human Lunar and Martian missions by space agencies and private organisations around the world,with the aims of establishing reliable long-duration architectures.Complementing this,research is...Progress is being made on human Lunar and Martian missions by space agencies and private organisations around the world,with the aims of establishing reliable long-duration architectures.Complementing this,research is being carried out under controlled and isolated conditions within simulated space habitats,to gain insights into the effects of such conditions on the research subjects and their impacts on crews’wellbeing and success.This paper provides an overview of the experiments conducted during two separate 15-day missions—one Martian and one Lunar—conducted in the LunAres Research Base in Piła,Poland,in 2018.Some activities were common between the two crews;others were only carried out by one.Using the same methodology,both collected cognitive function,environmental,physiological,and inventory data,resulting in a larger dataset allowing comparisons between the two missions in terms of varying human factors.Experiments conducted by the Lunar crew included the following:effects of consuming lyophilised food on oral health and saliva production,influence of isolation on hearing capability,feelings on security in the isolated habitat,and research into earthworm growth in different soil compositions.The Mars mission analysed physical performances of the crew and compared them to performances realised during similar activities in Mars Research Desert Station missions and the impact of confinement on their efficiency performing a remote operation of a rover.For each piece of research,an overview of the background,methodology,results,and conclusions is given,referencing the resulting papers.In addition,nonresearch activities are included for completeness and context.展开更多
基金College of Education Small Grant Award at the University of Texas at Austin.
文摘Tai-Chi(TC)is a broadly used exercise that appeared to decrease the risk of falls.However,biomechanical mechanisms underlying the reduced fall risks following TC exercise remain unclear and hinder the ability to optimize TC intervention to target specific balance deficit disorders.In addition,combining TC gait exercise with ground support perturbation may be a viable approach to further challenge balance control compared to TC gait alone.The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic stability and limb support force production during comfortable walking speed(CWS),TC gait,and TC gait with medial(MED)and lateral(LAT)ground support perturbations in older and younger adults.Ten older adults and ten younger adults performed CWS,TC gait,LAT,and MED.Conditions involving TC gait showed decreased margin of stability(MoS)(main effect of condition,p<0.01)and increased vertical force impulse compared to CWS(p<0.01).Medial ground support perturbation induced the smallest MoS among all conditions.Older adults showed increased MoS compared to younger adults(p<0.01).These findings provided insight into how key balance control characteristics are modulated during TC exercise and indicate that combining ground support perturbation with TC may further challenge dynamic stability.
文摘Progress is being made on human Lunar and Martian missions by space agencies and private organisations around the world,with the aims of establishing reliable long-duration architectures.Complementing this,research is being carried out under controlled and isolated conditions within simulated space habitats,to gain insights into the effects of such conditions on the research subjects and their impacts on crews’wellbeing and success.This paper provides an overview of the experiments conducted during two separate 15-day missions—one Martian and one Lunar—conducted in the LunAres Research Base in Piła,Poland,in 2018.Some activities were common between the two crews;others were only carried out by one.Using the same methodology,both collected cognitive function,environmental,physiological,and inventory data,resulting in a larger dataset allowing comparisons between the two missions in terms of varying human factors.Experiments conducted by the Lunar crew included the following:effects of consuming lyophilised food on oral health and saliva production,influence of isolation on hearing capability,feelings on security in the isolated habitat,and research into earthworm growth in different soil compositions.The Mars mission analysed physical performances of the crew and compared them to performances realised during similar activities in Mars Research Desert Station missions and the impact of confinement on their efficiency performing a remote operation of a rover.For each piece of research,an overview of the background,methodology,results,and conclusions is given,referencing the resulting papers.In addition,nonresearch activities are included for completeness and context.
