[Objective] This study aimed to carry out a preliminary analysis of genetic diversity of 47 JUNCAO germplasms. [Methods] Twenty-eight iPBS （Intel Primer Binding Site Amplification） primers were firstly used for PCR ...[Objective] This study aimed to carry out a preliminary analysis of genetic diversity of 47 JUNCAO germplasms. [Methods] Twenty-eight iPBS （Intel Primer Binding Site Amplification） primers were firstly used for PCR screening on a subset of four germplasms, of which 11 gave good amplification patterns and were then used for analyzing the DNA of 47 JUNCAO germplasms. [Result] A total of 208 polymorphic DNA fragments were scored among the 47 JUNCAO germplasms from the electrophoresis patterns of the 11 selected iPBS primers. By using the NTSYSpc 2.1 software combined with UPGMA clustering analysis method, the simple matching （SM） coefficient of similarity was calculated among all accessions and ranged from 0.58 to 0.99. The 47 JUNCAO germplasms were clustered into 10 categories at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.67. All the 47 accessions were distinguished from each other. [Conclusion] Our results showed that iPBS markers could be effectively used for genetic diversity analysis of JUNCAO germplasms. This study provides a preliminary theoretical guidance and technical support for the efficient management and utilization of JUNCAO germplasm resources.展开更多
Napier grass, an important forage crop with potentials in multi-purpose applications, is widely grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. Low temperature severely limits its productivity and geographical distributi...Napier grass, an important forage crop with potentials in multi-purpose applications, is widely grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. Low temperature severely limits its productivity and geographical distribution in temperate regions of the world. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic Acid(ABA) on chilling tolerance of napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) seedlings. Seven-day-old napier grass seedlings were cultured in dd H_2O or ABA solution at different concentrations and exposed to 1 ℃ for different time durations. The chilling injury, membrane stability index(MSI) and proline content were estimated from leaf samples. The results showed that there was obvious morphological injury of leaf blighting and restrained growth for the seedlings under chilling stress, but this damage can be largely reduced(by 2/3) when the seedlings were treated by 100 μmol/L ABA in the culture solution, and that the application of exogenous ABA can help to maintain a good stability of leaf cell membrane as expressed by a high MSI value and a low level of proline in leaf cells. These results suggested that exogenous ABA can significantly alleviate chilling injury in napier grass seedlings by maintaining the stability of leaf cell membrane during chilling stress, and that the chilling tolerance was not ensured by a proline accumulation although a passive accumulation of proline was observed in the seedlings under chilling stress. Our results lay a preliminary foundation for future investigations on the molecular mechanisms of ABA induced chilling or freezing tolerance in napier grass.展开更多
The use of inorganic nitrogen(N)fertilizers has increased drastically to meet the food requirements of the world’s growing population.However,the excessive use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer has caused a series of s...The use of inorganic nitrogen(N)fertilizers has increased drastically to meet the food requirements of the world’s growing population.However,the excessive use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer has caused a series of soil and environmental problems,such as soil hardening,lower nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),nitrate pollution of water sources,nitrous oxide emissions,etc.In this review,we aimed to elaborate and discuss the role of engineered biochar in inducing the stability of water-stable macroaggregates,improving inorganic N transformation,and utilization efficiency to address the current uncertainties of nitrogen loss and maintaining soil and water quality.Firstly,we elucidated the characteristics of engineered biochar in improving biochar quality to work as a multifunctional player in the ecosystem and promote resource utilization,soil conservation,and ecosystem preservation.Secondly,we discussed how the engineered biochar modulates the stability of water-stable macroaggregates and soil inorganic nitrogen transformation to enhance plant response under various toxic or deficient nitrogen conditions in the soil.Thirdly,the role of engineered biochar in biological nitrogen fixation,mediating nirK,nirS,and nosZ genes to promote the conversion of N_(2)O to N_(2),and decreasing denitrification and N_(2)O emission was reviewed.Altogether,we suggest that engineered biochar amendment to soil can regulate soil water-stable macroaggregates,reduce N input,improve nitrogen metabolism,and finally,NUE and crop growth.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time to evaluate the combined interactions of"engineered biochar×soil×NUE×crop growth,"providing advantages over the increasing N and water utilization and crop productivity separately with the aim of enhancing the stability of water-stable macroaggregates and NUE together on a sustainable basis.展开更多
Covering a quarter of the world＇s tropical coastlines and being one of the most threat- ened ecosystems, mangroves are among the major sources of terrestrial organic matter to oceans and harbor a wide microbial diver...Covering a quarter of the world＇s tropical coastlines and being one of the most threat- ened ecosystems, mangroves are among the major sources of terrestrial organic matter to oceans and harbor a wide microbial diversity. In order to protect, restore, and better understand these ecosystems, researchers have extensively studied their microbiology, yet few surveys have focused on their fungal communities, Our lack of knowledge is even more pronounced for specific fungal populations, such as the ones associated with the rhizosphere. Likewise, the Red Sea gray man- groves （Avicennia marina） remain poorly characterized, and understanding of their fungal commu- nities still relies on cultivation-dependent methods. In this study, we analyzed metagenomic datasets from gray mangrove rhizosphere and bulk soil samples collected in the Red Sea coast, to obtain a snapshot of their fungal communities. Our data indicated that Ascomycota was the dominant phylum （76%-85%）, while Basidiomycota was less abundant （14%-24~）, yet present in higher numbers than usually reported for such environments. Fungal communities were more stable within the rhizosphere than within the bulk soil, both at class and genus level. This finding is consistent with the intrinsic patchiness in soil sediments and with the selection of specific microbial commu- nities by plant roots. Our study indicates the presence of several species on this mycobiome that were not previously reported as mangrove-associated. In particular, we detected representatives of several commercially-used fungi, e.g., producers of secreted cellulases and anaerobic producers of cellulosomes. These results represent additional insights into the fungal community of the gray mangroves of the Red Sea, and show that they are significantly richer than previously reported.展开更多
The deep-sea brines of the Red Sea include some of the most extreme and unique envi- ronments on Earth. They combine high salinities with increases in temperature, heavy metals, hydrostatic pressure, and anoxic condit...The deep-sea brines of the Red Sea include some of the most extreme and unique envi- ronments on Earth. They combine high salinities with increases in temperature, heavy metals, hydrostatic pressure, and anoxic conditions, creating unique settings for thriving populations of novel extremophiles. Despite a recent increase of studies focusing on these unusual biotopes, their viral communities remain unexplored. The current survey explores four metagenomic datasets obtained from different brine-seawater interface samples, focusing specifically on the diversity of their viral communities. Data analysis confirmed that the particle-attached viral communities present in the brine-seawater interfaces were diverse and generally dominated by Candovirales, yet appearing distinct from sample to sample. With a level of caution, we report the unexpected finding of Phycodnaviridae, which infects algae and plants, and trace amounts of insect-infecting Iridoviridae. Results from Kebrit Deep revealed stratification in the viral communities present in the interface： the upper-interface was enriched with viruses associated with typical marine bacteria, while the lower-interface was enriched with haloviruses and halophages. These results provide first insights into the unexplored viral communities present in deep-sea brines of the Red Sea, represent- ing one of the first steps for ongoing and future sampling efforts and studies.展开更多
基金Supported by R&D Program of China National Engineering Research Center o JUNCAO Technology(JCGG14010)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to carry out a preliminary analysis of genetic diversity of 47 JUNCAO germplasms. [Methods] Twenty-eight iPBS （Intel Primer Binding Site Amplification） primers were firstly used for PCR screening on a subset of four germplasms, of which 11 gave good amplification patterns and were then used for analyzing the DNA of 47 JUNCAO germplasms. [Result] A total of 208 polymorphic DNA fragments were scored among the 47 JUNCAO germplasms from the electrophoresis patterns of the 11 selected iPBS primers. By using the NTSYSpc 2.1 software combined with UPGMA clustering analysis method, the simple matching （SM） coefficient of similarity was calculated among all accessions and ranged from 0.58 to 0.99. The 47 JUNCAO germplasms were clustered into 10 categories at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.67. All the 47 accessions were distinguished from each other. [Conclusion] Our results showed that iPBS markers could be effectively used for genetic diversity analysis of JUNCAO germplasms. This study provides a preliminary theoretical guidance and technical support for the efficient management and utilization of JUNCAO germplasm resources.
基金Supported by an R&D Program of the China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology(JCGG14010)
文摘Napier grass, an important forage crop with potentials in multi-purpose applications, is widely grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. Low temperature severely limits its productivity and geographical distribution in temperate regions of the world. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic Acid(ABA) on chilling tolerance of napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) seedlings. Seven-day-old napier grass seedlings were cultured in dd H_2O or ABA solution at different concentrations and exposed to 1 ℃ for different time durations. The chilling injury, membrane stability index(MSI) and proline content were estimated from leaf samples. The results showed that there was obvious morphological injury of leaf blighting and restrained growth for the seedlings under chilling stress, but this damage can be largely reduced(by 2/3) when the seedlings were treated by 100 μmol/L ABA in the culture solution, and that the application of exogenous ABA can help to maintain a good stability of leaf cell membrane as expressed by a high MSI value and a low level of proline in leaf cells. These results suggested that exogenous ABA can significantly alleviate chilling injury in napier grass seedlings by maintaining the stability of leaf cell membrane during chilling stress, and that the chilling tolerance was not ensured by a proline accumulation although a passive accumulation of proline was observed in the seedlings under chilling stress. Our results lay a preliminary foundation for future investigations on the molecular mechanisms of ABA induced chilling or freezing tolerance in napier grass.
基金The Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.202206010064)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2021A1515010566)The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0200405-5)for financially supporting this work.
文摘The use of inorganic nitrogen(N)fertilizers has increased drastically to meet the food requirements of the world’s growing population.However,the excessive use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer has caused a series of soil and environmental problems,such as soil hardening,lower nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),nitrate pollution of water sources,nitrous oxide emissions,etc.In this review,we aimed to elaborate and discuss the role of engineered biochar in inducing the stability of water-stable macroaggregates,improving inorganic N transformation,and utilization efficiency to address the current uncertainties of nitrogen loss and maintaining soil and water quality.Firstly,we elucidated the characteristics of engineered biochar in improving biochar quality to work as a multifunctional player in the ecosystem and promote resource utilization,soil conservation,and ecosystem preservation.Secondly,we discussed how the engineered biochar modulates the stability of water-stable macroaggregates and soil inorganic nitrogen transformation to enhance plant response under various toxic or deficient nitrogen conditions in the soil.Thirdly,the role of engineered biochar in biological nitrogen fixation,mediating nirK,nirS,and nosZ genes to promote the conversion of N_(2)O to N_(2),and decreasing denitrification and N_(2)O emission was reviewed.Altogether,we suggest that engineered biochar amendment to soil can regulate soil water-stable macroaggregates,reduce N input,improve nitrogen metabolism,and finally,NUE and crop growth.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time to evaluate the combined interactions of"engineered biochar×soil×NUE×crop growth,"providing advantages over the increasing N and water utilization and crop productivity separately with the aim of enhancing the stability of water-stable macroaggregates and NUE together on a sustainable basis.
基金supported by the base research funds to VBBthe competitive research funding of VBB from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Saudi Arabia
文摘Covering a quarter of the world＇s tropical coastlines and being one of the most threat- ened ecosystems, mangroves are among the major sources of terrestrial organic matter to oceans and harbor a wide microbial diversity. In order to protect, restore, and better understand these ecosystems, researchers have extensively studied their microbiology, yet few surveys have focused on their fungal communities, Our lack of knowledge is even more pronounced for specific fungal populations, such as the ones associated with the rhizosphere. Likewise, the Red Sea gray man- groves （Avicennia marina） remain poorly characterized, and understanding of their fungal commu- nities still relies on cultivation-dependent methods. In this study, we analyzed metagenomic datasets from gray mangrove rhizosphere and bulk soil samples collected in the Red Sea coast, to obtain a snapshot of their fungal communities. Our data indicated that Ascomycota was the dominant phylum （76%-85%）, while Basidiomycota was less abundant （14%-24~）, yet present in higher numbers than usually reported for such environments. Fungal communities were more stable within the rhizosphere than within the bulk soil, both at class and genus level. This finding is consistent with the intrinsic patchiness in soil sediments and with the selection of specific microbial commu- nities by plant roots. Our study indicates the presence of several species on this mycobiome that were not previously reported as mangrove-associated. In particular, we detected representatives of several commercially-used fungi, e.g., producers of secreted cellulases and anaerobic producers of cellulosomes. These results represent additional insights into the fungal community of the gray mangroves of the Red Sea, and show that they are significantly richer than previously reported.
基金the support through the KAUST baseline research funds to VBBpartially supported by the KAUST-AUC Global Collaborative Research Program
文摘The deep-sea brines of the Red Sea include some of the most extreme and unique envi- ronments on Earth. They combine high salinities with increases in temperature, heavy metals, hydrostatic pressure, and anoxic conditions, creating unique settings for thriving populations of novel extremophiles. Despite a recent increase of studies focusing on these unusual biotopes, their viral communities remain unexplored. The current survey explores four metagenomic datasets obtained from different brine-seawater interface samples, focusing specifically on the diversity of their viral communities. Data analysis confirmed that the particle-attached viral communities present in the brine-seawater interfaces were diverse and generally dominated by Candovirales, yet appearing distinct from sample to sample. With a level of caution, we report the unexpected finding of Phycodnaviridae, which infects algae and plants, and trace amounts of insect-infecting Iridoviridae. Results from Kebrit Deep revealed stratification in the viral communities present in the interface： the upper-interface was enriched with viruses associated with typical marine bacteria, while the lower-interface was enriched with haloviruses and halophages. These results provide first insights into the unexplored viral communities present in deep-sea brines of the Red Sea, represent- ing one of the first steps for ongoing and future sampling efforts and studies.
