Particulate matter(PM_(2.5))samples were collected in the vicinity of an industrial chemical pole and analysed for organic and elemental carbon(OC and EC),47 trace elements and around 150 organic constituents.On avera...Particulate matter(PM_(2.5))samples were collected in the vicinity of an industrial chemical pole and analysed for organic and elemental carbon(OC and EC),47 trace elements and around 150 organic constituents.On average,OC and EC accounted for 25.2% and 11.4% of the PM_(2.5) mass,respectively.Organic compounds comprised polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),alkylated PAHs,anhydrosugars,phenolics,aromatic ketones,glycerol derivatives,aliphatic alcohols,sterols,and carboxyl groups,including aromatic,carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids.Enrichment factors>100 were obtained for Pb,Cd,Zn,Cu,Sn,B,Se,Bi,Sb and Mo,showing the contribution of industrial emissions and nearby major roads.Principal component analysis revealed that vehicle,industrial and biomass burning emissions accounted for 66%,11% and 9%,respectively,of the total PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs.Some of the detected organic constituents are likely associated with plasticiser ingredients and thermal stabilisers used in the manufacture of PVC and other plastics in the industrial complex.Photooxidation products of both anthropogenic(e.g.,toluene)and biogenic(e.g.,isoprene and pinenes)precursors were also observed.It was estimated that biomass burning accounted for 13.8%of the PM_(2.5) concentrations and that secondary OC represented 37.6% of the total OC.The lifetime cancer risk from inhalation exposure to PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs was found to be negligible,but it exceeded the threshold of 10−6 for metal(loi)s,mainly due to Cr and As.展开更多
基金supported by the projects “ATHEROFIT: Phytochemical-based metabolic immunomodulation to prevent/attenuate particulate mattermediated atherosclerosis” (OHM-Estarreja/2019-2128)funded by LabEx DRIIHM, and “SOPRO: Chemical and toxicologicalSOurce PROfiling of particulate matter in urban air”, POCI-010145-FEDER-029574+5 种基金funded by FEDER, through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza??o (POCI)national funds (OE), through FCT/MCTESthe grants SFRH/BPD/123176/2016, SFRH/BD/117993/2016 and SFRH/BD/144550/2019 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)subsidised by national funds (OE), through FCT, I.P., in the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19support to CESAM (UIDB/50017/2020 & UIDP/50017/2020) and CICECO (UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020), to FCT/MCTES through national fundsco-funding by FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020
文摘Particulate matter(PM_(2.5))samples were collected in the vicinity of an industrial chemical pole and analysed for organic and elemental carbon(OC and EC),47 trace elements and around 150 organic constituents.On average,OC and EC accounted for 25.2% and 11.4% of the PM_(2.5) mass,respectively.Organic compounds comprised polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),alkylated PAHs,anhydrosugars,phenolics,aromatic ketones,glycerol derivatives,aliphatic alcohols,sterols,and carboxyl groups,including aromatic,carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids.Enrichment factors>100 were obtained for Pb,Cd,Zn,Cu,Sn,B,Se,Bi,Sb and Mo,showing the contribution of industrial emissions and nearby major roads.Principal component analysis revealed that vehicle,industrial and biomass burning emissions accounted for 66%,11% and 9%,respectively,of the total PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs.Some of the detected organic constituents are likely associated with plasticiser ingredients and thermal stabilisers used in the manufacture of PVC and other plastics in the industrial complex.Photooxidation products of both anthropogenic(e.g.,toluene)and biogenic(e.g.,isoprene and pinenes)precursors were also observed.It was estimated that biomass burning accounted for 13.8%of the PM_(2.5) concentrations and that secondary OC represented 37.6% of the total OC.The lifetime cancer risk from inhalation exposure to PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs was found to be negligible,but it exceeded the threshold of 10−6 for metal(loi)s,mainly due to Cr and As.
