Background: Even though NIR fluorescence imaging has many advantages in SLN mapping and cancer detection, NIR fluorescence imaging shows a serious drawback that NIR cannot be detected by the naked eye without any dete...Background: Even though NIR fluorescence imaging has many advantages in SLN mapping and cancer detection, NIR fluorescence imaging shows a serious drawback that NIR cannot be detected by the naked eye without any detectors. This limitation further disturbs accurate SLN detection and adequate tumor resection resulting in the presence of cancerous cells near the boundaries of surgically removed tissues. Materials and methods: To overcome the drawback of the conventional NIR imaging method, we suggest a novel NIR imaging system which can make the NIR fluorescence image visible to the naked eye as NIR fluorescence image detected by a video camera is processed by a computer and then projected back onto the NIR fluorescence excitation position with a projector using conspicuous color light. Image processing techniques were used for projection onto the exact position of the NIR fluorescence image. Also, we implemented a phantom experiment to evaluate the performance of the developed NIR fluorescence projection system by use of the ICG. Results: The developed NIR fluorescence projection system was applied in normal mouse model to confirm the usefulness of the system in the clinical field. A BALB/c nude mouse was prepared to be applied in normal mouse model and 0.25 mg/ml stock solution of the ICG was injected through a tail vein of the mouse. From the application in normal mouse model, we could confirm that the injected ICG stayed in the liver of the mouse and verify that the projection system projected the ICG fluorescence image at the exact location of the ICG by performing laparotomy of the mouse. Conclusions: From the application in normal mouse model, we could verify that the ICG fluorescence image was precisely projected back on the site where ICG fluorescence generated. It can be demonstrated that the NIR fluorescence projection system can make it possible to visualize the invisible NIR fluorescence image and to realize that SLN mapping and cancer detection in clinical surgery.展开更多
The liver is pivotal in protein synthesis,glucose and lipid metabolism,and detoxification.However,the liver is susceptible to both acute and chronic disorders,with chronic conditions being fatal.Chronic liver diseases...The liver is pivotal in protein synthesis,glucose and lipid metabolism,and detoxification.However,the liver is susceptible to both acute and chronic disorders,with chronic conditions being fatal.Chronic liver diseases(CLDs),such as liver fibrosis,which usually represents the early manifestation of cirrhosis,primarily result from hepatitis B and C viruses infections,metabolic disorders,alcohol abuse,immunemediated attacks,and cholestatic injury.The progression of liver fibrosis contributes to the development of cirrhosis,which can further lead to hepatocellular carcinoma,portal hypertension,hepatic decompensation,and hepatic encephalopathy.The extracellular matrix deposition over time leading the hepatocyte necrosis(cirrhosis)is the main structural feature of CLDs and may cause hepatic failure.Certain conditions,such as hepatitis and autoimmune diseases,may promote the rapid deterioration of liver function.Acute and chronic liver failure causes may vary,with early referral for liver transplantation improving the chance of recovery.The healthcare system need improvements to manage patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic fatty liver disease,as they have the potential to progress to cirrhosis.Both conditions involve the release of reactive oxygen species and damage-associated molecular patterns from cytokines,hepatic stellate cells,and hepatocyte autophagy,leading to prolonged inflammation.While various medications target fibrosis and liver damage,nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer additional promise by promoting faster liver regeneration.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of nanoparticle systems as a future therapeutic approach for treating liver disorders.展开更多
Nanovaccines are used as delivery platforms for antigens and adjuvants, which activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and enhance anticancer immune responses.1,2 Researchers have recently developed a self-assembled n...Nanovaccines are used as delivery platforms for antigens and adjuvants, which activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and enhance anticancer immune responses.1,2 Researchers have recently developed a self-assembled nanocomplex using a polysorbitol-co-PEI (PSPEI) polymer complexed with poly(I:C) (PIC). By binding to different surface proteins, this nanocomplex enhances the intracellular delivery of cargos and induces potent anticancer immune responses against melanoma cells.3 We have previously demonstrated that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade enhanced the efficacy of DC-based cancer immunotherapy.4,5 Moreover, the combination of nanomedicines and PD-L1 blockade has been reported to enhance CD8+ T cell activation and inhibit immunosuppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment.6 In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a combinatorial treatment comprising the immunoadjuvant nanocomplex PSPEI-PIC, a DC vaccine, and PD-L1 blockade in a murine colon cancer model.展开更多
文摘Background: Even though NIR fluorescence imaging has many advantages in SLN mapping and cancer detection, NIR fluorescence imaging shows a serious drawback that NIR cannot be detected by the naked eye without any detectors. This limitation further disturbs accurate SLN detection and adequate tumor resection resulting in the presence of cancerous cells near the boundaries of surgically removed tissues. Materials and methods: To overcome the drawback of the conventional NIR imaging method, we suggest a novel NIR imaging system which can make the NIR fluorescence image visible to the naked eye as NIR fluorescence image detected by a video camera is processed by a computer and then projected back onto the NIR fluorescence excitation position with a projector using conspicuous color light. Image processing techniques were used for projection onto the exact position of the NIR fluorescence image. Also, we implemented a phantom experiment to evaluate the performance of the developed NIR fluorescence projection system by use of the ICG. Results: The developed NIR fluorescence projection system was applied in normal mouse model to confirm the usefulness of the system in the clinical field. A BALB/c nude mouse was prepared to be applied in normal mouse model and 0.25 mg/ml stock solution of the ICG was injected through a tail vein of the mouse. From the application in normal mouse model, we could confirm that the injected ICG stayed in the liver of the mouse and verify that the projection system projected the ICG fluorescence image at the exact location of the ICG by performing laparotomy of the mouse. Conclusions: From the application in normal mouse model, we could verify that the ICG fluorescence image was precisely projected back on the site where ICG fluorescence generated. It can be demonstrated that the NIR fluorescence projection system can make it possible to visualize the invisible NIR fluorescence image and to realize that SLN mapping and cancer detection in clinical surgery.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Republic of Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2021-NR058546 and RS-2023-00219517 to Don-Kyu Kim,No.2020R1A2C2005620,2020R1A5A2031185,and 2020M3A9G3080282 to In-Kyu Park).
文摘The liver is pivotal in protein synthesis,glucose and lipid metabolism,and detoxification.However,the liver is susceptible to both acute and chronic disorders,with chronic conditions being fatal.Chronic liver diseases(CLDs),such as liver fibrosis,which usually represents the early manifestation of cirrhosis,primarily result from hepatitis B and C viruses infections,metabolic disorders,alcohol abuse,immunemediated attacks,and cholestatic injury.The progression of liver fibrosis contributes to the development of cirrhosis,which can further lead to hepatocellular carcinoma,portal hypertension,hepatic decompensation,and hepatic encephalopathy.The extracellular matrix deposition over time leading the hepatocyte necrosis(cirrhosis)is the main structural feature of CLDs and may cause hepatic failure.Certain conditions,such as hepatitis and autoimmune diseases,may promote the rapid deterioration of liver function.Acute and chronic liver failure causes may vary,with early referral for liver transplantation improving the chance of recovery.The healthcare system need improvements to manage patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic fatty liver disease,as they have the potential to progress to cirrhosis.Both conditions involve the release of reactive oxygen species and damage-associated molecular patterns from cytokines,hepatic stellate cells,and hepatocyte autophagy,leading to prolonged inflammation.While various medications target fibrosis and liver damage,nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer additional promise by promoting faster liver regeneration.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of nanoparticle systems as a future therapeutic approach for treating liver disorders.
基金supported by grants from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(2018R1A5A2024181,2020R1A2C2010098).
文摘Nanovaccines are used as delivery platforms for antigens and adjuvants, which activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and enhance anticancer immune responses.1,2 Researchers have recently developed a self-assembled nanocomplex using a polysorbitol-co-PEI (PSPEI) polymer complexed with poly(I:C) (PIC). By binding to different surface proteins, this nanocomplex enhances the intracellular delivery of cargos and induces potent anticancer immune responses against melanoma cells.3 We have previously demonstrated that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade enhanced the efficacy of DC-based cancer immunotherapy.4,5 Moreover, the combination of nanomedicines and PD-L1 blockade has been reported to enhance CD8+ T cell activation and inhibit immunosuppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment.6 In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a combinatorial treatment comprising the immunoadjuvant nanocomplex PSPEI-PIC, a DC vaccine, and PD-L1 blockade in a murine colon cancer model.
