Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a sim...Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)is a transmembrane protein that is differentially expressed in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Endothelial dy-sfunction is a hallmark of GDM and plays a key role in ...BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)is a transmembrane protein that is differentially expressed in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Endothelial dy-sfunction is a hallmark of GDM and plays a key role in its pathogenesis.EGFR is associated with endothelial dysfunction in the context of various diseases.How-ever,the exact mechanism by which EGFR causes endothelial dysfunction in GDM is unknown,particularly its regulation at the transcriptional and protein levels.METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the ex-pression of EGFR and H19.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of endothelial cell dysfunction markers.A cell counting kit 8 assay was used to assess cell viability,flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis,scratch and Transwell assays were used to assess cell migration,and a tube formation assay was used to assess cell vascular formation.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe histopathological changes in the placentas of the mice.RESULTS In this study,EGFR was upregulated in clinical samples,GDM animal models and GDM cell models,and the knockdown of EGFR could mitigate the effect of streptozotocin(STZ)and high glucose(HG);promoted the proliferation,migration and vascularization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs);inhibited cell apoptosis and the expression of endothelial cell dysfunction markers(vascular cell adhesion molecule-1,tumor necrosis factor-α,vascular endothelial growth factor-A,and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1);and alleviated the process of GDM in vivo.Mechanistically,EIF4A3 binding to long noncoding RNA H19 increased the stability of EGFR messenger RNA,thereby promoting HG-induced HUVECs dysfunction or STZ-induced endothelial cell dysfunction in GDM mice.In addition,ERRFI1 also regulated the expression of EGFR,and ERRFI1 inhibited EGFR activity by binding to EGFR,thereby inhibiting HG-induced HUVECs dysfunction.CONCLUSION Our study revealed that EGFR can accelerate the development of GDM by promoting endothelial cell dysfunction.展开更多
Crops produced using the practice of continuous cropping can become seriously damaged by plant-parasitic nematodes,an important indicator of continuous cropping obstacles.As a typical and important perennial economic ...Crops produced using the practice of continuous cropping can become seriously damaged by plant-parasitic nematodes,an important indicator of continuous cropping obstacles.As a typical and important perennial economic crop,dragon fruit is prone to serious plant-parasitic nematode infestation;however,whether it encounters continuous cropping obstacles remains unclear.Here,we studied plant-parasitic nematodes(Meloidogyne spp.and Tylenchorhynchus sp.)in the soil and roots,soil nematode communities,metabolic footprint,soil integrated fertility,and the yield of intensively planted dragon fruit under non-continuous cropping(Y1)and 3 years(Y3)and 5 years(Y5)of continuous cropping,to determine potential continuous-cropping obstacles and factors that affect the yield of this fruit.The largest numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil and roots were observed in Y5;the associated yield was reduced,and the dragon fruit was severely stressed.Further analysis of the composition,diversity,and ecological function indices of soil nematodes showed that the soil ecological environment deteriorated after 3 years of continuous cropping,with Y5 having the worst results.Similarly,the soil at Y5 had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans.Mantel test analysis and a random forest model showed that soil available phosphorus,soil exchange calcium,and soil nematode abundance and diversity were related significantly to yield.Partial least squares path modeling revealed that soil fertility and soil nematode diversity directly impacts the yield of continuously cropped dragon fruit.In summary,continuous cropping obstacles occurred in Y5 of intensive dragon fruit cultivation,with soil nematode diversity and soil fertility determining the crop's yield.展开更多
In recent decades,large ensemble simulation(LENS)or super-large ensemble simulation(SLENS)experiments with climate models,including the simulation of both the historical and future climate,have been increasingly explo...In recent decades,large ensemble simulation(LENS)or super-large ensemble simulation(SLENS)experiments with climate models,including the simulation of both the historical and future climate,have been increasingly exploited in the fields of climate change,climate variability,climate projection,and beyond.This paper provides an overview of LENS in climate systems.It delves into its definition,initialization,significance,and scientific concerns.Additionally,its development history and relevant theories,methods,and primary fields of application are also reviewed.Conclusions obtained from single-model LENS can be more robust compared with those from ensemble simulations with smaller numbers of members.The interactions among model biases,forced responses,and internal variabilities,which serve as the added value in LENS,are highlighted.Finally,we put forward the future trajectory of LENS with climate or Earth system models(ESMs).Super-large ensemble simulation,high-resolution LENS,LENS employing ESMs,and combining LENS with artificial intelligence,will greatly promote the study of climate and related applications.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying primary bud necrosis(PBN)in grapevines.PBN is a physiological disorder that significantly reduces grape yields.The four varieties,‘Shine Muscat’,‘Summer Blac...This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying primary bud necrosis(PBN)in grapevines.PBN is a physiological disorder that significantly reduces grape yields.The four varieties,‘Shine Muscat’,‘Summer Black’,‘Ruby Seedless’,and‘Hutai 8’,were investigated and found to exhibit differences in PBN,which was positively correlated with the speed and extent of inflorescence differentiation.Among them,‘Summer Black’was most susceptible to PBN.Treatment with gibberellin acid 3(GA_(3))notably accelerated and exacerbated PBN in‘Summer Black’,whereas the endogenous gibberellin(GA)inhibitor chlorocholine chloride(CCC)delayed or prevented PBN onset.Histological observations of dormant bud tissues revealed PBN progression in stages,starting with the expansion of cells in the necrosis zone(NZ),followed by cell wall irregularities and collapse,buckling cell layer formation,and subsequent cell separation.In the water control group,NZ mainly occurred in the bud scale layer.However,by the second week after GA_(3) treatment,primary buds visibly elongated,and NZ was formed at multiple locations along the primary buds.Transcriptomic analyses revealed significant regulation of stress-related genes,including reactive oxygen species(ROS)and heat-shock proteins(HSPs),following GA_(3) treatment.Genes related to jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis and signaling pathways were upregulated after week 2,whereas CCC treatment led to the downregulation of these genes.Furthermore,genes associated with cations such as calcium,iron,and copper showed significant changes across all transcriptome samples.Genes associated with the degradation of cell membranes and cell walls were upregulated in samples treated with GA_(3) and water control.Overall,these findings suggested that GA_(3) promoted PBN by enhancing JA synthesis and modulating the cell necrosis pathway via JA signaling.This process involved ROS accumulation and activation of cation pathways,leading to endomembrane and cell wall degradation,cell rupture,and,ultimately,PBN development.展开更多
Background:Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF),the predominant cyanotic congenital heart defect,arisesfrom multifactorial gene-envirorment interactions disrup ting cardiac developmental networks.This studyinvestiga ted TOF-speci...Background:Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF),the predominant cyanotic congenital heart defect,arisesfrom multifactorial gene-envirorment interactions disrup ting cardiac developmental networks.This studyinvestiga ted TOF-specific transcriptional alterations and identified high-confidence candidate genes.Methods:Based on GSE36761 transcriptome data,a weighted gene co-exp ression network analysis(WGCNA)andprotein-protein interaction(PPI)network were conducted to identify TOF-related sub-netrwork and Hub genes.The potentialbiological functions among these genes were revealed by enrichment analysis.Genetic,epigeneticand transcriptional alteration in the Fub genes were analyzed with leveraged public resources:a methylationdataset(CSE62629)and two single-cell datasets(EGAS00001003996 and GSE126128),Results:Eight Hub geneswere identified using the WGCNA network and PPl network,and functional errichment analysis revealedthatGJA1,RUNX2,FTK7,PRICKLE1,and SPRP1 were involved in the morphogenesis of an epithelium,anddysregulation of the signaling were also found in the other two TOF datasets,Furthermore,the study foundthat the promoters of GJA1,RUNX2,FTK7,and PRICKLE1 genes were hypermethylated and that GJA1 andSFRP1 are highly expressed in mouse second heart field cells and neural crest cells,and the la tter is expressedin human embry onic outflow tract cells.Since RUNX2 was not expressed in human and mouse embryonichearts,GJA1,FTK7,PRICKLE1,and SPRP1 were ultimately identified as TOF candidate genes.Conclusion:Based on the WGCNA network and various bioinformatics analysis approaches,we screened 4 TOF candidatepathogenic genes,and found that the signaling pathways related to the morphogenesis of an epithelium maybe involved in the pathogenesis of TOF.展开更多
Molecular high-order harmonic spectroscopy is a significant advancement in ultrafast science, enabling the measurement of multielectron dynamics with attosecond temporal resolution. The fine structures observed in the...Molecular high-order harmonic spectroscopy is a significant advancement in ultrafast science, enabling the measurement of multielectron dynamics with attosecond temporal resolution. The fine structures observed in the molecular harmonic spectrum provide crucial insights into the structural or multielectron dynamical effects induced by intense laser fields. In this study, we measure the high-order harmonic spectrum of aligned CO_(2) molecules contributed from short trajectories. Two distinct groups of minima are identified in the plateau region. Our findings indicate that the deeper-lying molecular orbitals and two-center interference play significant roles in molecular harmonic generation. The results pave the way for advancing the understanding of multielectron dynamics in polyatomic molecules under intense laser fields.展开更多
AIM： To compare and calculate the 3-year refractive results, higher-order aberrations （HOAs）, contrast sensitivity （CS） and dry eye parameters after small incision lenticule extraction （SMILE） and wavefront-gui...AIM： To compare and calculate the 3-year refractive results, higher-order aberrations （HOAs）, contrast sensitivity （CS） and dry eye parameters after small incision lenticule extraction （SMILE） and wavefront-guided femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis （FS-LASIK） for correction of high myopia and myopic astigmatism. METHODS： In this prospective, non-randomized comparative study, 78 eyes with spherical equivalent （SE） of -8.11±1.09 diopters （D） received a SMILE surgery, and 65 eyes with SE of -8.05±1.12 D received a wavefront-guided FS-LASIK surgery with the VisuMax femtosecond laser （Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany） for flap cutting. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, CS, HOAs, ocular surface disease index （OSDI） and tear break-up time （TBUT） were evaluated during a 3-year follow-up. RESULTS： The difference of uncorrected distance visual acuity （UDVA） postoperatively was achieved at lmo and at 3mo, whereas the difference of the mean UDVA between two groups at 3y were not statistically significant （t=-1.59, P=-0.13）. The postoperative change of SE was 0.89 D in the FS-LASIK group （t=5.76, P=0.00）, and 0.14 D in the SMILE group （t=-0.54, P=0.59） from lmo to 3y after surgery. At 3-year postoperatively, both HOAs and spherical aberrations in the SMILE group were obviously less than those in the FS-LASIK group （P=0.00）, but the coma root mean square （RMS） was higher in the SMILE group （0.59±0.26） than in the FS-LASIK group （0.29±0.14, P=0.00）. The mesopic CS values between two groups were not statistically significant at 3y postoperatively. Compared with the FS-LASIK group, lower OSDI scores and longer TBUT values were found in the SMILE group at Imo and 3mo postoperatively. With regard to safety, no eye lost any line of CDVA in both groups at 3y after surgery. CONCLUSION： Both SMILE and wavefront-guided FS- LASIK procedures provide good visual outcomes. Both procedures are effective and safe, but SMILE surgery achieve more stable long-term refractive outcome and better control of early postoperative dry eye as compared to FS-LASIK.展开更多
In this study, near fully dense(96.5%) pure tungsten bulks were additively manufactured and the cracking behavior was investigated. A crack network with a spacing of ～100 lm was observed in the fabricated bulks. It w...In this study, near fully dense(96.5%) pure tungsten bulks were additively manufactured and the cracking behavior was investigated. A crack network with a spacing of ～100 lm was observed in the fabricated bulks. It was observed that the laser scanning strategy, which could tailor the microstructure, affected the crack distribution pattern in fabricated tungsten.The calculated surface temperature difference(7300 K) was much higher than the cracking criterion(800 K) of tungsten,indicating that cracking is almost inevitable in laser additive manufacturing of tungsten. It could be concluded that crack network formed because the cracks emerged in every laser molten track and then interconnected in the layer-by-layer building process.展开更多
It is important to screen strains that can decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） completely and rapidly with good adaptability for bioremedlation in a local area. A bacterial strain JM2, which uses pbena...It is important to screen strains that can decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） completely and rapidly with good adaptability for bioremedlation in a local area. A bacterial strain JM2, which uses pbenanthrene as its sole carbon source, was isolated from the active sewage sludge from a chemical plant in Jilin, China and identified as Pseudomonas based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Although the optimal growth conditions were determined to be pH 6.0 and 37~C, JM2 showed a broad pH and temperature profile. At pH 4.5 and 9.3, JM2 could degrade more than 40% of fluorene and phenanthrene （50 mg/L each） within 4 days. In addition, when the temperature was as low as 4~C, JM2 could degrade up to 24% fluorene and 12% phenanthrene. This showed the potential for JM2 to be applied in bioremediation over winter or in cold regions. Moreover, a nutrient augmentation study showed that adding formate into media could promote PAH degradation, while the supplement of salicylate had an inhibitive effect. Furthermore, in a metabolic pathway study, salicylate, phthalic acid, and 9-fluorenone were detected during the degradation of fluorene or phenanthrene. In conclusion, Pseudomonas sp. JM2 is a high performance strain in the degradation of fluorene and phenanthrene under extreme pH and temperature conditions. It might be useful in the bioremediation of PAHs.展开更多
Carnosine is a dipeptide that scavenges free radicals, inhibits infammation in the central nervous system, and protects against ischemic and hypoxic brain damage through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic actions. ...Carnosine is a dipeptide that scavenges free radicals, inhibits infammation in the central nervous system, and protects against ischemic and hypoxic brain damage through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic actions. Therefore, we hypothesized that carnosine would also protect against white matter damage caused by subcortical ischemic injury. White matter damage was induced by right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mice. The animals were treated with 200, 500 or 750 mg/kg carnosine by intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes before injury and every other day after injury. Then, 37 days later, Klfiver-Barrera staining, toluidine blue staining and immunofluorescence stain- ing were performed. Carnosine （200, 500 mg/kg） substantially reduced damage to the white matter in the corpus callosum, internal capsule and optic tract, and it rescued expression of myelin basic protein, and alleviated the loss of oligodendrocytes. However, carnosine at the higher dose of 750 mg/kg did not have the same effects as the 200 and 500 mg/kg doses. These findings show that carnosine, at a particular dose range, protects against white matter damage caused by chronic cerebral ischemia in mice, likely by reducing oligodendroglial cell loss.展开更多
China has the world’s highest nitrogen(N)application rate,and the lowest N use efficiency(NUE).With the crop yield increasing,serious N pollution is also caused.An in-situ field experiment(2011–2015)was conducted to...China has the world’s highest nitrogen(N)application rate,and the lowest N use efficiency(NUE).With the crop yield increasing,serious N pollution is also caused.An in-situ field experiment(2011–2015)was conducted to examine the effects of three N levels,0(i.e.,no fertilizer N addition to soil),120,and 180 kg N ha-1,using integrated rice management(IRM).We investigated rice yield,aboveground N uptake,and soil surface N budget in a hilly region of Southwest China.Compared to traditional rice management(TRM),IRM integrated raised beds,plastic mulch,furrow irrigation,and triangular transplanting,which significantly improved rice grain yield,straw biomass,aboveground N uptake,and NUE.Integrated rice management significantly improved 15N recovery efficiency(by 10%)and significantly reduced the ratio of potential15N loss(by 8%–12%).Among all treatments,the 120 kg N ha-1 level under IRM achieved the highest 15N recovery efficiency(32%)and 15N residual efficiency(29%),with the lowest 15N loss ratio(39%).After rice harvest,the residual N fertilizer did not achieve a full replenishment of soil N consumption,as the replenishing effect was insufficient(ranging from-31 to-49 kg N ha-1).Furthermore,soil surface N budget showed a surplus(69–146 kg N ha-1)under all treatments,and the N surplus was lower under IRM than TRM.These results indicate IRM as a reliable and stable method for high rice yield and high NUE,while exerting a minor risk of N loss.In the hilly area of Southwest China,the optimized N fertilizer application rate under IRM was found to be 100–150 kg N ha-1.展开更多
AIM: To complete the data of ocular trauma in central China, as a well-known tertiary referral center for ocular trauma, we documented the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of patients hospitalized f...AIM: To complete the data of ocular trauma in central China, as a well-known tertiary referral center for ocular trauma, we documented the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in this region.METHODS: A retrospective study of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China from 2006 to 2011 was performed.· RESULTS: This study included 5964 eyes of 5799 patients. The average age was 35.5 ±21.8y with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. The most common age was 45-59 y age group. Most patients were farmers and workers(51.9%). The most common injuries were firework related(24.5%), road traffic related(24.2%), and work related(15.0%). Among the most common causative agents were firecrackers(24.5%), followed by metal/knife/scissors(21.4%). Most injuries occurred in January(14.2%),February(27.0%), and August(10.0%). There were 8.5%patients with ocular injuries combined with other injuries.The incidence of open ocular injuries(4585 eyes, 76.9%)was higher than closed ocular injuries(939 eyes, 15.7%).The incidences of chemical and thermal ocular injuries were 1.2% and 0.6%. Ocular trauma score(OTS)predicted final visual acuity at non light perception(NLP), 20/200-20/50 and 20/40 with a sensitivity of 100%,and light perception(LP) /hand motion(HM) and 1/200-19/200 with a specificity of 100%.· CONCLUSION: This study provides recent epidemiological data of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China. Some factors influencing the visual outcome include time interval between injury and visit to the clinic, wound location, open or closed globe injury, initial visual acuity, and OTS.展开更多
The China seas and adjacent areas contain numerous petroleum basins.One of the main challenges for future oil and gas exploration is to identify the inherent patterns of petroleum basin distribution.The formation and ...The China seas and adjacent areas contain numerous petroleum basins.One of the main challenges for future oil and gas exploration is to identify the inherent patterns of petroleum basin distribution.The formation and evolution of petroleum basins along with the migration and accumulation of oil and gas are often closely related to the tectonic environment.The gravity and magnetic fields with high lateral resolution and wide coverage provide important data for regional tectonic research.Based on the gravity data in the Global Satellite Gravity Anomaly Database(V31.1)and magnetic data from the Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid(2-arc-minute resolution)(V2),this study uses integrated gravity and magnetic field technique to obtain integrated gravity and magnetic field result for the China seas and adjacent areas,and then adopts the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative technique to conduct partition.Finally,it identifies the relationship between the partition characteristics and tectonics as well as the patterns of petroleum basin occurrence.The research shows that the partition of gravity and magnetic field integrated result has a good correlation with the Neo-Cathaysian tectonic system and tectonic units.The petroleum basins are characterized according to three blocks arranged from north to south and four zones arranged from east to west.The north-south block structure causes the uneven distribution of oil and gas resources in the mainland area and the differences in the hydrocarbon-bearing strata.Petroleum basins are more abundant in the north than in the south.The ages of the main oil-and gas-bearing strata are“Paleozoic–Mesozoic,Paleozoic–Mesozoic–Cenozoic,and Paleozoic–Mesozoic”,in order from north to south.The difference in the overall type of oil and gas resources in all basins is controlled by the east–west zonation.From east to west,the oil and gas resource type exhibits a wave-like pattern of“oil and gas,gas,oil and gas,gas”.The vertical distribution is characterized by an upper oil(Mesozoic–Cenozoic)and lower gas(Mesozoic–Paleozoic)structure.Within the study area,the Paleozoic marine strata should be the main strata of future natural gas exploration.展开更多
Chilling has a critical role in the growth and development of perennial plants.The chilling requirement(CR)for dormancy breaking largely depends on the species.However,global warming is expected to negatively affect c...Chilling has a critical role in the growth and development of perennial plants.The chilling requirement(CR)for dormancy breaking largely depends on the species.However,global warming is expected to negatively affect chilling accumulation and dormancy release in a wide range of perennial plants.Here,we used Chimonanthus praecox as a model to investigate the CR for dormancy breaking under natural and artificial conditions.We determined the minimum CR(570 chill units,CU)needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and analyzed the transcriptomes and proteomes of flowering and non-flowering flower buds(FBs,anther and ovary differentiation completed)with different CRs.The concentrations of ABA and GA3 in the FBs were also determined using HPLC.The results indicate that chilling induced an upregulation of ABA levels and significant downregulation of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)and FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)homologs at the transcript level in FBs when the accumulated CR reached 570 CU(IB570)compared to FBs in November(FB.Nov,CK)and nF16(non-flowering FBs after treatment at 16℃for−300 CU),which suggested that dormancy breaking of FBs could be regulated by the ABA-mediated SVP-FT module.Overexpression in Arabidopsis was used to confirm the function of candidate genes,and early flowering was induced in 35S::CpFT1 transgenic lines.Our data provide insight into the minimum CR(570 CU)needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and its underlying regulatory mechanism in C.praecox,which provides a new tool for the artificial regulation of flowering time and a rich gene resource for controlling chilling-induced blooming.展开更多
Gefitinib is used as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）.Unfortunately,most NSCLC patients inevitably develop gefitinib resistance during treatment.In addition to EGFR mutation stat...Gefitinib is used as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）.Unfortunately,most NSCLC patients inevitably develop gefitinib resistance during treatment.In addition to EGFR mutation status,the mechanisms involved are largely unknown.In this study,we showed that mi R-124,a tumor suppressor,was significantly down-regulated in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC patients and cell lines compared with gefitinib-sensitive patients and cell lines.In addition,the mi R-124 depletion induced gefitinib resistance,and mi R-124 overexpression sensitized gefitinib-resistant cells to gefitinib.Mechanistic analysis revealed that mi R-124 decreased SNAI2 and STAT3 expression by directly targeting their 3＇UTRs and that knocking down SNAI2 or STAT3 partly reversed the gefitinib resistance induced by mi R-124 depletion.Our data demonstrate that the mi R-124 plays a new critical role in acquired resistance to gefitinib and that the manipulation of mi R-124 might provide a therapeutic strategy for reversing acquired gefitinib resistance.展开更多
Reclaimed soils in mining area usually display low fertility and present Cd stress.The amendment of modified biochar effectively fixes Cd in soils,enhances soil fertility,and reduces Cd stress in soil microorganisms.H...Reclaimed soils in mining area usually display low fertility and present Cd stress.The amendment of modified biochar effectively fixes Cd in soils,enhances soil fertility,and reduces Cd stress in soil microorganisms.However,the effect of thiourea-modified biochar(TBC)on microbial adaptability to Cd stress in mining reclamation soils is still unclear.The present work studied the Cd immobilization and microbial community changes in a mining reclamation soil displaying extreme Cd contamination under TBC amendment.The results indicated that the amendment of TBC significantly enhanced(P<0.05)soil pH,the content of available phosphorus(AP),and the activities of urease and polyphenol oxidase by 1.3%,463.4%,54.4%,and 84.0%,respectively,compared to the control without amendment.The amount of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure-extracable Cd decreased(P<0.05)by 68.0%in the TBC-amended soil compared with the unamended soil.The structure of soil microbiota was reorganized and the alpha diversity index was increased in the TBC treatment.The TBC amendment increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota,and Zoopagomycota,which were strongly associated(P<0.01)with higher soil pH and AP.Structural equation model results demonstrated that Cd immobilization was directly influenced by soil pH,AP,and urease,and indirectly affected by bacterial structure in the TBC treatment.The TBC amendment can effectively improve the structural composition of soil bacteria under Cd stress and enhance the pathways of decreasing soil Cd availability as well.The results might facilitate the development of in-situ remediation programs in Cd-contaminated soils in the future.展开更多
The deterioration in fruit quality of commercial tomatoes is a major concern of modern tomato breeding.However,the metabolism and genetics of fruit quality are poorly understood.Here,we performed transgenic and molecu...The deterioration in fruit quality of commercial tomatoes is a major concern of modern tomato breeding.However,the metabolism and genetics of fruit quality are poorly understood.Here,we performed transgenic and molecular biology experiments to reveal that tomato phytoene synthase 1(SlPSY1)is responsible for the accumulation of an important flavor chemical,6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one(MHO).To dissect the function of SlPSY1 in regulating fruit quality,we generated and analyzed a dataset encompassing over 2000 compounds detected by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS along with transcriptomic data.The combined results illustrated that SlPSY1 deficiency imparts novel flavor to yellow tomatoes with 236 volatiles significantly changed and improves fruit firmness,possibly due to accumulation of seven cutins.Further analysis indicated SlPSY1 is essential for carotenoid-derived metabolite biosynthesis by catalyzing prephytoene-PP(PPPP)to 15-cis-phytoene.Notably,we showed that SlPSY1 can influence the metabolic flux between carotenoid and flavonoid pathways,and this metabolic flux was confirmed by silencing SlCHS1.Our study provided insights into the multiple effects of SlPSY1 on tomato fruit metabolome and highlights the potential to produce high-quality fruit by rational design of SlPSY1 expression.展开更多
With the development of modern technology and economy,environmental protection and sustainable development have become the focus of global attention.The promotion and development of electric vehicles(EVs)have bright p...With the development of modern technology and economy,environmental protection and sustainable development have become the focus of global attention.The promotion and development of electric vehicles(EVs)have bright prospects.However,many challenges need to be faced seriously.Under diferent operating conditions,various safety problems of electric vehicles emerge one after another,especially the hidden danger of battery overheating which threatens the performance of electric vehicles.This paper aims to design and optimize a new indirect liquid cooling system for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries.Various design schemes for diferent cooling channel structures and cooling liquid inlet directions are proposed,and the corresponding solid-fuid coupling model is established.COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software is adopted to simulate and analyze the cooling systems.An approximate model is constructed using the Kriging method,which is considered to optimize the battery cooling system and improve the optimization results.Sensitivity parameter analysis and the optimization design of system structure are performed through a set of infuencing factors in the battery thermal management.The results indicate that the method used in this paper can efectively reduce the maximum core temperature and balance the temperature diferences of the battery pack.Compared with the original design,the optimized design,which is based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II),has an excellent ability in the optimized thermal management system to dissipate thermal energy and keep the overall cooling uniformity of the battery and thermal management system.Furthermore,the optimized system can also prevent thermal runaway propagation under thermal abuse conditions.In summary,this research can provide some practical suggestions and ideas for the engineering and production applications and structural optimization design carried by electric vehicles.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2 D) materials are promising candidates for advanced water purification membranes.In this work, UV reduced GO(Ur GO) membranes on the support of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) had been fabricated for wa...Two-dimensional(2 D) materials are promising candidates for advanced water purification membranes.In this work, UV reduced GO(Ur GO) membranes on the support of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) had been fabricated for wastewater treatment. The reduction degree of GO membrane on the effect of water purification performance was investigated, and it was found that the weak-reduction GO membrane exhibited the optimal performance of removing pollutant from wastewater than GO membrane. Besides,scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectra and contact angle tests were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the Ur GO membranes, and the permeance and rejection ability of the as-prepared filtration membranes were determined. Due to the weak-reduction of GO, pristine graphitic sp2 domains increased with slightly decreasing D-spacing. Thus,the Ur GO membrane showed a higher water flux of 38.27 L m-2h-1 bar-1, which was improved more than 270% compared to GO membrane, and dyes rejection increased. Those outstanding performances indicated that the Ur GO membrane could effectively regulate the contradiction of the trade-off balance between flux and rejection, and hold great potential in real-world waste-water purification.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22108258 and 52003251)Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(24HASTIT004)+1 种基金Outstanding Youth Fund of Henan Scientific Committee(222300420085)Science and Technology Joint Project of Henan Province(222301420041)。
文摘Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.
基金Supported by the Youth Talent Program of Yunnan“Ten-thousand Talents Program”,No.YNWR-QNBJ-2018-169the Science Project of Yunnan Science and Technology Department,No.202201AY070001-068.
文摘BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)is a transmembrane protein that is differentially expressed in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Endothelial dy-sfunction is a hallmark of GDM and plays a key role in its pathogenesis.EGFR is associated with endothelial dysfunction in the context of various diseases.How-ever,the exact mechanism by which EGFR causes endothelial dysfunction in GDM is unknown,particularly its regulation at the transcriptional and protein levels.METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the ex-pression of EGFR and H19.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of endothelial cell dysfunction markers.A cell counting kit 8 assay was used to assess cell viability,flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis,scratch and Transwell assays were used to assess cell migration,and a tube formation assay was used to assess cell vascular formation.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe histopathological changes in the placentas of the mice.RESULTS In this study,EGFR was upregulated in clinical samples,GDM animal models and GDM cell models,and the knockdown of EGFR could mitigate the effect of streptozotocin(STZ)and high glucose(HG);promoted the proliferation,migration and vascularization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs);inhibited cell apoptosis and the expression of endothelial cell dysfunction markers(vascular cell adhesion molecule-1,tumor necrosis factor-α,vascular endothelial growth factor-A,and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1);and alleviated the process of GDM in vivo.Mechanistically,EIF4A3 binding to long noncoding RNA H19 increased the stability of EGFR messenger RNA,thereby promoting HG-induced HUVECs dysfunction or STZ-induced endothelial cell dysfunction in GDM mice.In addition,ERRFI1 also regulated the expression of EGFR,and ERRFI1 inhibited EGFR activity by binding to EGFR,thereby inhibiting HG-induced HUVECs dysfunction.CONCLUSION Our study revealed that EGFR can accelerate the development of GDM by promoting endothelial cell dysfunction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1700203and 2022YFD1901501)the Tianchi Talent Introduction Program of Xinjiang Autonomous Region,China(2023-“2+5”)the Tingzhou Talent Introduction Program of Changji Autonomous Region,China(2023)。
文摘Crops produced using the practice of continuous cropping can become seriously damaged by plant-parasitic nematodes,an important indicator of continuous cropping obstacles.As a typical and important perennial economic crop,dragon fruit is prone to serious plant-parasitic nematode infestation;however,whether it encounters continuous cropping obstacles remains unclear.Here,we studied plant-parasitic nematodes(Meloidogyne spp.and Tylenchorhynchus sp.)in the soil and roots,soil nematode communities,metabolic footprint,soil integrated fertility,and the yield of intensively planted dragon fruit under non-continuous cropping(Y1)and 3 years(Y3)and 5 years(Y5)of continuous cropping,to determine potential continuous-cropping obstacles and factors that affect the yield of this fruit.The largest numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil and roots were observed in Y5;the associated yield was reduced,and the dragon fruit was severely stressed.Further analysis of the composition,diversity,and ecological function indices of soil nematodes showed that the soil ecological environment deteriorated after 3 years of continuous cropping,with Y5 having the worst results.Similarly,the soil at Y5 had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans.Mantel test analysis and a random forest model showed that soil available phosphorus,soil exchange calcium,and soil nematode abundance and diversity were related significantly to yield.Partial least squares path modeling revealed that soil fertility and soil nematode diversity directly impacts the yield of continuously cropped dragon fruit.In summary,continuous cropping obstacles occurred in Y5 of intensive dragon fruit cultivation,with soil nematode diversity and soil fertility determining the crop's yield.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2342228)the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences(Grant No.2020YFA0608902)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92358302,and 42242018)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0500303).
文摘In recent decades,large ensemble simulation(LENS)or super-large ensemble simulation(SLENS)experiments with climate models,including the simulation of both the historical and future climate,have been increasingly exploited in the fields of climate change,climate variability,climate projection,and beyond.This paper provides an overview of LENS in climate systems.It delves into its definition,initialization,significance,and scientific concerns.Additionally,its development history and relevant theories,methods,and primary fields of application are also reviewed.Conclusions obtained from single-model LENS can be more robust compared with those from ensemble simulations with smaller numbers of members.The interactions among model biases,forced responses,and internal variabilities,which serve as the added value in LENS,are highlighted.Finally,we put forward the future trajectory of LENS with climate or Earth system models(ESMs).Super-large ensemble simulation,high-resolution LENS,LENS employing ESMs,and combining LENS with artificial intelligence,will greatly promote the study of climate and related applications.
基金supported by National Technology System for Grape Industry(Grant No.CARS-29-zp-9)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD1200200)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2023JJ50063).
文摘This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying primary bud necrosis(PBN)in grapevines.PBN is a physiological disorder that significantly reduces grape yields.The four varieties,‘Shine Muscat’,‘Summer Black’,‘Ruby Seedless’,and‘Hutai 8’,were investigated and found to exhibit differences in PBN,which was positively correlated with the speed and extent of inflorescence differentiation.Among them,‘Summer Black’was most susceptible to PBN.Treatment with gibberellin acid 3(GA_(3))notably accelerated and exacerbated PBN in‘Summer Black’,whereas the endogenous gibberellin(GA)inhibitor chlorocholine chloride(CCC)delayed or prevented PBN onset.Histological observations of dormant bud tissues revealed PBN progression in stages,starting with the expansion of cells in the necrosis zone(NZ),followed by cell wall irregularities and collapse,buckling cell layer formation,and subsequent cell separation.In the water control group,NZ mainly occurred in the bud scale layer.However,by the second week after GA_(3) treatment,primary buds visibly elongated,and NZ was formed at multiple locations along the primary buds.Transcriptomic analyses revealed significant regulation of stress-related genes,including reactive oxygen species(ROS)and heat-shock proteins(HSPs),following GA_(3) treatment.Genes related to jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis and signaling pathways were upregulated after week 2,whereas CCC treatment led to the downregulation of these genes.Furthermore,genes associated with cations such as calcium,iron,and copper showed significant changes across all transcriptome samples.Genes associated with the degradation of cell membranes and cell walls were upregulated in samples treated with GA_(3) and water control.Overall,these findings suggested that GA_(3) promoted PBN by enhancing JA synthesis and modulating the cell necrosis pathway via JA signaling.This process involved ROS accumulation and activation of cation pathways,leading to endomembrane and cell wall degradation,cell rupture,and,ultimately,PBN development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Found ation of China(No.8230045i for Zhen Wang,82302230 for jiawei Shi,82202194 for Jing Wang and 82171961 for Haiyan Cao).
文摘Background:Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF),the predominant cyanotic congenital heart defect,arisesfrom multifactorial gene-envirorment interactions disrup ting cardiac developmental networks.This studyinvestiga ted TOF-specific transcriptional alterations and identified high-confidence candidate genes.Methods:Based on GSE36761 transcriptome data,a weighted gene co-exp ression network analysis(WGCNA)andprotein-protein interaction(PPI)network were conducted to identify TOF-related sub-netrwork and Hub genes.The potentialbiological functions among these genes were revealed by enrichment analysis.Genetic,epigeneticand transcriptional alteration in the Fub genes were analyzed with leveraged public resources:a methylationdataset(CSE62629)and two single-cell datasets(EGAS00001003996 and GSE126128),Results:Eight Hub geneswere identified using the WGCNA network and PPl network,and functional errichment analysis revealedthatGJA1,RUNX2,FTK7,PRICKLE1,and SPRP1 were involved in the morphogenesis of an epithelium,anddysregulation of the signaling were also found in the other two TOF datasets,Furthermore,the study foundthat the promoters of GJA1,RUNX2,FTK7,and PRICKLE1 genes were hypermethylated and that GJA1 andSFRP1 are highly expressed in mouse second heart field cells and neural crest cells,and the la tter is expressedin human embry onic outflow tract cells.Since RUNX2 was not expressed in human and mouse embryonichearts,GJA1,FTK7,PRICKLE1,and SPRP1 were ultimately identified as TOF candidate genes.Conclusion:Based on the WGCNA network and various bioinformatics analysis approaches,we screened 4 TOF candidatepathogenic genes,and found that the signaling pathways related to the morphogenesis of an epithelium maybe involved in the pathogenesis of TOF.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 92250306 and 12304302)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, China (Grant Nos. YDZJ202101ZYTS157 and YDZJ202201ZYTS314)the Scientific Research Foundation of Jilin Province Education Department, China (Grant No. JJKH20230283KJ)。
文摘Molecular high-order harmonic spectroscopy is a significant advancement in ultrafast science, enabling the measurement of multielectron dynamics with attosecond temporal resolution. The fine structures observed in the molecular harmonic spectrum provide crucial insights into the structural or multielectron dynamical effects induced by intense laser fields. In this study, we measure the high-order harmonic spectrum of aligned CO_(2) molecules contributed from short trajectories. Two distinct groups of minima are identified in the plateau region. Our findings indicate that the deeper-lying molecular orbitals and two-center interference play significant roles in molecular harmonic generation. The results pave the way for advancing the understanding of multielectron dynamics in polyatomic molecules under intense laser fields.
文摘AIM： To compare and calculate the 3-year refractive results, higher-order aberrations （HOAs）, contrast sensitivity （CS） and dry eye parameters after small incision lenticule extraction （SMILE） and wavefront-guided femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis （FS-LASIK） for correction of high myopia and myopic astigmatism. METHODS： In this prospective, non-randomized comparative study, 78 eyes with spherical equivalent （SE） of -8.11±1.09 diopters （D） received a SMILE surgery, and 65 eyes with SE of -8.05±1.12 D received a wavefront-guided FS-LASIK surgery with the VisuMax femtosecond laser （Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany） for flap cutting. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, CS, HOAs, ocular surface disease index （OSDI） and tear break-up time （TBUT） were evaluated during a 3-year follow-up. RESULTS： The difference of uncorrected distance visual acuity （UDVA） postoperatively was achieved at lmo and at 3mo, whereas the difference of the mean UDVA between two groups at 3y were not statistically significant （t=-1.59, P=-0.13）. The postoperative change of SE was 0.89 D in the FS-LASIK group （t=5.76, P=0.00）, and 0.14 D in the SMILE group （t=-0.54, P=0.59） from lmo to 3y after surgery. At 3-year postoperatively, both HOAs and spherical aberrations in the SMILE group were obviously less than those in the FS-LASIK group （P=0.00）, but the coma root mean square （RMS） was higher in the SMILE group （0.59±0.26） than in the FS-LASIK group （0.29±0.14, P=0.00）. The mesopic CS values between two groups were not statistically significant at 3y postoperatively. Compared with the FS-LASIK group, lower OSDI scores and longer TBUT values were found in the SMILE group at Imo and 3mo postoperatively. With regard to safety, no eye lost any line of CDVA in both groups at 3y after surgery. CONCLUSION： Both SMILE and wavefront-guided FS- LASIK procedures provide good visual outcomes. Both procedures are effective and safe, but SMILE surgery achieve more stable long-term refractive outcome and better control of early postoperative dry eye as compared to FS-LASIK.
基金supported financially by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China (No. 2014GB117000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1605243)
文摘In this study, near fully dense(96.5%) pure tungsten bulks were additively manufactured and the cracking behavior was investigated. A crack network with a spacing of ～100 lm was observed in the fabricated bulks. It was observed that the laser scanning strategy, which could tailor the microstructure, affected the crack distribution pattern in fabricated tungsten.The calculated surface temperature difference(7300 K) was much higher than the cracking criterion(800 K) of tungsten,indicating that cracking is almost inevitable in laser additive manufacturing of tungsten. It could be concluded that crack network formed because the cracks emerged in every laser molten track and then interconnected in the layer-by-layer building process.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No.2004AA649070)
文摘It is important to screen strains that can decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） completely and rapidly with good adaptability for bioremedlation in a local area. A bacterial strain JM2, which uses pbenanthrene as its sole carbon source, was isolated from the active sewage sludge from a chemical plant in Jilin, China and identified as Pseudomonas based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Although the optimal growth conditions were determined to be pH 6.0 and 37~C, JM2 showed a broad pH and temperature profile. At pH 4.5 and 9.3, JM2 could degrade more than 40% of fluorene and phenanthrene （50 mg/L each） within 4 days. In addition, when the temperature was as low as 4~C, JM2 could degrade up to 24% fluorene and 12% phenanthrene. This showed the potential for JM2 to be applied in bioremediation over winter or in cold regions. Moreover, a nutrient augmentation study showed that adding formate into media could promote PAH degradation, while the supplement of salicylate had an inhibitive effect. Furthermore, in a metabolic pathway study, salicylate, phthalic acid, and 9-fluorenone were detected during the degradation of fluorene or phenanthrene. In conclusion, Pseudomonas sp. JM2 is a high performance strain in the degradation of fluorene and phenanthrene under extreme pH and temperature conditions. It might be useful in the bioremediation of PAHs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81402904the Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,No.13XJ22001+1 种基金the Foundation of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,No.13YJ11a grant from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality of China,No.13ZR1426900,15411963900
文摘Carnosine is a dipeptide that scavenges free radicals, inhibits infammation in the central nervous system, and protects against ischemic and hypoxic brain damage through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic actions. Therefore, we hypothesized that carnosine would also protect against white matter damage caused by subcortical ischemic injury. White matter damage was induced by right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mice. The animals were treated with 200, 500 or 750 mg/kg carnosine by intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes before injury and every other day after injury. Then, 37 days later, Klfiver-Barrera staining, toluidine blue staining and immunofluorescence stain- ing were performed. Carnosine （200, 500 mg/kg） substantially reduced damage to the white matter in the corpus callosum, internal capsule and optic tract, and it rescued expression of myelin basic protein, and alleviated the loss of oligodendrocytes. However, carnosine at the higher dose of 750 mg/kg did not have the same effects as the 200 and 500 mg/kg doses. These findings show that carnosine, at a particular dose range, protects against white matter damage caused by chronic cerebral ischemia in mice, likely by reducing oligodendroglial cell loss.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFD0301705 and 2018YFD0301203)the Innovation Ability Enhancement Nonprofit Research Deepening Project of Sichuan Province Financial Department,China(No.016GYSH-021)+1 种基金the Youth Foundation of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(No.2015QNJJ-016)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y20160039)
文摘China has the world’s highest nitrogen(N)application rate,and the lowest N use efficiency(NUE).With the crop yield increasing,serious N pollution is also caused.An in-situ field experiment(2011–2015)was conducted to examine the effects of three N levels,0(i.e.,no fertilizer N addition to soil),120,and 180 kg N ha-1,using integrated rice management(IRM).We investigated rice yield,aboveground N uptake,and soil surface N budget in a hilly region of Southwest China.Compared to traditional rice management(TRM),IRM integrated raised beds,plastic mulch,furrow irrigation,and triangular transplanting,which significantly improved rice grain yield,straw biomass,aboveground N uptake,and NUE.Integrated rice management significantly improved 15N recovery efficiency(by 10%)and significantly reduced the ratio of potential15N loss(by 8%–12%).Among all treatments,the 120 kg N ha-1 level under IRM achieved the highest 15N recovery efficiency(32%)and 15N residual efficiency(29%),with the lowest 15N loss ratio(39%).After rice harvest,the residual N fertilizer did not achieve a full replenishment of soil N consumption,as the replenishing effect was insufficient(ranging from-31 to-49 kg N ha-1).Furthermore,soil surface N budget showed a surplus(69–146 kg N ha-1)under all treatments,and the N surplus was lower under IRM than TRM.These results indicate IRM as a reliable and stable method for high rice yield and high NUE,while exerting a minor risk of N loss.In the hilly area of Southwest China,the optimized N fertilizer application rate under IRM was found to be 100–150 kg N ha-1.
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2013CB967001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271400)+3 种基金Medical Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province,China(No.201203021)2014 Annual Science and Technology Key Project of Education Department of Henan Province(No.14A320085)the Team Construction and Innovative Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University of 2011Youth Innovation Foundation of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University of 2011
文摘AIM: To complete the data of ocular trauma in central China, as a well-known tertiary referral center for ocular trauma, we documented the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in this region.METHODS: A retrospective study of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China from 2006 to 2011 was performed.· RESULTS: This study included 5964 eyes of 5799 patients. The average age was 35.5 ±21.8y with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. The most common age was 45-59 y age group. Most patients were farmers and workers(51.9%). The most common injuries were firework related(24.5%), road traffic related(24.2%), and work related(15.0%). Among the most common causative agents were firecrackers(24.5%), followed by metal/knife/scissors(21.4%). Most injuries occurred in January(14.2%),February(27.0%), and August(10.0%). There were 8.5%patients with ocular injuries combined with other injuries.The incidence of open ocular injuries(4585 eyes, 76.9%)was higher than closed ocular injuries(939 eyes, 15.7%).The incidences of chemical and thermal ocular injuries were 1.2% and 0.6%. Ocular trauma score(OTS)predicted final visual acuity at non light perception(NLP), 20/200-20/50 and 20/40 with a sensitivity of 100%,and light perception(LP) /hand motion(HM) and 1/200-19/200 with a specificity of 100%.· CONCLUSION: This study provides recent epidemiological data of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China. Some factors influencing the visual outcome include time interval between injury and visit to the clinic, wound location, open or closed globe injury, initial visual acuity, and OTS.
基金The Scientific and Technological Project of CNOOC Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,under contract No.CCL2021RCPS0167KQN。
文摘The China seas and adjacent areas contain numerous petroleum basins.One of the main challenges for future oil and gas exploration is to identify the inherent patterns of petroleum basin distribution.The formation and evolution of petroleum basins along with the migration and accumulation of oil and gas are often closely related to the tectonic environment.The gravity and magnetic fields with high lateral resolution and wide coverage provide important data for regional tectonic research.Based on the gravity data in the Global Satellite Gravity Anomaly Database(V31.1)and magnetic data from the Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid(2-arc-minute resolution)(V2),this study uses integrated gravity and magnetic field technique to obtain integrated gravity and magnetic field result for the China seas and adjacent areas,and then adopts the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative technique to conduct partition.Finally,it identifies the relationship between the partition characteristics and tectonics as well as the patterns of petroleum basin occurrence.The research shows that the partition of gravity and magnetic field integrated result has a good correlation with the Neo-Cathaysian tectonic system and tectonic units.The petroleum basins are characterized according to three blocks arranged from north to south and four zones arranged from east to west.The north-south block structure causes the uneven distribution of oil and gas resources in the mainland area and the differences in the hydrocarbon-bearing strata.Petroleum basins are more abundant in the north than in the south.The ages of the main oil-and gas-bearing strata are“Paleozoic–Mesozoic,Paleozoic–Mesozoic–Cenozoic,and Paleozoic–Mesozoic”,in order from north to south.The difference in the overall type of oil and gas resources in all basins is controlled by the east–west zonation.From east to west,the oil and gas resource type exhibits a wave-like pattern of“oil and gas,gas,oil and gas,gas”.The vertical distribution is characterized by an upper oil(Mesozoic–Cenozoic)and lower gas(Mesozoic–Paleozoic)structure.Within the study area,the Paleozoic marine strata should be the main strata of future natural gas exploration.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX1014)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.XDJK2020B059)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971711)Chongqing education committee project(CY200210,S202010635221).
文摘Chilling has a critical role in the growth and development of perennial plants.The chilling requirement(CR)for dormancy breaking largely depends on the species.However,global warming is expected to negatively affect chilling accumulation and dormancy release in a wide range of perennial plants.Here,we used Chimonanthus praecox as a model to investigate the CR for dormancy breaking under natural and artificial conditions.We determined the minimum CR(570 chill units,CU)needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and analyzed the transcriptomes and proteomes of flowering and non-flowering flower buds(FBs,anther and ovary differentiation completed)with different CRs.The concentrations of ABA and GA3 in the FBs were also determined using HPLC.The results indicate that chilling induced an upregulation of ABA levels and significant downregulation of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)and FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)homologs at the transcript level in FBs when the accumulated CR reached 570 CU(IB570)compared to FBs in November(FB.Nov,CK)and nF16(non-flowering FBs after treatment at 16℃for−300 CU),which suggested that dormancy breaking of FBs could be regulated by the ABA-mediated SVP-FT module.Overexpression in Arabidopsis was used to confirm the function of candidate genes,and early flowering was induced in 35S::CpFT1 transgenic lines.Our data provide insight into the minimum CR(570 CU)needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and its underlying regulatory mechanism in C.praecox,which provides a new tool for the artificial regulation of flowering time and a rich gene resource for controlling chilling-induced blooming.
基金supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81301899 and 81372662)Wu Jie Ping Medical Foundation(No.320.6750.1239)the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2009CB521802)
文摘Gefitinib is used as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）.Unfortunately,most NSCLC patients inevitably develop gefitinib resistance during treatment.In addition to EGFR mutation status,the mechanisms involved are largely unknown.In this study,we showed that mi R-124,a tumor suppressor,was significantly down-regulated in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC patients and cell lines compared with gefitinib-sensitive patients and cell lines.In addition,the mi R-124 depletion induced gefitinib resistance,and mi R-124 overexpression sensitized gefitinib-resistant cells to gefitinib.Mechanistic analysis revealed that mi R-124 decreased SNAI2 and STAT3 expression by directly targeting their 3＇UTRs and that knocking down SNAI2 or STAT3 partly reversed the gefitinib resistance induced by mi R-124 depletion.Our data demonstrate that the mi R-124 plays a new critical role in acquired resistance to gefitinib and that the manipulation of mi R-124 might provide a therapeutic strategy for reversing acquired gefitinib resistance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41807515,51974313,and 51974314)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.BK20180641)。
文摘Reclaimed soils in mining area usually display low fertility and present Cd stress.The amendment of modified biochar effectively fixes Cd in soils,enhances soil fertility,and reduces Cd stress in soil microorganisms.However,the effect of thiourea-modified biochar(TBC)on microbial adaptability to Cd stress in mining reclamation soils is still unclear.The present work studied the Cd immobilization and microbial community changes in a mining reclamation soil displaying extreme Cd contamination under TBC amendment.The results indicated that the amendment of TBC significantly enhanced(P<0.05)soil pH,the content of available phosphorus(AP),and the activities of urease and polyphenol oxidase by 1.3%,463.4%,54.4%,and 84.0%,respectively,compared to the control without amendment.The amount of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure-extracable Cd decreased(P<0.05)by 68.0%in the TBC-amended soil compared with the unamended soil.The structure of soil microbiota was reorganized and the alpha diversity index was increased in the TBC treatment.The TBC amendment increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota,and Zoopagomycota,which were strongly associated(P<0.01)with higher soil pH and AP.Structural equation model results demonstrated that Cd immobilization was directly influenced by soil pH,AP,and urease,and indirectly affected by bacterial structure in the TBC treatment.The TBC amendment can effectively improve the structural composition of soil bacteria under Cd stress and enhance the pathways of decreasing soil Cd availability as well.The results might facilitate the development of in-situ remediation programs in Cd-contaminated soils in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31991185,31902019,32102384)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF1000103)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021B0707010005)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,China(2016-2020)supported by the Youth innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.Y2023QC05)。
文摘The deterioration in fruit quality of commercial tomatoes is a major concern of modern tomato breeding.However,the metabolism and genetics of fruit quality are poorly understood.Here,we performed transgenic and molecular biology experiments to reveal that tomato phytoene synthase 1(SlPSY1)is responsible for the accumulation of an important flavor chemical,6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one(MHO).To dissect the function of SlPSY1 in regulating fruit quality,we generated and analyzed a dataset encompassing over 2000 compounds detected by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS along with transcriptomic data.The combined results illustrated that SlPSY1 deficiency imparts novel flavor to yellow tomatoes with 236 volatiles significantly changed and improves fruit firmness,possibly due to accumulation of seven cutins.Further analysis indicated SlPSY1 is essential for carotenoid-derived metabolite biosynthesis by catalyzing prephytoene-PP(PPPP)to 15-cis-phytoene.Notably,we showed that SlPSY1 can influence the metabolic flux between carotenoid and flavonoid pathways,and this metabolic flux was confirmed by silencing SlCHS1.Our study provided insights into the multiple effects of SlPSY1 on tomato fruit metabolome and highlights the potential to produce high-quality fruit by rational design of SlPSY1 expression.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51976173,51976014)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.BK20201204)Basic Research Program of Taicang(Grant No.TC2019JC01).
文摘With the development of modern technology and economy,environmental protection and sustainable development have become the focus of global attention.The promotion and development of electric vehicles(EVs)have bright prospects.However,many challenges need to be faced seriously.Under diferent operating conditions,various safety problems of electric vehicles emerge one after another,especially the hidden danger of battery overheating which threatens the performance of electric vehicles.This paper aims to design and optimize a new indirect liquid cooling system for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries.Various design schemes for diferent cooling channel structures and cooling liquid inlet directions are proposed,and the corresponding solid-fuid coupling model is established.COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software is adopted to simulate and analyze the cooling systems.An approximate model is constructed using the Kriging method,which is considered to optimize the battery cooling system and improve the optimization results.Sensitivity parameter analysis and the optimization design of system structure are performed through a set of infuencing factors in the battery thermal management.The results indicate that the method used in this paper can efectively reduce the maximum core temperature and balance the temperature diferences of the battery pack.Compared with the original design,the optimized design,which is based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II),has an excellent ability in the optimized thermal management system to dissipate thermal energy and keep the overall cooling uniformity of the battery and thermal management system.Furthermore,the optimized system can also prevent thermal runaway propagation under thermal abuse conditions.In summary,this research can provide some practical suggestions and ideas for the engineering and production applications and structural optimization design carried by electric vehicles.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51774245)Applied Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (No. 2018JY0517)Open Fund (No. PLN161) of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation and Research Center of Energy Polymer Materials (Southwest Petroleum University).
文摘Two-dimensional(2 D) materials are promising candidates for advanced water purification membranes.In this work, UV reduced GO(Ur GO) membranes on the support of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) had been fabricated for wastewater treatment. The reduction degree of GO membrane on the effect of water purification performance was investigated, and it was found that the weak-reduction GO membrane exhibited the optimal performance of removing pollutant from wastewater than GO membrane. Besides,scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectra and contact angle tests were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the Ur GO membranes, and the permeance and rejection ability of the as-prepared filtration membranes were determined. Due to the weak-reduction of GO, pristine graphitic sp2 domains increased with slightly decreasing D-spacing. Thus,the Ur GO membrane showed a higher water flux of 38.27 L m-2h-1 bar-1, which was improved more than 270% compared to GO membrane, and dyes rejection increased. Those outstanding performances indicated that the Ur GO membrane could effectively regulate the contradiction of the trade-off balance between flux and rejection, and hold great potential in real-world waste-water purification.
