Growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials have led to increased interest in bio-based composites.This study investigates the development and characterization of su...Growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials have led to increased interest in bio-based composites.This study investigates the development and characterization of sustainable egg packaging waste(EPW)biocomposites derived from recycled wood fibers and fungal mycelium filaments as a natural binder.Three formulations were prepared using EPW as the primary substrate,with and without the addition of hemp shives and sawdust as co-substrates.The composites were evaluated for granulometry,density,mechanical strength,hygroscopic behavior,thermal conductivity,and fire performance using cone calorimetry.Biocomposites,composed exclusively of egg packaging waste,exhibited favorable fire resistance,lower total heat release(THR)and total smoke release(TSR),extended time to ignition(TTI),reduced hygroscopicity,and higher flexural strength.Biocomposites,containing hemp shives,demonstrated improved compressive strength and thermal insulation but showed weaker fire resistance.Biocomposites,incorporating sawdust,showed intermediate properties with the longest flameout time(TTF)and highest heat release values.Overall,the results demonstrate that EPW-based biocomposites can be tailored through substrate composition to achieve desirable combinations of mechanical,thermal,and fire-retardant properties,highlighting their potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional syntheticmaterials in building and packaging applications.展开更多
This study investigated the potential of locally sourced mushrooms as a sustainable alternative to marine-derived chitosan in papermaking.Chitosan was extracted from four local(Boletus edulis,Suillus luteus,Leccinum a...This study investigated the potential of locally sourced mushrooms as a sustainable alternative to marine-derived chitosan in papermaking.Chitosan was extracted from four local(Boletus edulis,Suillus luteus,Leccinum auran-tiacum,Suillus variegatus),one commercially available(Agaricus bisporus)and one laboratory-grown(Phanero-chaete chrysosporium)fungal species.Paper handsheets were prepared using either 100%regenerated paper or a 50/50 blend of regenerated paper and hemp fibres.2.5%chitosan(based on dry mass)was incorporated into the paper mass,using chitosan sourced from B.edulis,A.bisporus,P.chrysosporium,and crustacean chitosan.Fungal chitosan sources were selected based on multiple factors.B.edulis exhibited the highest chitosan yield(5.03%),the highest degree of deacetylation(77.0%)and the highest molecular weight(59.18 kDa).It is also a widely prevalent species in the Baltic region.A.bisporus demonstrated the highest degree of crystallinity(62.7%).Additionally,it has readily available waste material due to its popularity in the food industry.P.chysosporium,with its low degree of crystallinity(33.9%)and small molecular weight(9.06 kDa),is easily cultivable in laboratory conditions.Mechanical testing of papers showed that fungal chitosan significantly improved tensile index and elongation at break(in wet and dry states)and burst strength while reducing air permeability.Notably,fungal chitosan con-sistently outperformed crustacean chitosan.Commercially available A.bisporus and locally sourced B.edulis emerged as promising alternatives to crustacean chitosan in papermaking.Further research is needed to explore other applications for fungal chitosan.展开更多
基金funded by the Latvian Research Council FLPP project No.lzp-2023/1-0633“Innovative mycelium biocomposites(MB)from plant residual biomass with enhanced properties for sustainable solutions”.
文摘Growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials have led to increased interest in bio-based composites.This study investigates the development and characterization of sustainable egg packaging waste(EPW)biocomposites derived from recycled wood fibers and fungal mycelium filaments as a natural binder.Three formulations were prepared using EPW as the primary substrate,with and without the addition of hemp shives and sawdust as co-substrates.The composites were evaluated for granulometry,density,mechanical strength,hygroscopic behavior,thermal conductivity,and fire performance using cone calorimetry.Biocomposites,composed exclusively of egg packaging waste,exhibited favorable fire resistance,lower total heat release(THR)and total smoke release(TSR),extended time to ignition(TTI),reduced hygroscopicity,and higher flexural strength.Biocomposites,containing hemp shives,demonstrated improved compressive strength and thermal insulation but showed weaker fire resistance.Biocomposites,incorporating sawdust,showed intermediate properties with the longest flameout time(TTF)and highest heat release values.Overall,the results demonstrate that EPW-based biocomposites can be tailored through substrate composition to achieve desirable combinations of mechanical,thermal,and fire-retardant properties,highlighting their potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional syntheticmaterials in building and packaging applications.
基金funded by the Latvian Council of Science Project No.lzp-2023/1-0123“Development of Biopolymer-Based Hydrophobic Multi-Layer Packaging Material from Biomass Waste Streams”。
文摘This study investigated the potential of locally sourced mushrooms as a sustainable alternative to marine-derived chitosan in papermaking.Chitosan was extracted from four local(Boletus edulis,Suillus luteus,Leccinum auran-tiacum,Suillus variegatus),one commercially available(Agaricus bisporus)and one laboratory-grown(Phanero-chaete chrysosporium)fungal species.Paper handsheets were prepared using either 100%regenerated paper or a 50/50 blend of regenerated paper and hemp fibres.2.5%chitosan(based on dry mass)was incorporated into the paper mass,using chitosan sourced from B.edulis,A.bisporus,P.chrysosporium,and crustacean chitosan.Fungal chitosan sources were selected based on multiple factors.B.edulis exhibited the highest chitosan yield(5.03%),the highest degree of deacetylation(77.0%)and the highest molecular weight(59.18 kDa).It is also a widely prevalent species in the Baltic region.A.bisporus demonstrated the highest degree of crystallinity(62.7%).Additionally,it has readily available waste material due to its popularity in the food industry.P.chysosporium,with its low degree of crystallinity(33.9%)and small molecular weight(9.06 kDa),is easily cultivable in laboratory conditions.Mechanical testing of papers showed that fungal chitosan significantly improved tensile index and elongation at break(in wet and dry states)and burst strength while reducing air permeability.Notably,fungal chitosan con-sistently outperformed crustacean chitosan.Commercially available A.bisporus and locally sourced B.edulis emerged as promising alternatives to crustacean chitosan in papermaking.Further research is needed to explore other applications for fungal chitosan.
