Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of psychoactive substance users in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: These were retrospective descriptive studies of patient consultation and hospital...Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of psychoactive substance users in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: These were retrospective descriptive studies of patient consultation and hospitalization records in the 17 psychiatric and addictology care centers in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. This was an exhaustive survey. All usable consultation and hospitalization registers were included in the study. Non-usable consultation and hospitalization registers were not included. Data were collected from January 1 to December 31 of each respective year. Data were cleaned using Excel before analysis. R software version 4.3.3 was used for analysis. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 26,029 patients were registered in mental health facilities in Senegal. The Fann Psychiatry Department (CHNU Fann) admitted 23.2% of patients and the Thiaroye National Psychiatric Hospital registered 17.6% of drug users. For the year 2019, we found 8259 and in 2021, we had 6607 patients. The male gender was more represented with 14,750 patients, or 90.9%. The age group [25 - 34] was the majority (7013 patients or 39.5%). The majority of patients (17,425 patients, or 84.6%) were followed as outpatients. The drugs were mainly inhaled (96.7%). The most consumed substance was cannabis with 8847 patients, or 54.2%. Withdrawal was the main reason for treatment, 11,614 patients, or 85.7%. Conclusion: In the light of the results of our study, we can say that the use of psychoactive substances is a real public health and development problem in Senegal. The peaks in psychoactive substance consumption preceded the peaks in psychiatric care centers, so we need to promote information, education and communication on the harmful effects of psychoactive substance consumption among the population in general and young people in particular, in order to safeguard the country’s development.展开更多
Background: COVID-19 has shown the vulnerability of our healthcare staff in terms of exposure. Staff contamination is a reality to be explored and prevented. Objective: It was to describe the epidemiological, clinical...Background: COVID-19 has shown the vulnerability of our healthcare staff in terms of exposure. Staff contamination is a reality to be explored and prevented. Objective: It was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profiles of health staff infected with COVID-19 in the Health District of Sangalkam (Senegal). Materials and Methodologies: This was a retrospective study from April 1, 2020 to April 20, 2021. District health staff tested positive of Sars-CoV-2 were included. Results: Sixty-six professionals were sampled, of whom seventeen were positive (25.8%). The medical history found was diabetes type 2 (n = 1) and hypertension/obesity (n = 1). Only one victim had previously received an incomplete vaccination. The average age of the infected personnel was 38.4 years. Victims with an identified epidemiological link were more numerous (64.7%). Respiratory signs (cough, rhinorrhea) and fever predominated. Caregivers accounted for 76% of the victims, compared with 26% of the administrative staff. Most patients were followed at home (76.4%). One severe case was admitted to the intensive care unit. The recovery rate was 100%. The average length of absence was 13 days. Conclusion: Infection of the staff is of great concern. Regular and decontamination and systematic cleaning of consultation offices and hospital wards are necessary. In addition, vaccination, screening, strict compliance with barrier measures (wearing masks, hand washing, physical distancing).展开更多
Introduction: Strokes are becoming more common in Africa, they are often accompanied by depressive symptoms, hence the need to investigate the factors associated with it for better management and prevention. Methodolo...Introduction: Strokes are becoming more common in Africa, they are often accompanied by depressive symptoms, hence the need to investigate the factors associated with it for better management and prevention. Methodology: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study amongst patients hospitalized with stroke at the Neurology/Neuroscience Clinic of the FANN UNHC (Dakar) in 2016. After a clinical diagnosis, patients are subjected to socio-demographic questionnaire and were administered with modified Rankin and MADRS scores. Results: Among the patients, 33.7% had Post-Stroke Depression, most were aged 50 to 70 years, male and married. History of stroke and depression was strongly associated with Post-Stroke Depression, while functional or cognitive impairment caused by stroke contributed to the development of Post Stroke depression. The type of ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke did not appear to affect the occurrence of the Post-Stroke Depression, but Post-Stroke Depression was more frequent in subjects with a left hemispheric lesion 47.8% (p Discussion: The occurrence of a Post-Stroke Depression is a factor of poor prognosis, early diagnosis and holistic care lead to improved quality of life.展开更多
Introduction: Globalization and the attendant contemporary system of work organization, industrial competitiveness and workplace hostility could be a source of stress. Behaviors considered to be hostile tend to consti...Introduction: Globalization and the attendant contemporary system of work organization, industrial competitiveness and workplace hostility could be a source of stress. Behaviors considered to be hostile tend to constitute the foundation on which moral harassment at work rests and contributes significantly to work place mental health. Methodology: We conducted a quantitative, cross sectional descriptive study between April 1 and June 30, 2018 at the Grands Moulins de Dakar “GMD”. We used a questionnaire containing the socio-demographic data to which we added the Masson Meret and Steiner questionnaire called, “Ambiance in professional environment”. We used the Epi info software for data entry and analysis. Results: Sample population was 100 subjects with average age of 42.18 years ± 7.6, a male predominance of 91% and average length of service in the company was 15.27 years ± 10.1. Hostile behavior was more frequently reported than stress, with 49% and 28% respectively. Among the hostile behavior we found criticism in the professional field in 35% of the cases and rumors mongering was observed in 25% of the cases. The most reported stress symptom was general fatigue (45%), hostile behavior was more common in males (40 - 49 years of age and those with more than 10 dependents). Of the officers who felt generally unwell, 78.9% were victims of hostile behavior. Conclusion: Hostile behavior forms the basis of moral harassment at work and their devious nature makes them difficult to detect, this contrasts with its harmful consequences on the health of the staff. Potentially harmful workplace stress has become more frequently encountered in the contemporary workplace and has constituted an occupational hazard. The most common symptoms reported are feeling unwell and general fatigue.展开更多
Introduction: Despite being under-reported, domestic violence remains a significant challenge in Senegal. The aim of this study is to provide a descriptive analysis of the epidemiological and clinical factors characte...Introduction: Despite being under-reported, domestic violence remains a significant challenge in Senegal. The aim of this study is to provide a descriptive analysis of the epidemiological and clinical factors characterizing domestic violence in Senegal. Methodology: A descriptive and retrospectively observational study was conducted. The data was collected from the court records of female victims of physical and/or sexual violence registered from 2006 to 2015. Female victims of physical and/or sexual violence at the hands of their husbands who had a court record at one of Senegal’s high courts during this period were also included. All records that met the inclusion criteria were selected for the study, and the data was analyzed using Epi Info 3.3.2. Results: According to the court records of 148 female victims of domestic violence, the average age of the victims was 30.6 ± 10.1 years. More than 3/4 (76.4%) of the victims were housekeepers, 82.4% of whom were uneducated. The average age of the perpetrators was 40.4 ± 11.4 years, and they were self-employed in the informal sector in 47.3% of the cases. Additionally, more than 3/4 (78.4%) of the perpetrators were uneducated. Eleven women (8% of the victims), were abused while pregnant. Physical violence was predominant (95.3%), while those associated with sexual assault accounted for 4.7% of cases. Of the 7 recorded cases of sexual violence, 3 were cases of unwanted sexual touching, and all cases of physical violence were cases of assault and battery. The violence took place at the home of the perpetrators in 81.8% of cases. In 84.7% of the cases, victims received treatment and care within 24 hours or less. Among the victims, 73% showed clinical lesions. Contusions, hematomas and penetrating wounds were most frequent, representing 23.1%;19.4% and 13.9% of cases respectively. Conclusion: Despite the low number of cases registered in the judicial system in the past ten years, much more violence is occurring without being denounced by the victims. Therefore, it seems appropriate to increase awareness within the community and break sociocultural barriers that hinder the recognition of women’s rights in the couple.展开更多
Background: Antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. Community pharmacists are among the most accessible health professionals. Therefore, their role in improving antibiotic use and subsequently in fighting ...Background: Antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. Community pharmacists are among the most accessible health professionals. Therefore, their role in improving antibiotic use and subsequently in fighting resistance is crucial. The objective of this study was to evaluate community pharmacists’ knowledge, practices and perceptions on antibiotic use and resistance. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in community pharmacies located in the departments of Guediawaye and Pikine, Senegal. The study took place between November 2017 and February 2018. A total of 121 community pharmacies were located. In each of them, we planned to include one pharmacist. A self-administered questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using Epi Info 7. The analysis was descriptive. Variables were expressed as number (n) and percentage (%). Results: The response rate was 75.2%. The majority mistakenly thought that antibiotics are always effective against sore throat (64.8%), bronchitis (51.6%), paronychia (72.5%) and dental caries (65.9%). Most respondents knew that self-medication (96.7%), poor treatment compliance (94.5%), inappropriate antibiotic dispensing (79.1%), inappropriate antibiotic prescribing (85.7%) were causes of resistance. Further, causes such as poor hand hygiene and lack of immunization were cited by 9.9% and 6.6% of participants. Moreover, 25.2% knew that third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and quinolones are critically important antibiotics. In addition, 96.7% and 90.2% said to dispense antibiotics without a prescription and to contact prescribers in case of doubt about the reliability of an antibiotic prescription, respectively. The majority was of the opinion that some antibiotic prescriptions were inadequate (29.7%) and that the consumption of antibiotics was high (92.3%). Conclusion: This study showed a lack of knowledge among community pharmacists practicing in Guediawaye and Pikine towards antibiotic use and resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to sensitize them. Further studies should be conducted to better understand the beliefs and behavior of community pharmacists regarding antibiotic use and resistance.展开更多
Introduction: Data on the complete vaccination of children in rural areas and the factors associated with it are poorly known. Knowledge of these factors is necessary for the adoption of effective vaccination strategi...Introduction: Data on the complete vaccination of children in rural areas and the factors associated with it are poorly known. Knowledge of these factors is necessary for the adoption of effective vaccination strategies. The aim of our study was to determine the proportion of children aged 12 to 23 months fully vaccinated before the age of 12 months in the commune of Thiomby and to identify associated factors. Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 January to 15 February 2020 in Thiomby among of children aged 12 to 23 months and their mothers/caregivers. The sampling was carried out in two-step clusters. Bivariate analysis was done with Epi-Info version 7.2.2.16. Results: The sample included 380 mothers/caregivers with children aged on average 24.7 years. Among them, 93.2% were housewives, 29.4% had attended school and 12.8% had a monthly income of more than 100,000 CFA francs. In total, 296 children were fully inoculated i.e. 77.9% of children aged 12 - 23 months had received all the appropriate vaccines by the age of 12 months. In addition, 42% of mothers and babysitters had a good level of knowledge about vaccination (benefits, side effects, etc.). The primary source of information for mothers about vaccination was the midwife, with 88 percent of women being informed through this channel. The age of mothers less than or equal to 30 years would significantly reduce (p Conclusion: Factors such as a good level of knowledge of mothers and access to information through midwives during prenatal and postnatal consultations contribute to an improvement in complete vaccination coverage among children aged 12 to 23 months.展开更多
Under-five mortality remains a major concern in the world and in Senegal. It is mainly due to preventable and treatable diseases with priority life-saving medicines for under-five children. This study evaluated the av...Under-five mortality remains a major concern in the world and in Senegal. It is mainly due to preventable and treatable diseases with priority life-saving medicines for under-five children. This study evaluated the availability, management and use of these drugs in two health districts in Senegal. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the health districts of Guediawaye and Pete from 01 November 2018 to 31 January 2019. The health district of Guediawaye is in the region hosting the Senegalese capital while that of Pete is located in the region of Saint Louis, northern Senegal. Nine drugs that can prevent and treat malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition were selected. An inventory form and a self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data that was analyzed with SPSS and expressed as a percentage and average. Drug availability was 50.4% and 54.3% in Guediawaye and in Pete, respectively. Average stock-out duration in the past three months was estimated at 22.6 and 26 days, respectively. The drug management was marked, on the one hand, by a good availability of stock cards in the two districts with proportions equal to 100% and 94.1%, respectively, and on the other hand, by the presence of expired stocks in Pete (12.2%). About 79% and 88% of prescribers reported prescribing the basket drug, respectively. These results show that access to priority life-saving medicines for children remains a challenge. Measures to be taken should include improving the distribution channels and training of health professionals. Further studies should be conducted in other health districts to better understand the barriers to access to child health services.展开更多
文摘Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of psychoactive substance users in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: These were retrospective descriptive studies of patient consultation and hospitalization records in the 17 psychiatric and addictology care centers in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. This was an exhaustive survey. All usable consultation and hospitalization registers were included in the study. Non-usable consultation and hospitalization registers were not included. Data were collected from January 1 to December 31 of each respective year. Data were cleaned using Excel before analysis. R software version 4.3.3 was used for analysis. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 26,029 patients were registered in mental health facilities in Senegal. The Fann Psychiatry Department (CHNU Fann) admitted 23.2% of patients and the Thiaroye National Psychiatric Hospital registered 17.6% of drug users. For the year 2019, we found 8259 and in 2021, we had 6607 patients. The male gender was more represented with 14,750 patients, or 90.9%. The age group [25 - 34] was the majority (7013 patients or 39.5%). The majority of patients (17,425 patients, or 84.6%) were followed as outpatients. The drugs were mainly inhaled (96.7%). The most consumed substance was cannabis with 8847 patients, or 54.2%. Withdrawal was the main reason for treatment, 11,614 patients, or 85.7%. Conclusion: In the light of the results of our study, we can say that the use of psychoactive substances is a real public health and development problem in Senegal. The peaks in psychoactive substance consumption preceded the peaks in psychiatric care centers, so we need to promote information, education and communication on the harmful effects of psychoactive substance consumption among the population in general and young people in particular, in order to safeguard the country’s development.
文摘Background: COVID-19 has shown the vulnerability of our healthcare staff in terms of exposure. Staff contamination is a reality to be explored and prevented. Objective: It was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profiles of health staff infected with COVID-19 in the Health District of Sangalkam (Senegal). Materials and Methodologies: This was a retrospective study from April 1, 2020 to April 20, 2021. District health staff tested positive of Sars-CoV-2 were included. Results: Sixty-six professionals were sampled, of whom seventeen were positive (25.8%). The medical history found was diabetes type 2 (n = 1) and hypertension/obesity (n = 1). Only one victim had previously received an incomplete vaccination. The average age of the infected personnel was 38.4 years. Victims with an identified epidemiological link were more numerous (64.7%). Respiratory signs (cough, rhinorrhea) and fever predominated. Caregivers accounted for 76% of the victims, compared with 26% of the administrative staff. Most patients were followed at home (76.4%). One severe case was admitted to the intensive care unit. The recovery rate was 100%. The average length of absence was 13 days. Conclusion: Infection of the staff is of great concern. Regular and decontamination and systematic cleaning of consultation offices and hospital wards are necessary. In addition, vaccination, screening, strict compliance with barrier measures (wearing masks, hand washing, physical distancing).
文摘Introduction: Strokes are becoming more common in Africa, they are often accompanied by depressive symptoms, hence the need to investigate the factors associated with it for better management and prevention. Methodology: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study amongst patients hospitalized with stroke at the Neurology/Neuroscience Clinic of the FANN UNHC (Dakar) in 2016. After a clinical diagnosis, patients are subjected to socio-demographic questionnaire and were administered with modified Rankin and MADRS scores. Results: Among the patients, 33.7% had Post-Stroke Depression, most were aged 50 to 70 years, male and married. History of stroke and depression was strongly associated with Post-Stroke Depression, while functional or cognitive impairment caused by stroke contributed to the development of Post Stroke depression. The type of ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke did not appear to affect the occurrence of the Post-Stroke Depression, but Post-Stroke Depression was more frequent in subjects with a left hemispheric lesion 47.8% (p Discussion: The occurrence of a Post-Stroke Depression is a factor of poor prognosis, early diagnosis and holistic care lead to improved quality of life.
文摘Introduction: Globalization and the attendant contemporary system of work organization, industrial competitiveness and workplace hostility could be a source of stress. Behaviors considered to be hostile tend to constitute the foundation on which moral harassment at work rests and contributes significantly to work place mental health. Methodology: We conducted a quantitative, cross sectional descriptive study between April 1 and June 30, 2018 at the Grands Moulins de Dakar “GMD”. We used a questionnaire containing the socio-demographic data to which we added the Masson Meret and Steiner questionnaire called, “Ambiance in professional environment”. We used the Epi info software for data entry and analysis. Results: Sample population was 100 subjects with average age of 42.18 years ± 7.6, a male predominance of 91% and average length of service in the company was 15.27 years ± 10.1. Hostile behavior was more frequently reported than stress, with 49% and 28% respectively. Among the hostile behavior we found criticism in the professional field in 35% of the cases and rumors mongering was observed in 25% of the cases. The most reported stress symptom was general fatigue (45%), hostile behavior was more common in males (40 - 49 years of age and those with more than 10 dependents). Of the officers who felt generally unwell, 78.9% were victims of hostile behavior. Conclusion: Hostile behavior forms the basis of moral harassment at work and their devious nature makes them difficult to detect, this contrasts with its harmful consequences on the health of the staff. Potentially harmful workplace stress has become more frequently encountered in the contemporary workplace and has constituted an occupational hazard. The most common symptoms reported are feeling unwell and general fatigue.
文摘Introduction: Despite being under-reported, domestic violence remains a significant challenge in Senegal. The aim of this study is to provide a descriptive analysis of the epidemiological and clinical factors characterizing domestic violence in Senegal. Methodology: A descriptive and retrospectively observational study was conducted. The data was collected from the court records of female victims of physical and/or sexual violence registered from 2006 to 2015. Female victims of physical and/or sexual violence at the hands of their husbands who had a court record at one of Senegal’s high courts during this period were also included. All records that met the inclusion criteria were selected for the study, and the data was analyzed using Epi Info 3.3.2. Results: According to the court records of 148 female victims of domestic violence, the average age of the victims was 30.6 ± 10.1 years. More than 3/4 (76.4%) of the victims were housekeepers, 82.4% of whom were uneducated. The average age of the perpetrators was 40.4 ± 11.4 years, and they were self-employed in the informal sector in 47.3% of the cases. Additionally, more than 3/4 (78.4%) of the perpetrators were uneducated. Eleven women (8% of the victims), were abused while pregnant. Physical violence was predominant (95.3%), while those associated with sexual assault accounted for 4.7% of cases. Of the 7 recorded cases of sexual violence, 3 were cases of unwanted sexual touching, and all cases of physical violence were cases of assault and battery. The violence took place at the home of the perpetrators in 81.8% of cases. In 84.7% of the cases, victims received treatment and care within 24 hours or less. Among the victims, 73% showed clinical lesions. Contusions, hematomas and penetrating wounds were most frequent, representing 23.1%;19.4% and 13.9% of cases respectively. Conclusion: Despite the low number of cases registered in the judicial system in the past ten years, much more violence is occurring without being denounced by the victims. Therefore, it seems appropriate to increase awareness within the community and break sociocultural barriers that hinder the recognition of women’s rights in the couple.
文摘Background: Antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. Community pharmacists are among the most accessible health professionals. Therefore, their role in improving antibiotic use and subsequently in fighting resistance is crucial. The objective of this study was to evaluate community pharmacists’ knowledge, practices and perceptions on antibiotic use and resistance. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in community pharmacies located in the departments of Guediawaye and Pikine, Senegal. The study took place between November 2017 and February 2018. A total of 121 community pharmacies were located. In each of them, we planned to include one pharmacist. A self-administered questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using Epi Info 7. The analysis was descriptive. Variables were expressed as number (n) and percentage (%). Results: The response rate was 75.2%. The majority mistakenly thought that antibiotics are always effective against sore throat (64.8%), bronchitis (51.6%), paronychia (72.5%) and dental caries (65.9%). Most respondents knew that self-medication (96.7%), poor treatment compliance (94.5%), inappropriate antibiotic dispensing (79.1%), inappropriate antibiotic prescribing (85.7%) were causes of resistance. Further, causes such as poor hand hygiene and lack of immunization were cited by 9.9% and 6.6% of participants. Moreover, 25.2% knew that third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and quinolones are critically important antibiotics. In addition, 96.7% and 90.2% said to dispense antibiotics without a prescription and to contact prescribers in case of doubt about the reliability of an antibiotic prescription, respectively. The majority was of the opinion that some antibiotic prescriptions were inadequate (29.7%) and that the consumption of antibiotics was high (92.3%). Conclusion: This study showed a lack of knowledge among community pharmacists practicing in Guediawaye and Pikine towards antibiotic use and resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to sensitize them. Further studies should be conducted to better understand the beliefs and behavior of community pharmacists regarding antibiotic use and resistance.
文摘Introduction: Data on the complete vaccination of children in rural areas and the factors associated with it are poorly known. Knowledge of these factors is necessary for the adoption of effective vaccination strategies. The aim of our study was to determine the proportion of children aged 12 to 23 months fully vaccinated before the age of 12 months in the commune of Thiomby and to identify associated factors. Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 January to 15 February 2020 in Thiomby among of children aged 12 to 23 months and their mothers/caregivers. The sampling was carried out in two-step clusters. Bivariate analysis was done with Epi-Info version 7.2.2.16. Results: The sample included 380 mothers/caregivers with children aged on average 24.7 years. Among them, 93.2% were housewives, 29.4% had attended school and 12.8% had a monthly income of more than 100,000 CFA francs. In total, 296 children were fully inoculated i.e. 77.9% of children aged 12 - 23 months had received all the appropriate vaccines by the age of 12 months. In addition, 42% of mothers and babysitters had a good level of knowledge about vaccination (benefits, side effects, etc.). The primary source of information for mothers about vaccination was the midwife, with 88 percent of women being informed through this channel. The age of mothers less than or equal to 30 years would significantly reduce (p Conclusion: Factors such as a good level of knowledge of mothers and access to information through midwives during prenatal and postnatal consultations contribute to an improvement in complete vaccination coverage among children aged 12 to 23 months.
文摘Under-five mortality remains a major concern in the world and in Senegal. It is mainly due to preventable and treatable diseases with priority life-saving medicines for under-five children. This study evaluated the availability, management and use of these drugs in two health districts in Senegal. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the health districts of Guediawaye and Pete from 01 November 2018 to 31 January 2019. The health district of Guediawaye is in the region hosting the Senegalese capital while that of Pete is located in the region of Saint Louis, northern Senegal. Nine drugs that can prevent and treat malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition were selected. An inventory form and a self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data that was analyzed with SPSS and expressed as a percentage and average. Drug availability was 50.4% and 54.3% in Guediawaye and in Pete, respectively. Average stock-out duration in the past three months was estimated at 22.6 and 26 days, respectively. The drug management was marked, on the one hand, by a good availability of stock cards in the two districts with proportions equal to 100% and 94.1%, respectively, and on the other hand, by the presence of expired stocks in Pete (12.2%). About 79% and 88% of prescribers reported prescribing the basket drug, respectively. These results show that access to priority life-saving medicines for children remains a challenge. Measures to be taken should include improving the distribution channels and training of health professionals. Further studies should be conducted in other health districts to better understand the barriers to access to child health services.
