A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur application with Rock phosphate mixed compost on phosphorus (P) solubility and its effect on yield and P uptake of wheat crop. The experiment was lai...A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur application with Rock phosphate mixed compost on phosphorus (P) solubility and its effect on yield and P uptake of wheat crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the research farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was conducted during rabi 2015-16 with plot size of 3 m × 5 m. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied at the rate of 120, 90 and 60 kg·ha-1 in the form of urea, compost, or single super phosphate and potassium sulphate, respectively. Elemental sulphur was applied at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 kg·ha-1 at the time of sowing. Results showed that sulphur applied with compost significantly improved wheat yield and yield components, soil organic matter, soil total N and AB-DTPA extractable P contents, plant N and P concentrations and their uptake, plant micronutrients concentration and their uptakes. No significant changes were noted in soil pH, ECe and lime contents. Maximum grain yield of 4076 kg·ha-1, total dry matter yield 9721 kg·ha-1, straw yield 5644 kg·ha-1, plant height 98.3 cm, spike length 11.2 cm, grain per spike 61.0, thousand grain weight 50.2 g were recorded on the application of S at the rate 20 kg·ha-1 with compost. The highest soil organic matter content of 1.41% was found for the application of S at the rate of 10 kg·ha-1 with compost. Maximum soil total N content of 1756 mg·kg-1 and P 5.7 mg·kg-1 were observed by the application of double recommended S with compost. Plant N uptakes of 125.7 kg·ha-1, and P uptake of 17.5 kg·ha-1, were maximum with application of compost and S @ 20 kg·ha-1. Highest plant uptake of Fe 0.56 kg·ha-1, Zn 0.41 kg·ha-1, Cu 0.16 kg·ha-1 and Mn 0.93 kg·ha-1 were found by the application of full recommended S with compost. Results suggested that S at the rate of 20 kg·ha-1 application with compost prepared from farm yard manure and rock phosphate proved better combination to enhance wheat yield, yield components and nutrients uptakes of wheat crop.展开更多
Lithium's(Li)ubiquitous distribution in the environment is a rising concern due to its rapid proliferation in the modern electronic industry.Li enigmatic entry into the terrestrial food chain raises many questions...Lithium's(Li)ubiquitous distribution in the environment is a rising concern due to its rapid proliferation in the modern electronic industry.Li enigmatic entry into the terrestrial food chain raises many questions and uncertainties that may pose a grave threat to living biota.We examined the leverage existing published articles regarding advances in global Li resources,interplay with plants,and possible involvement with living organisms,especially humans and animals.Globally,Li concentration(<10 e300 mg kg1)is detected in agricultural soil,and their pollutant levels vary with space and time.High mobility of Li results in higher accumulation in plants,but the clear mechanisms and specific functions remain unknown.Our assessment reveals the causal relationship between Li level and biota health.For example,lower Li intake(<0.6 mM in serum)leads to mental disorders,while higher intake(>1.5 mM in serum)induces thyroid,stomach,kidney,and reproductive system dysfunctions in humans and animals.However,there is a serious knowledge gap regarding Li regulatory standards in environmental compartments,and mechanistic approaches to unveil its consequences are needed.Furthermore,aggressive efforts are required to define optimum levels of Li for the normal functioning of animals,plants,and humans.This review is designed to revitalize the current status of Li research and identify the key knowledge gaps to fight back against the mountainous challenges of Li during the recent digital revolution.Additionally,we propose pathways to overcome Li problems and develop a strategy for effective,safe,and acceptable applications.展开更多
文摘A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur application with Rock phosphate mixed compost on phosphorus (P) solubility and its effect on yield and P uptake of wheat crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the research farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was conducted during rabi 2015-16 with plot size of 3 m × 5 m. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied at the rate of 120, 90 and 60 kg·ha-1 in the form of urea, compost, or single super phosphate and potassium sulphate, respectively. Elemental sulphur was applied at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 kg·ha-1 at the time of sowing. Results showed that sulphur applied with compost significantly improved wheat yield and yield components, soil organic matter, soil total N and AB-DTPA extractable P contents, plant N and P concentrations and their uptake, plant micronutrients concentration and their uptakes. No significant changes were noted in soil pH, ECe and lime contents. Maximum grain yield of 4076 kg·ha-1, total dry matter yield 9721 kg·ha-1, straw yield 5644 kg·ha-1, plant height 98.3 cm, spike length 11.2 cm, grain per spike 61.0, thousand grain weight 50.2 g were recorded on the application of S at the rate 20 kg·ha-1 with compost. The highest soil organic matter content of 1.41% was found for the application of S at the rate of 10 kg·ha-1 with compost. Maximum soil total N content of 1756 mg·kg-1 and P 5.7 mg·kg-1 were observed by the application of double recommended S with compost. Plant N uptakes of 125.7 kg·ha-1, and P uptake of 17.5 kg·ha-1, were maximum with application of compost and S @ 20 kg·ha-1. Highest plant uptake of Fe 0.56 kg·ha-1, Zn 0.41 kg·ha-1, Cu 0.16 kg·ha-1 and Mn 0.93 kg·ha-1 were found by the application of full recommended S with compost. Results suggested that S at the rate of 20 kg·ha-1 application with compost prepared from farm yard manure and rock phosphate proved better combination to enhance wheat yield, yield components and nutrients uptakes of wheat crop.
基金funded by the The 111 project of the Education Ministry of China(B18053)The National Natural Science Foundation(32130081).
文摘Lithium's(Li)ubiquitous distribution in the environment is a rising concern due to its rapid proliferation in the modern electronic industry.Li enigmatic entry into the terrestrial food chain raises many questions and uncertainties that may pose a grave threat to living biota.We examined the leverage existing published articles regarding advances in global Li resources,interplay with plants,and possible involvement with living organisms,especially humans and animals.Globally,Li concentration(<10 e300 mg kg1)is detected in agricultural soil,and their pollutant levels vary with space and time.High mobility of Li results in higher accumulation in plants,but the clear mechanisms and specific functions remain unknown.Our assessment reveals the causal relationship between Li level and biota health.For example,lower Li intake(<0.6 mM in serum)leads to mental disorders,while higher intake(>1.5 mM in serum)induces thyroid,stomach,kidney,and reproductive system dysfunctions in humans and animals.However,there is a serious knowledge gap regarding Li regulatory standards in environmental compartments,and mechanistic approaches to unveil its consequences are needed.Furthermore,aggressive efforts are required to define optimum levels of Li for the normal functioning of animals,plants,and humans.This review is designed to revitalize the current status of Li research and identify the key knowledge gaps to fight back against the mountainous challenges of Li during the recent digital revolution.Additionally,we propose pathways to overcome Li problems and develop a strategy for effective,safe,and acceptable applications.
